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Drinking Water and Health, Volume 5 (1983) / Chapter Skim
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1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Pages 74-78

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From page 74...
... There also continues to be a need for further research to elucidate mechanisms of tetrachloroethylene toxicity and species differences in response to this compound. Data from carefully designed subchronic studies to determine effect and no-effect doses would permit much better estimation of the risk associated with low-level exposure of humans.
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From page 75...
... Observations in Other Species Acute Effects Cardiac arrhythmias observed in laboratory animals exposed to 1, 1,1-trichloroethane are similar to those seen in humans after self-intoxication. In rabbits, pretreatment with phenobarbital has reduced blood levels of 1, 1,1-trichloroethane and the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias, whereas pretreatment with the mixed-function oxidase inhibitors SKE 525-A and 2,4-dichloro-6-phenylphenoxyethyldiethylamine hydrogen bromide (Lilly, 18947)
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From page 76...
... The metabolism of aminopyrine is inhibited to a greater extent than aniline hydroxylation (Bolt et al., 1980~. This could be explained by the fact that 1, 1,1-trichloroethane binds readily to cytochrome P450, as evidenced by its type I binding characteristics (National Research Council, 1980~.
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From page 77...
... Using the criteria for interpreting animal carcino.genicity data as outTABLE II-6 Tumor incidence in 1, 1,1-Trichloroethane-Exposed Micea Tumor Dose Levels, Animal Sex Site mg/kg/day Tumor Rates B6C3F~ mouse Male Liver 0, 1,500, 3,000 16/50, 24/50, 20/50 B6C3F' mouse Female Liver 0, 1,500, 3,000 3/49, 5/49, 10/49 a Based on data from the National Toxicology Program, 1982e.
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From page 78...
... Therefore, the committee calculated a chronic SNARL based on the lowest dose used in the negative cancer bioassay. Subsequent retesting has produced limited evidence that 1, 1,1-trichloroethane is carcinogenic to mice but not to rats.
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Key Terms

  • lifetime risk
  • national toxicology
  • toxicology program
  • daily consumption
  • water containing

  • carcinogenic risk
  • confidence estimate
  • risk estimate
  • following oral
  • exposed mice

  • third volume
  • van den
  • mouse male
  • chronic snarl
  • blood levels

  • den honert
  • risk estimates
  • cardiac arrhythmias
  • limited evidence
  • hepatocellular carcinomas

  • increased incidence
  • bind covalently
  • risk associated
  • male liver
  • dish inside

  • unresolved pending
  • designed subchronic
  • rats confirmed
  • trace levels
  • female liver


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