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Effects of Past Global Change on Life (1995) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 129-129

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From page 129...
... At some point, sea ice began to expand across larger areas of the Arctic Ocean; GCM experiments show that its thickness and extent must have oscillated considerably in response to orbitally driven changes in insolation (Kutzbach and Gallimore, 1988~. Modeling studies also indicate that one critical effect of more extensive sea ice would have been to increase the intensity of winter outbreaks of polar air masses across east-central North America and the rate of extraction of heat from the western North Atlantic (Raymo et al., 1990~.
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Key Terms

  • north atlantic
  • ice sheets
  • sea ice


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