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Drinking Water and Health, Volume 5 (1983) / Chapter Skim
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1,2-Dichloroethane
Pages 28-32

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From page 28...
... In the United States approximately 10 billion pounds are consumed annually, and some 2 million workers are exposed to the chemical (Fishbein, 1979~. Ten percent of those are exposed to high concentrations of 1,2-dichloroethane when used as a solvent in textile cleaning, metal decreasing, and adhesives.
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From page 29...
... GT GSH GS~ H2—CH2 -X GSH~ CH2 = CH2 + GSSG -X exe [:S~ H2O GSH GS-CH2—CH2 -SG o X-CH2-C-H D _ X-CH2—COOH GT | GSH,-Xe . , O GS-C H2-C-H DH _ GS~H2 ~OOH 1 Peptidase - GS-CH2-CH2-OH- ~ GS-CH2-CH2-OH NH2 ~ ~ HOOC -CH-CH2 -S -CH2 -COOH Peptidase NH~ o 1 ' HOOC-CH-CH2 -S-CH2 ~H2 -OH Acetyl CoA ~ N-Acetyl transferase O 11 NH—C-CH3 1 HOOC—CH—CH2 -S—CH2 -CH2 -OH / ,' HOOC-CH2-S-CH2—COOH o 11 P450 NH-C-CH3 O HOOC'H-CH2—S—CH2 ~H2—OH o HOOC—CH2—NH—C GS = NH2 O CH—CH2—S ~ 11 — HOOC—CH—CH2 -CH2—C—NH FIGURE II-1 Metabolic pathways of 1,2-dichloroethane and other 1,2-dihaloethanes.
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From page 30...
... reported the covalent reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane with proteins, lipid, and DNA in vitro following activation by rat hepatic microsomes supplied with a system generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)
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From page 31...
... The authors did not consider the papillomas significant in the two-stage skin bioassay, noting that no skin tumors appeared after repeated skin exposure. However, the lung tumors observed after repeated skin applications were regarded as significant.
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From page 32...
... Despite extensive knowledge concerning the metabolism of 1,2-dichloroethane, there is still a need to know the comparative pharmacokinetics in different species, including humans. The knowledge that 1,2-dichloroethane has been shown to have both mutagenic and carcinogenic properties in animals provides further reason to obtain these kinds of data following oral exposure in order to develop better estimates of the risk to humans exposed to low levels.
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Key Terms

  • covalent reaction
  • episulfonium ion
  • repeated skin
  • skin tumors
  • lung tumors

  • skin bioassay
  • microsomes free
  • comparative pharmacokinetics
  • reported preimplantation
  • limit value

  • incorporation assay
  • enzymes dependent
  • hepatic microsomes
  • industrial hygienists
  • induce skin

  • glutathione greatly
  • rat liver
  • despite extensive
  • orally administered
  • adenine dinucleotide

  • following oral
  • exhaled metabolic
  • nor decreased
  • animals provides
  • cytosolic hepatic

  • perfused liver
  • reproductive effects
  • tumors appeared
  • maternal exposures
  • standard ames


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