Drinking Water and Health, Volume 5 (1983) / Chapter Skim
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Rotenone
Rotenone
Pages 63-70
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From page 63... ...
83-794 OCH3 CH3O ~r~ CH2 H , Car H CH3 In the form of ground derris root, rotenone has been used as a nonpersistent insecticide to control pests on plants and animals and as a fish poison to manage or to eliminate undesirable species in reservoirs, lakes, and streams (Fukami et al., 1967~. First isolated in 1895, world consumption is
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From page 64... ...
The committee found no literature on the in ViVQ kinetics of rotenone absorption or excretion. In vitro studies with microsomal preparations and in vivo studies with mice and houseflies indicated that there are hydroxylation metabolites of rotenone designated as rotenolone I; rotenolone II; dehydrorotenone I; dehydroxyrotenone; 8'-hydroxyrotenolone; 6',7'-dehydro6',7'-dihydrorotenone; and other uncharacterized polar compounds (Fukami et al., 1967; Haley, 19781.
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From page 65... ...
In this study, dogs were not affected at 2 g/kg, but oral ingestion near the feeding time produced emeSiS. Short-term administration of rotenone in sunflower oil, injected intraperitoneally in doses of 0.1 mg/kg/day for 5 days into female rats, produced a marked elevation in serum growth hormone concentration and a decrease in serum prolactin (Gosalvez et al., 1979~.
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From page 66... ...
Rats maintained on high-fat diets containing derris root or rotenone for 140 days had nonnal growth curves and no histological evidence of organ damage (Haley, 1978~. In a 2-year study, rats and dogs were given cube powder, the commercial natural product (Hansen et al., 1965)
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From page 67... ...
The maximum dose level used was the dose that reduced the proportion of dividing cells to Who. Rotenone added to Chinese hamster cells in vitro increased the mitotic index, and mitotic cells contained monopolar spindles with chromosomes grouped around centriole pairs near the cell center (Haley, 1978~.
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From page 68... ...
Histological examination of major organs and of grossly observed lesions supported the conclusion that oral administration of rotenone did not cause a significant increase in tumors. In the early 1970's, a brief communication by Gosalvez and Merchan (1973)
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From page 69... ...
Histological examination was performed on more than 30 tissue/organ sites sampled from animals from each of these two studies. There was no evidence that intraperitoneal or oral administration of rotenone in corn oil to Sprague-Dawley or Wistar rats induced mammary neoplasia or statistically significant neoplasias at any other organ site.
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From page 70... ...
, and assuming that a 70-kg human consumes 2 liters of water daily and that 20% of intake is provided by the water, one may calculate the SNARL as: 2 mg/kg X 70 kg X 0.2 14 /li 2 liters X 1,000 Because results of acute toxicity studies have been variable, additional studies with the purified chemical, with several animal species, and with several routes of administration appear warranted. Additional teratological evaluation should also be considered, assuming that humans may be exposed to the chemical through drinking water.
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