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From page 541... ... Index A Academic achievement, see School performance and failure Acetylcholine {AChI, 246, 248, 249, 266-267 Acetylsalicylic acid, 531 Activational hormonal effects, 5, 6-7 Adaptive behavior and brain damage, 14 models, 12, 21, 78-79 Additive genetic variance, 23, 42 Adolescents, see Juvenile offenders; Puberty Adoption studies, 3, 27, 29, 30, 31, 34-39, 42-43, 45, 49, 94 alcohol abuse, 4, 37, 38, 40-41, 44 standardization of, 46 of unrelated siblings, 47 Adrenal hormones, 7, 8, 184, 189, 222-225 Adrenal medulla, 184, 193, 222-225 Adrenocorticotropic hormone jACTHI, 7, 182, 184, 211, 218 Affective defense behavior, 12, 61, 63, 69-78 Age, 79, 90 and schizophrenia, 81 Aggressiveness animal models, 12, 62-79, 174- 179, 209-214, 247-248 541 definitions of, 173- 179, 247-248 drug effects on, 9 and epilepsy, 82-85 and fetal steroid exposure, 6 genetic influences, 2, 21-22 heterogeneity in, 179- 180 hormonal influences, 6-7, 8, 180-229 and hypoglycemia, 16 neuroanatomical factors, 12 neurochemical influences, 9, 10, 11 Agonistic behavior, 21-22, 175, 192, 211 Alcohol use and abuse, 4, 82, 275, 520, 534 adoption studies, 4, 37, 38, 40-41, 44 and benzodiazepine receptors, 11 genetic influences, 3, 4, 24, 46 and hormonal mechanisms, 224, 226, 228 neurochemistry, 10, 256, 261 and neuroimaging results, 16 neuropsychologic factors, 13 in pregnancy, 14, 94-95 and sugar metabolism, 17, 524, 525 among violent offenders, 86 withdrawal management, 10, 270 Alprazolam, 277, 278 Aminergic hormones, 182 Read the entire page →
From page 542... ... , 527-533, 535 Autism, 9- 10 Autonomic functions, 12, 15 Aversiveness, 175- 176 B Barbiturates, 275 "Battered alcoholic syndrome," 224 Behavior studies, 1 -2, 179- 180, 227 food intake, 516-520 see also Adoption studies; Animal studies; Twin studies Benzodiazepine anxiolytics, 11, 270, 275-276, 277-278, 280 receptors, 11-12, 264, 276-279 Beta-blockers, 9-10, 255, 279-280 Blood samples, 185, 188, 248 Bodily rhythms, 188, 221-222, 249. See also Circadian rhythms; Menstrual cycle; Seasonal rhythms Body image, 6 Brain, see Hypothalamus; Left-hemisphere dysfunction; Neuroanatomic networks; Neurobiologic mechanisms; Neurochemical mechanisms; Neuroimaging; Neuropsychologic assessment; Periaqueductal gray matter; Psychophysiologic assessment Brain damage, 12, 13, 14, 96, 97, 270, 279 and alcohol abuse, 82 and epilepsy, 83-84 and psychophysiologic testing, 15, 93 among violent offenders, 86 Broad sense heritability, 23 Buserelin, 212 Buspirone, 279 Buss-Durkee scale, 217-218 Butyrophenones, 269 C Carbachol, 267 Castration, 214 Catecholamines jCA) Read the entire page →
From page 543... ... , 218 Delinquency, see Juvenile offenders Dementia, 247 Denmark, 3, 33-36, 37 Depression, 247, 261, 269, 271, 520 Developmental issues and anomalies, 92-95 hormonal influences, 194-208 and psychophysiologic testing, 15 see also Fetal development; Puberty Diabetic pregnancies, 197 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IIIR) , 247 Diary surveys, 221 Diazepam, 276, 277, 278 Diet, see Nutrition and diet Dietary challenge studies, 520 Dietary replacement studies, 519-520 Dopamine (DA) Read the entire page →
From page 544... ... 544 / INDEX Empathy training, 228 Endocrine mechanisms, see Hormonal mechanisms Endorphins, 182 Enkephalins, 182 Environmental influences, 1, 49, 50 and genetic factors, 1, 2-5, 22-23, 31, 39, 44-47 Environmental toxins, 14 Enzyme immunoassay, 185 Epidemiologic studies neuropsychologic impairment, 14 seizure disorders, 84 Epilepsy, 12, 13, 82-85, 217, 247, 270 Epinephrine, 8, 206, 208, 222-223 "Episodic dyscontrol" syndrome, 59, 63, 71, 88, 247, 270, 533 Estradiol, 214, 218 Estrogen, 5, 6, 184, 210, 214 Ethanol, see Alcohol use and abuse Ethical issues, hormonal treatments, 228-229 Ethnicity, see Race and ethnicity "Eve, " 261 Event-related brain potentials {ERPsI, 15, 91-92 Evolutionary models, 12, 21, 47-48 Experimental studies, 179, 518-520 Explosive aggression, 12, 247, 270, 533 F Families criminality in, 205 and diet, 17, 518 homicide within, 48 social learning of violence in, 2-3 see also Adoption studies; Pedigree studies; Twin studies Fearless personality, 15 Feingold, Benjamin, 531-532 Females, 92 fetal development, 5-6 homicide rates, 90 menstrual cycle, 91, 222 Fetal development, 93 and alcohol use, 14, 94-95 and drug use, 5-6, 14, 95 hormones and, 5-6, 194-204, 209 Fighting, 184, 204 Filicide, 48 Finland, 24 5-oc-Reductase deficiency syndrome, 197, 206 5-MT, 246, 248, 255-264, 271, 279, 280 "Flight-fight" syndrome, 9 Fluorometric assays, 185 Fluoxetine, 272 Fluphenazine decorate, 270 Flutamide, 216 Follicle-stimulating hormone {FSHJ, 205, 218 Food additives, 17 and hyperactivity, 531-533 Food intake, see Nutrition and diet G Gamma-aminobutyric acid {GABAJ and receptors, 11-12, 248, 249, 264-266, 276-280 Gender differences, 79, 90-91, 180 brain development and structure, 6, 90-9 1 hormone-influenced, 5-6 preoptic brain development, 6 see also Females; Males Genetic influences, 1-5, 21-23, 39-50, 93-94 animal studies, 1, 4-5, 21-22 antisocial behavior, 3, 4, 30-39, 42-45, 47-48 chromosomal anomalies, 24, 26 environmental factors, 1, 2-5, 22-23, 31, 39, 44-47 juvenile antisocial behavior, 3, 30-31, 42, 44 Mendelian disorders, 24, 25 personality traits, 2, 26-30, 46 and race, 48-50 research needs, 46-47 Genetic markers, 2 Genetic variance, 22, 23 Genital development, 5, 6 Gepirone, 279 Glucocorticoids, 7 Glucose metabolism, 15, 16, 263, 521 -522 Golden hamster, 204 Gonadotropins, 183, 184, 216 Graham, Sylvester, 516 Guinea pigs, 204 Read the entire page →
From page 545... ... , 15, 91 -92 Insulin, 17, 533 Intelligence, see Cognition and intelligence Intentionality, 175 Intermittent explosive disorder, see "Episodic dyscontrol" syndrome Intrauterine location, 195 - 196 Involuntary acts, 59 Iowa, 38-39, 45 Ipsapirone, 279 Japan, 12, 88 Johns Hopkins University-NIMH preventive intervention project, 97-99 Juvenile offenders dietary improvement, 525 fetal alcohol exposure, 95 genetic influences, 3, 30-31, 42, 44 neuropsychiatric studies, 86 psychophysiologic studies, 15, 93 psychosurgical procedures on, 88 K Kellogg, John Harvey, 516 Korsakoff's disorder, 279 L Language processing, 13-14, 87, 91 Lead poisoning, 535 cognitive effects, 14, 94 Left-hemisphere dysfunction, 13, 87, 91 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, 247 Liability, 23, 31, 46 Limbic system, 12- 13, 59-73 passim, 74, 77, 80-81, 87, 88, 93, 96, 247 Read the entire page →
From page 546... ... , 97 National registries, 84, 96-97, 99 Scandinavian countries, 4, 96 "Nature versus nurture" debates, 2 Nervous system, see Autonomic functions Neuroanatomic networks, 1, 12- 13, 14, 60-62 in cats, 62-73, 74, 77-78 Neurobiologic mechanisms, 1, 59-62 research needs, 95-99 Neurochemical mechanisms, 1, 5- 12, 14, 248-249 Neurodevelopmental issues, see Developmental issues and anomalies Neuroendocrinology, 181 - 182 Neuroimaging, 1, 13, 14, 15-16 Neuroleptics, 269-271 Neuromodulators, 246 Neuropsychiatric disorders, 59, 61, 80-87, 247 treatment, 87-90 Neuropsychologic assessment, 13-14 and neuroimaging, 16 Neurotransmitters and receptors, 8- 12, 73, 75-76, 77-78, 181 - 182, 209, 246, 248-267 hormonal, 5-8 Nicotine, 10, 267 Nonadrenergic feeding, 246 Noradrenergic receptor blockers, 272-273 Norepinephrine {NEi, 8, 9-10, 208, 212, 222-223, 246, 248, 249-250, 251-252, 253 Norway, 32-33 Nutrition and diet, 10, 16-17, 515-516, 535 food additives, 17, 531-533 research methodology, 516-520 sugar intake, 16- 17, 520-531 see also Hypoglycemia Read the entire page →
From page 547... ... , 61-73 passion, 78 Personality disorders, 10, 263, 533 Personality traits, 2, 26-30, 46 Pharmacological interventions, 1, 12, 87-88, 249, 268-280 antidepressants, 270, 271-275 antipsychotics, 8-9, 10, 82, 268-271 anxiolytics, 11, 275-276, 279, 280 beta-blockers, 9-10, 255, 279-280 criticisms of, 89-90, 268 dopamine receptor antagonists, 8-9, 255, 268 hormonal, 173, 185, 214, 216, 228 serotonin receptor antagonists, 10, 11, 259, 271, 272-273, 275 Phenothiazines, 269, 271 Pheromones, 212 Pindolol, 280 Piperidylalkylphenothiazines, 270 Plea bargaining, 180 Positron emission tomography {PET) , 14, 15, 16, 81, 86, 87 Postpartum psychoses, 48 Poverty, 79, 90, 92, 93, 96, 205 Predatory behavior, 174, 254-255, 256, 258 animal studies, 12, 61, 62-63, 64-69, 73, 74, 177-178 Prefrontal cortex, 13 Premenstrual tension {PMT~, 7, 180, 222 Prenatal development, see Fetal development Preoptic brain area, 6, 209 Preschool play group studies, 179 Preventive interventions, 97-99 Primates, 6, 7, 10, 60, 77, 174, 196-197, 204-205, 212, 214, 215, 227 Prison, see Incarceration Progesterone, 216 Progestogen-estrogen treatments, 197 Prolactin, 205 Propranolol, 279-280 Prospective studies, 14 Psychoactive drugs, 246 Psychopathology, 174, 279 genetic influences, 2, 46 psychophysiologic characteristics, 15, 91 -92 and substance abuse, 9, 11, 82 Psychophysiologic assessment, 14- 15, 91 -92 and neuroimaging, 16 Psychosurgery, 12-13, 84-85, 88-89, 90 Psychotherapy, 228 P300 wave, 15 Puberty, 204-208, 227 Q Quantitative genetic studies, 2-5 R Race and ethnicity genetic influences, 48-50 Radioimmunoassay, 185 Rape, 43, 179 Rating scales, 221 Rats, 12, 21, 178-179, 194, 212, 225-226, 250, 251, 253, 256, 257, 267 Red deer, 212 Read the entire page →
From page 548... ... see also Twin studies Skin conductance, 15 Smoking, 267 in pregnancy, 14, 95 withdrawal management, 10 Snails, 176 Social attitudes, 2 Social learning, 2-3, 14, 196 Social signals, 223-225 Socioeconomic status, 79, 90, 92, 93 and epilepsy, 85 and schizophrenia, 81 Somatotropic hormone, 205 Spinal cord, 61-62 Spinal punctures, 248-249 Sports, 179, 180, 219 Steroids, 1, 5-7, 183-184, 193, 205, 208-222, 246 anabolic, 7, 211, 220, 228 Stilbestrol, 214 Stimulants, 9, 270 Stress, 225-226 and hormonal levels, 7, 8 and serotonin levels, 7, 10 studies of, 179 Sugar consumption, 16- 17, 520-531 and hyperactivity, 519, 520, 527-531 research needs, 526-527 see also Hypoglycemia Suicide, 256, 261, 271 Surgery castration, 214 on hormonal glands, 185, 192 see also Psychosurgery Surveys, 97 Sweden, 36-38 T Tamarinds, 197 Tamoxifen, 212, 216 Tardive dyskinesias, 270, 271 Temper tantrums, 277, 278 Temperament, 2 Testosterone, 5-7, 189, 194, 195-197, 205, 206, 211, 216, 217, 219, 222 Thioridazine, 270 Thioxanthines, 269 Thyroid, 184, 205 Tobacco use, in pregnancy, 14, 95 Read the entire page →
From page 549... ... INDEX / 549 Tomography, see Computerized tomography; Positron emission tomography Tourette's syndrome, 247 Toxemic pregnancies, 197 Treatment interventions, 87-90 Tricyclics, 271, 272, 273 Twin studies, 3, 27, 29, 30-31, 32-34, 39, 41, 42, 45, 49 standardization of, 46 "Twinkle defense," 520-521 U Unique environmental variance, 22-23 United Kingdom, 226 Unverricht and Lundborg myoclonus epilepsy, 24 Urban areas, 44, 45 Urine samples, 248 V Verbal abilities and deficits, 13-14 Vertical environmental transmission, 23 W "Wandering tendency," 88 White, Dan, 520-521 Winning, 7, 219-220 Withdrawal states, 10 X X-linked disorders, 24 XYY syndrome, 24, 26 Read the entire page →

From page 541...

... Index A Academic achievement, see School performance and failure Acetylcholine {AChI, 246, 248, 249, 266-267 Acetylsalicylic acid, 531 Activational hormonal effects, 5, 6-7 Adaptive behavior and brain damage, 14 models, 12, 21, 78-79 Additive genetic variance, 23, 42 Adolescents, see Juvenile offenders; Puberty Adoption studies, 3, 27, 29, 30, 31, 34-39, 42-43, 45, 49, 94 alcohol abuse, 4, 37, 38, 40-41, 44 standardization of, 46 of unrelated siblings, 47 Adrenal hormones, 7, 8, 184, 189, 222-225 Adrenal medulla, 184, 193, 222-225 Adrenocorticotropic hormone jACTHI, 7, 182, 184, 211, 218 Affective defense behavior, 12, 61, 63, 69-78 Age, 79, 90 and schizophrenia, 81 Aggressiveness animal models, 12, 62-79, 174- 179, 209-214, 247-248 541 definitions of, 173- 179, 247-248 drug effects on, 9 and epilepsy, 82-85 and fetal steroid exposure, 6 genetic influences, 2, 21-22 heterogeneity in, 179- 180 hormonal influences, 6-7, 8, 180-229 and hypoglycemia, 16 neuroanatomical factors, 12 neurochemical influences, 9, 10, 11 Agonistic behavior, 21-22, 175, 192, 211 Alcohol use and abuse, 4, 82, 275, 520, 534 adoption studies, 4, 37, 38, 40-41, 44 and benzodiazepine receptors, 11 genetic influences, 3, 4, 24, 46 and hormonal mechanisms, 224, 226, 228 neurochemistry, 10, 256, 261 and neuroimaging results, 16 neuropsychologic factors, 13 in pregnancy, 14, 94-95 and sugar metabolism, 17, 524, 525 among violent offenders, 86 withdrawal management, 10, 270 Alprazolam, 277, 278 Aminergic hormones, 182

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From page 542...

... , 527-533, 535 Autism, 9- 10 Autonomic functions, 12, 15 Aversiveness, 175- 176 B Barbiturates, 275 "Battered alcoholic syndrome," 224 Behavior studies, 1 -2, 179- 180, 227 food intake, 516-520 see also Adoption studies; Animal studies; Twin studies Benzodiazepine anxiolytics, 11, 270, 275-276, 277-278, 280 receptors, 11-12, 264, 276-279 Beta-blockers, 9-10, 255, 279-280 Blood samples, 185, 188, 248 Bodily rhythms, 188, 221-222, 249. See also Circadian rhythms; Menstrual cycle; Seasonal rhythms Body image, 6 Brain, see Hypothalamus; Left-hemisphere dysfunction; Neuroanatomic networks; Neurobiologic mechanisms; Neurochemical mechanisms; Neuroimaging; Neuropsychologic assessment; Periaqueductal gray matter; Psychophysiologic assessment Brain damage, 12, 13, 14, 96, 97, 270, 279 and alcohol abuse, 82 and epilepsy, 83-84 and psychophysiologic testing, 15, 93 among violent offenders, 86 Broad sense heritability, 23 Buserelin, 212 Buspirone, 279 Buss-Durkee scale, 217-218 Butyrophenones, 269 C Carbachol, 267 Castration, 214 Catecholamines jCA)

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From page 543...

... , 218 Delinquency, see Juvenile offenders Dementia, 247 Denmark, 3, 33-36, 37 Depression, 247, 261, 269, 271, 520 Developmental issues and anomalies, 92-95 hormonal influences, 194-208 and psychophysiologic testing, 15 see also Fetal development; Puberty Diabetic pregnancies, 197 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IIIR) , 247 Diary surveys, 221 Diazepam, 276, 277, 278 Diet, see Nutrition and diet Dietary challenge studies, 520 Dietary replacement studies, 519-520 Dopamine (DA)

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From page 544...

... 544 / INDEX Empathy training, 228 Endocrine mechanisms, see Hormonal mechanisms Endorphins, 182 Enkephalins, 182 Environmental influences, 1, 49, 50 and genetic factors, 1, 2-5, 22-23, 31, 39, 44-47 Environmental toxins, 14 Enzyme immunoassay, 185 Epidemiologic studies neuropsychologic impairment, 14 seizure disorders, 84 Epilepsy, 12, 13, 82-85, 217, 247, 270 Epinephrine, 8, 206, 208, 222-223 "Episodic dyscontrol" syndrome, 59, 63, 71, 88, 247, 270, 533 Estradiol, 214, 218 Estrogen, 5, 6, 184, 210, 214 Ethanol, see Alcohol use and abuse Ethical issues, hormonal treatments, 228-229 Ethnicity, see Race and ethnicity "Eve, " 261 Event-related brain potentials {ERPsI, 15, 91-92 Evolutionary models, 12, 21, 47-48 Experimental studies, 179, 518-520 Explosive aggression, 12, 247, 270, 533 F Families criminality in, 205 and diet, 17, 518 homicide within, 48 social learning of violence in, 2-3 see also Adoption studies; Pedigree studies; Twin studies Fearless personality, 15 Feingold, Benjamin, 531-532 Females, 92 fetal development, 5-6 homicide rates, 90 menstrual cycle, 91, 222 Fetal development, 93 and alcohol use, 14, 94-95 and drug use, 5-6, 14, 95 hormones and, 5-6, 194-204, 209 Fighting, 184, 204 Filicide, 48 Finland, 24 5-oc-Reductase deficiency syndrome, 197, 206 5-MT, 246, 248, 255-264, 271, 279, 280 "Flight-fight" syndrome, 9 Fluorometric assays, 185 Fluoxetine, 272 Fluphenazine decorate, 270 Flutamide, 216 Follicle-stimulating hormone {FSHJ, 205, 218 Food additives, 17 and hyperactivity, 531-533 Food intake, see Nutrition and diet G Gamma-aminobutyric acid {GABAJ and receptors, 11-12, 248, 249, 264-266, 276-280 Gender differences, 79, 90-91, 180 brain development and structure, 6, 90-9 1 hormone-influenced, 5-6 preoptic brain development, 6 see also Females; Males Genetic influences, 1-5, 21-23, 39-50, 93-94 animal studies, 1, 4-5, 21-22 antisocial behavior, 3, 4, 30-39, 42-45, 47-48 chromosomal anomalies, 24, 26 environmental factors, 1, 2-5, 22-23, 31, 39, 44-47 juvenile antisocial behavior, 3, 30-31, 42, 44 Mendelian disorders, 24, 25 personality traits, 2, 26-30, 46 and race, 48-50 research needs, 46-47 Genetic markers, 2 Genetic variance, 22, 23 Genital development, 5, 6 Gepirone, 279 Glucocorticoids, 7 Glucose metabolism, 15, 16, 263, 521 -522 Golden hamster, 204 Gonadotropins, 183, 184, 216 Graham, Sylvester, 516 Guinea pigs, 204

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From page 545...

... , 15, 91 -92 Insulin, 17, 533 Intelligence, see Cognition and intelligence Intentionality, 175 Intermittent explosive disorder, see "Episodic dyscontrol" syndrome Intrauterine location, 195 - 196 Involuntary acts, 59 Iowa, 38-39, 45 Ipsapirone, 279 Japan, 12, 88 Johns Hopkins University-NIMH preventive intervention project, 97-99 Juvenile offenders dietary improvement, 525 fetal alcohol exposure, 95 genetic influences, 3, 30-31, 42, 44 neuropsychiatric studies, 86 psychophysiologic studies, 15, 93 psychosurgical procedures on, 88 K Kellogg, John Harvey, 516 Korsakoff's disorder, 279 L Language processing, 13-14, 87, 91 Lead poisoning, 535 cognitive effects, 14, 94 Left-hemisphere dysfunction, 13, 87, 91 Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, 247 Liability, 23, 31, 46 Limbic system, 12- 13, 59-73 passim, 74, 77, 80-81, 87, 88, 93, 96, 247

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From page 546...

... , 97 National registries, 84, 96-97, 99 Scandinavian countries, 4, 96 "Nature versus nurture" debates, 2 Nervous system, see Autonomic functions Neuroanatomic networks, 1, 12- 13, 14, 60-62 in cats, 62-73, 74, 77-78 Neurobiologic mechanisms, 1, 59-62 research needs, 95-99 Neurochemical mechanisms, 1, 5- 12, 14, 248-249 Neurodevelopmental issues, see Developmental issues and anomalies Neuroendocrinology, 181 - 182 Neuroimaging, 1, 13, 14, 15-16 Neuroleptics, 269-271 Neuromodulators, 246 Neuropsychiatric disorders, 59, 61, 80-87, 247 treatment, 87-90 Neuropsychologic assessment, 13-14 and neuroimaging, 16 Neurotransmitters and receptors, 8- 12, 73, 75-76, 77-78, 181 - 182, 209, 246, 248-267 hormonal, 5-8 Nicotine, 10, 267 Nonadrenergic feeding, 246 Noradrenergic receptor blockers, 272-273 Norepinephrine {NEi, 8, 9-10, 208, 212, 222-223, 246, 248, 249-250, 251-252, 253 Norway, 32-33 Nutrition and diet, 10, 16-17, 515-516, 535 food additives, 17, 531-533 research methodology, 516-520 sugar intake, 16- 17, 520-531 see also Hypoglycemia

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From page 547...

... , 61-73 passion, 78 Personality disorders, 10, 263, 533 Personality traits, 2, 26-30, 46 Pharmacological interventions, 1, 12, 87-88, 249, 268-280 antidepressants, 270, 271-275 antipsychotics, 8-9, 10, 82, 268-271 anxiolytics, 11, 275-276, 279, 280 beta-blockers, 9-10, 255, 279-280 criticisms of, 89-90, 268 dopamine receptor antagonists, 8-9, 255, 268 hormonal, 173, 185, 214, 216, 228 serotonin receptor antagonists, 10, 11, 259, 271, 272-273, 275 Phenothiazines, 269, 271 Pheromones, 212 Pindolol, 280 Piperidylalkylphenothiazines, 270 Plea bargaining, 180 Positron emission tomography {PET) , 14, 15, 16, 81, 86, 87 Postpartum psychoses, 48 Poverty, 79, 90, 92, 93, 96, 205 Predatory behavior, 174, 254-255, 256, 258 animal studies, 12, 61, 62-63, 64-69, 73, 74, 177-178 Prefrontal cortex, 13 Premenstrual tension {PMT~, 7, 180, 222 Prenatal development, see Fetal development Preoptic brain area, 6, 209 Preschool play group studies, 179 Preventive interventions, 97-99 Primates, 6, 7, 10, 60, 77, 174, 196-197, 204-205, 212, 214, 215, 227 Prison, see Incarceration Progesterone, 216 Progestogen-estrogen treatments, 197 Prolactin, 205 Propranolol, 279-280 Prospective studies, 14 Psychoactive drugs, 246 Psychopathology, 174, 279 genetic influences, 2, 46 psychophysiologic characteristics, 15, 91 -92 and substance abuse, 9, 11, 82 Psychophysiologic assessment, 14- 15, 91 -92 and neuroimaging, 16 Psychosurgery, 12-13, 84-85, 88-89, 90 Psychotherapy, 228 P300 wave, 15 Puberty, 204-208, 227 Q Quantitative genetic studies, 2-5 R Race and ethnicity genetic influences, 48-50 Radioimmunoassay, 185 Rape, 43, 179 Rating scales, 221 Rats, 12, 21, 178-179, 194, 212, 225-226, 250, 251, 253, 256, 257, 267 Red deer, 212

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From page 548...

... see also Twin studies Skin conductance, 15 Smoking, 267 in pregnancy, 14, 95 withdrawal management, 10 Snails, 176 Social attitudes, 2 Social learning, 2-3, 14, 196 Social signals, 223-225 Socioeconomic status, 79, 90, 92, 93 and epilepsy, 85 and schizophrenia, 81 Somatotropic hormone, 205 Spinal cord, 61-62 Spinal punctures, 248-249 Sports, 179, 180, 219 Steroids, 1, 5-7, 183-184, 193, 205, 208-222, 246 anabolic, 7, 211, 220, 228 Stilbestrol, 214 Stimulants, 9, 270 Stress, 225-226 and hormonal levels, 7, 8 and serotonin levels, 7, 10 studies of, 179 Sugar consumption, 16- 17, 520-531 and hyperactivity, 519, 520, 527-531 research needs, 526-527 see also Hypoglycemia Suicide, 256, 261, 271 Surgery castration, 214 on hormonal glands, 185, 192 see also Psychosurgery Surveys, 97 Sweden, 36-38 T Tamarinds, 197 Tamoxifen, 212, 216 Tardive dyskinesias, 270, 271 Temper tantrums, 277, 278 Temperament, 2 Testosterone, 5-7, 189, 194, 195-197, 205, 206, 211, 216, 217, 219, 222 Thioridazine, 270 Thioxanthines, 269 Thyroid, 184, 205 Tobacco use, in pregnancy, 14, 95

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From page 549...

... INDEX / 549 Tomography, see Computerized tomography; Positron emission tomography Tourette's syndrome, 247 Toxemic pregnancies, 197 Treatment interventions, 87-90 Tricyclics, 271, 272, 273 Twin studies, 3, 27, 29, 30-31, 32-34, 39, 41, 42, 45, 49 standardization of, 46 "Twinkle defense," 520-521 U Unique environmental variance, 22-23 United Kingdom, 226 Unverricht and Lundborg myoclonus epilepsy, 24 Urban areas, 44, 45 Urine samples, 248 V Verbal abilities and deficits, 13-14 Vertical environmental transmission, 23 W "Wandering tendency," 88 White, Dan, 520-521 Winning, 7, 219-220 Withdrawal states, 10 X X-linked disorders, 24 XYY syndrome, 24, 26

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Index Pages 541-549

Index
Pages 541-549