Toward Infrastructure Improvement An Agenda for Research (1994) / Chapter Skim
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Condition Assessment and Monitoring Technology
Condition Assessment and Monitoring Technology
Pages 63-72
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From page 63... ...
However, these costs are typically much lower than those incurred when service deteriorates or fails. Concerns about various components of the infrastructure have traditionally made for a piecemeal approach to research, development, maintenance, and rehabilitation, but resource constraints and subsystem interactions mandate the more global system-wide view that underlies this study.
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From page 64... ...
development of better ways to monitor environmental factors and manage by-products or residuals of infrastructure operation. NONDISRUPTIVE, NONDESTRUCTIVE, CONDITION-MONITORING TECHNIQUES Nondestructive evaluation of the entire infrastructure is a key element in the effective management to insure maximum benefits to users and minimum costs to owners.
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From page 65... ...
For the infrastructure, subsurface environment may be distinguished at two different scales: "near-surface," typically within 5 meters of the ground surface, or "conventional depth," encompassing soil, groundwater, bedrock, and underground structures within the zone of influence associated with particular construction activities. The near-surface zone contains the pavement, most buried utilities, and relatively shallow underground structures.
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From page 66... ...
These methods are used for in situ soil and rock testing and to recover soil and rock samples for laboratory assessment. Such in situ testing devices as cone penetrometers, pressuremeters, dilatometers, and vane-shear equipment, and geophysical methods such as seismic refraction and electrical resistivity are capable of delineating underground features at a relatively small scale and with moderate refinement, but substantial improvements could be made in accuracy and cost
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From page 67... ...
· How can Me degree of risk associated with aging, weakened, and abandoned infrastructures be assessed and evaluated? · Can protocols, storage and access systems, and financing arrangements be developed for centralized data repositories for complete site profiles (e.g., buried utilities, subsurface conditions, environmental hazards, and hydrologic conditions)
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From page 68... ...
Increasingly numerous and stringent environmental regulations have added new constraints to which infrastructure design and operation must respond. The primary concern addressed in these regulations is the residuals or waste products of infrastructure activities that influence air and water quality, energy consumption, and solid waste management (e.g., construction wastes and roadside rubbish)
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From page 69... ...
Some progress has been made in the search for alternative uses for this residual material, but many questions remain regarding how to increase the proportions of waste that can be used and whether products manufactured with sewage sludge as a constituent pose particular hazards.7 Typical research might explore instrumentation, data collection and analysis systems, and other tools needed to support cost-effective, long-term performance monitoring and assessment of paving blocks, vitrified blocks, and other products that incorporate sewage sludge.
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From page 70... ...
Chemical grouting involves injection of low-viscosity material, such as Portland cement or bentonite clay slurry, into porous soil and rock formations to strengthen or significantly reduce the permeability of the formation. 6Albedo is a scientific measure of the degree to which energy is reflected rather than absorbed.
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From page 72... ...
To improve the performance of these aging systems, new materials—using polyurethanes and anaerobic methacrylatesare being clevelopeJ by gas utility and chemical companies to seal leaking joints. Because of the scale of U.S.
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