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From page 249... ... Acyclovir, for neonatal herpes simplex virus, 17~183 Adolescents, STDs in, 202-205 Aedes aegypti, as vector for dengue virus, 48, 49-52 Aedes albopictus, as vector for dengue virus, 52 Africa, population migration and HIV in, 79~6 African Americans blood groups and malaria in, 10 108 hypertension and malaria in, 101102 liver disease and malaria in, 103 Age of first sexual intercourse, 148-149, 195 and nosocomial infections, 114 of sexual maturation and marriage, 201 AIDS. See Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Read the entire page →
From page 250... ... diseases, 36-37 Deer, as animal host in Lyme disease, 2-4, 5, 10 Demographic transitions, and bacterial STDs, 199-200 Dengue fever clinical features of, 46 in developed world, 49 ecologic basis for, 49-52 epidemiology of, 4~45 history of epidemics of, 47-49 pathogenesis of, 46-47 prevention and control of, 57 second vector for, 52 transmission cycle of, 45-46 Dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) , 43 clinical features of, 46 emergence of, 4~49 pathogenesis of, 46-47 Dengue virus evolution of, 55-57 genetic variations in, 5~55, 56-57 lymphotropism of, 56 virulence of, 54-55 Read the entire page →
From page 251... ... Diagnostic tests, for Lyme disease, 8-9 Diarrheal diseases breast-feeding and, 33 cash crop production and, 3~34 commercialization of food production and food service and, 34 36 day-care centers and, 3~37 in developing areas, 32-34 importation of foods and, 36 in industrialized areas, 32, 34 37 institutionalization of aged and, 37 international travel and, 37 urbanization and, 32-33 wars and political upheaveals and, HA Diphtheria pertussis tetanus (DPT) vaccine, 238, 239 Douching, and STDs, 150, 151 Drug resistance of gonorrhea, 145 of nosocomial infections, 119-131 of tuberculosis, 13~139 Drug users hepatitis B in, 63 64 hepatitis D in, 68 HIV in, 90 STDs in, 150 Dry sex, and STDs, 149 Duffy blood group system, and malaria, 10~107 E Ecology, effects on infectious diseases .. Read the entire page →
From page 252... ... Human ecology, effects on infectious diseases of, vii-viii, ix Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Africa, 7~86 bacterial STDs and, 189-191, 214 behavioral personal environment of, 148-151 changing patterns of, 142-143 factors associated with dissemination of, 93-94 global distribution of, 77, 78 and hepatitis, 63-64 and human papillomavirus, 16 161 population migration and, 77-94 population shifts of, 142-143 prevention of, 15~154 and restrictions on travel, 92 sociocultural macroenvironment of, 151-153 in Southeast Asia, 89-92 and tuberculosis, 138-139 type 1 in the Americas, 87-89 global distribution of, 78 in Uganda, 81-82 urbanization and, 81 type 2 vs. Read the entire page →
From page 253... ... , as vaccine for gonorrhea, 222-223 Liver disease, and malaria, 102-103 Lyme disease chronic fatigue or fibromyalgia following, 7 clinical picture of, ~7 diagnostic tests for, 8-9 epidemiology of, (5 evolution of environment and, 3-4 historical background of, 1-2 misdiagnosis of chronic, 7-8 prevention of, 10 prophylaxis for, 10 treatment of, 9 vaccine for, 10 vector and animal hosts for, 2-3 M Macroenvironment, of STDs, 151-153 Macrolides, resistance to, 123 Major outer membrane protein (MOMP) , as vaccine for chlamydia, 22~227 Malaria blood groups and, 10~108 hemoglobin S and, 100 HLA locus and, 103-105 hypertension and, 101-102 iron overload and, 102-103 mortality from, 10~101 as selective force in evolution, 10 101 Marriage, age of, 201 Measles mumps rubella (MMR) Read the entire page →
From page 254... ... disease, 34 and STDs, 153 Population migration and bacterial STDs, 199 defined, 79 and HIV, 77-94 For, as vaccine for gonorrhea, 21 221, 223 Portugal, HIV in, 87 Poverty, and STDs, 152-153 Pregnancy cytomegalovirus during, 26, 27 teen, and STDs, 203 Premarital sexual activity, and STDs, 148, 195 Prevention of dengue, 57 of Lyme disease, 10 of neonatal herpes simplex virus, 182-184 of STDs, 153-154 Prophylaxis for Lyme disease, 10 for neonatal herpes simplex virus, 182-183 Prostitution, and HIV, 82-83, 86, 89, 90 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, nosocomial infection with, 119 R Rifampin, resistance to, 122 Ring vaccination, 242 S Salmonella enteritidis, and commercialization of food production, 34-35 Salt retention, and malaria, 101-102 Sanitation, and hepatitis A, 61 Search and containment, 242 Read the entire page →
From page 255... ... in adolescents, 202-205 bacterial age of sexual maturation and marriage and, 201 child abuse and neglect and, 203 cocaine use and, 20~205 complications and sequelae of, 205-206 crowding and, 198 demographic transitions and, 199-201 economic development and, 197 geography and, 198 health services and, 192-194 and HIV, 189-191, 214 hygiene and, 198 migration and, 199 oral contraceptives and, 205 prevalence of, 189, 190 risk of, 206-207 social and economic develop ment policies and, 202 Syphilis "socio-geographic space" and, 19~199 teen pregnancy and, 203 travel and, 199 vaccines for, 213-228 violence and, 203-205 war and, 199 behavioral personal environment of, 148-151 changing patterns of, 141-146 efficiency of transmission of, 196 197 environmental changes affecting, 14~153 epidemiologic models of, 191-192 physiological microenvironment of, 147-148 prevention programs for, 153-154 sexual behavior and, 148-151, 194196 sociocultural macroenvironment of, 151-153 Sexual maturation, age of, 201 Sexual partners, number of, 149 Shigella spp., diarrhea! diseases due to, 36-37 Smallpox vaccine, 241-242 Sociocultural macroenvironment, of STDS, 151-153 "Socio-geographic space," and bacterial STDs, 198-199 Staphylococci, coagulase-negative antimicrobial resistance of, 121-123 nosocomial infection with, 118, 119 Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic resistance in, 116-117, 119-121 nosocomial infection with, 118, 119 Staphylococcus epidermidis, antimicrobial resistance of, 122 STDs. Read the entire page →
From page 256... ... 62, 64 for human papillomavirus, 161-166 ideal, 23~236 for Lyme disease, 10 for prevention of neonatal herpes simplex virus, 18~184 protection through, 23~237 results with current, 238-241 ring, 242 for syphilis, 21~217 Vaginal douching, and STDs, 150, 151 Vancomycin, resistance to, 12~124, 12~128 Vector for dengue, 49-52 for Lyme disease, 2-3, 10 Vibrio cholerae, 37-38 Vidarabine, for neonatal herpes simplex virus, 178-180 Violence, and STDs, 20~205 Virulence, of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 197 W Wars and bacterial STDs, 199 and diarrhea! disease, 34 Waterborne infection, with hepatitis E, 69 West Africa HIV-2 and, 8~86 HIV-2 outside of, 86-87 y Yaws, 198 Zaire, HIV in, 81 z Read the entire page →

From page 249...

... Acyclovir, for neonatal herpes simplex virus, 17~183 Adolescents, STDs in, 202-205 Aedes aegypti, as vector for dengue virus, 48, 49-52 Aedes albopictus, as vector for dengue virus, 52 Africa, population migration and HIV in, 79~6 African Americans blood groups and malaria in, 10 108 hypertension and malaria in, 101102 liver disease and malaria in, 103 Age of first sexual intercourse, 148-149, 195 and nosocomial infections, 114 of sexual maturation and marriage, 201 AIDS. See Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Read the entire page →

From page 250...

... diseases, 36-37 Deer, as animal host in Lyme disease, 2-4, 5, 10 Demographic transitions, and bacterial STDs, 199-200 Dengue fever clinical features of, 46 in developed world, 49 ecologic basis for, 49-52 epidemiology of, 4~45 history of epidemics of, 47-49 pathogenesis of, 46-47 prevention and control of, 57 second vector for, 52 transmission cycle of, 45-46 Dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS) , 43 clinical features of, 46 emergence of, 4~49 pathogenesis of, 46-47 Dengue virus evolution of, 55-57 genetic variations in, 5~55, 56-57 lymphotropism of, 56 virulence of, 54-55

Read the entire page →

From page 251...

... Diagnostic tests, for Lyme disease, 8-9 Diarrheal diseases breast-feeding and, 33 cash crop production and, 3~34 commercialization of food production and food service and, 34 36 day-care centers and, 3~37 in developing areas, 32-34 importation of foods and, 36 in industrialized areas, 32, 34 37 institutionalization of aged and, 37 international travel and, 37 urbanization and, 32-33 wars and political upheaveals and, HA Diphtheria pertussis tetanus (DPT) vaccine, 238, 239 Douching, and STDs, 150, 151 Drug resistance of gonorrhea, 145 of nosocomial infections, 119-131 of tuberculosis, 13~139 Drug users hepatitis B in, 63 64 hepatitis D in, 68 HIV in, 90 STDs in, 150 Dry sex, and STDs, 149 Duffy blood group system, and malaria, 10~107 E Ecology, effects on infectious diseases ..

Read the entire page →

From page 252...

... Human ecology, effects on infectious diseases of, vii-viii, ix Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Africa, 7~86 bacterial STDs and, 189-191, 214 behavioral personal environment of, 148-151 changing patterns of, 142-143 factors associated with dissemination of, 93-94 global distribution of, 77, 78 and hepatitis, 63-64 and human papillomavirus, 16 161 population migration and, 77-94 population shifts of, 142-143 prevention of, 15~154 and restrictions on travel, 92 sociocultural macroenvironment of, 151-153 in Southeast Asia, 89-92 and tuberculosis, 138-139 type 1 in the Americas, 87-89 global distribution of, 78 in Uganda, 81-82 urbanization and, 81 type 2 vs.

Read the entire page →

From page 253...

... , as vaccine for gonorrhea, 222-223 Liver disease, and malaria, 102-103 Lyme disease chronic fatigue or fibromyalgia following, 7 clinical picture of, ~7 diagnostic tests for, 8-9 epidemiology of, (5 evolution of environment and, 3-4 historical background of, 1-2 misdiagnosis of chronic, 7-8 prevention of, 10 prophylaxis for, 10 treatment of, 9 vaccine for, 10 vector and animal hosts for, 2-3 M Macroenvironment, of STDs, 151-153 Macrolides, resistance to, 123 Major outer membrane protein (MOMP) , as vaccine for chlamydia, 22~227 Malaria blood groups and, 10~108 hemoglobin S and, 100 HLA locus and, 103-105 hypertension and, 101-102 iron overload and, 102-103 mortality from, 10~101 as selective force in evolution, 10 101 Marriage, age of, 201 Measles mumps rubella (MMR)

Read the entire page →

From page 254...

... disease, 34 and STDs, 153 Population migration and bacterial STDs, 199 defined, 79 and HIV, 77-94 For, as vaccine for gonorrhea, 21 221, 223 Portugal, HIV in, 87 Poverty, and STDs, 152-153 Pregnancy cytomegalovirus during, 26, 27 teen, and STDs, 203 Premarital sexual activity, and STDs, 148, 195 Prevention of dengue, 57 of Lyme disease, 10 of neonatal herpes simplex virus, 182-184 of STDs, 153-154 Prophylaxis for Lyme disease, 10 for neonatal herpes simplex virus, 182-183 Prostitution, and HIV, 82-83, 86, 89, 90 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, nosocomial infection with, 119 R Rifampin, resistance to, 122 Ring vaccination, 242 S Salmonella enteritidis, and commercialization of food production, 34-35 Salt retention, and malaria, 101-102 Sanitation, and hepatitis A, 61 Search and containment, 242

Read the entire page →

From page 255...

... in adolescents, 202-205 bacterial age of sexual maturation and marriage and, 201 child abuse and neglect and, 203 cocaine use and, 20~205 complications and sequelae of, 205-206 crowding and, 198 demographic transitions and, 199-201 economic development and, 197 geography and, 198 health services and, 192-194 and HIV, 189-191, 214 hygiene and, 198 migration and, 199 oral contraceptives and, 205 prevalence of, 189, 190 risk of, 206-207 social and economic develop ment policies and, 202 Syphilis "socio-geographic space" and, 19~199 teen pregnancy and, 203 travel and, 199 vaccines for, 213-228 violence and, 203-205 war and, 199 behavioral personal environment of, 148-151 changing patterns of, 141-146 efficiency of transmission of, 196 197 environmental changes affecting, 14~153 epidemiologic models of, 191-192 physiological microenvironment of, 147-148 prevention programs for, 153-154 sexual behavior and, 148-151, 194196 sociocultural macroenvironment of, 151-153 Sexual maturation, age of, 201 Sexual partners, number of, 149 Shigella spp., diarrhea! diseases due to, 36-37 Smallpox vaccine, 241-242 Sociocultural macroenvironment, of STDS, 151-153 "Socio-geographic space," and bacterial STDs, 198-199 Staphylococci, coagulase-negative antimicrobial resistance of, 121-123 nosocomial infection with, 118, 119 Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic resistance in, 116-117, 119-121 nosocomial infection with, 118, 119 Staphylococcus epidermidis, antimicrobial resistance of, 122 STDs.

Read the entire page →

From page 256...

... 62, 64 for human papillomavirus, 161-166 ideal, 23~236 for Lyme disease, 10 for prevention of neonatal herpes simplex virus, 18~184 protection through, 23~237 results with current, 238-241 ring, 242 for syphilis, 21~217 Vaginal douching, and STDs, 150, 151 Vancomycin, resistance to, 12~124, 12~128 Vector for dengue, 49-52 for Lyme disease, 2-3, 10 Vibrio cholerae, 37-38 Vidarabine, for neonatal herpes simplex virus, 178-180 Violence, and STDs, 20~205 Virulence, of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 197 W Wars and bacterial STDs, 199 and diarrhea! disease, 34 Waterborne infection, with hepatitis E, 69 West Africa HIV-2 and, 8~86 HIV-2 outside of, 86-87 y Yaws, 198 Zaire, HIV in, 81 z

Read the entire page →

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Index Pages 249-256

Index
Pages 249-256