Biographical Memoirs Volume 67 (1995) / Chapter Skim
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David Rockwell Goddard
David Rockwell Goddard
Pages 178-199
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, the pioneer investigator of rocket propuision; to Maurice Goddard, who as a Tongterm Pennsylvania state official was a leader in environmental matters (Department of Environmental Resources)
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After teaching school in Indiana and Kansas, Pliny married Alice Rockwell, a fellow teacher, and was sent by the Society of Friends as a lay missionary to the Indians of the Hoopa Valley in northern California. There he made a study of the Hupa Indian culture.
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This, his first trip across the continent, was an exciting and educational experience. Goddard found Berkeley a "wonderful place for an independent and self-reliant student," where he quickly got to know many faculty members, such as Alfred Kroeber and Robert Lowie, friends of his father in the anthropology department.
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degree. He kept up his friendship with the faculty members he had known as an undergraduate and added those of Charles l.ipman, a plant physiologist; Paul Kirk in biochemistry; Harold Blum and Sherburne Cook in physiology; Victor Lenzen in physics; and A
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There he assimilated Michaelis's concept that the oxidation of organic compounds occurs in single electron steps (semiquinones) and later published a landmark paper with James LuValle that laid the foundation for what are now known as free radical reactions in biology.
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compounds became the basic ingredients of the permanent wave solutions used in quantity in the cosmetics industry. On more than one occasion proposals were made to Goddard that he apply for a patent to protect this application.
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Some of this work was carried out during two summers at the Woods Hole Biological Laboratory. In a short-lived flier into a quite different field Goddard spent part of the year 1941-42 on a Guggenheim fellowship with Edward Adolph studying water and salt balance for man at the Desert Training Center at Indio, California.
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Two important and ~dely cited reviews, one a chapter in Hober's Physical Chemistry of Cells and Tissues, the other written with LuValle in 194S, served to clarify Goddard's own understanding of the intermediate stages of respiration and to make his name well known in the oxygen consumption of plant tissues. In all this work Goddard's broad biological approach, rather than a narrowly botanical, zoological, or medical one, is evident.
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At Penn Goddard continued his research interest in cellular respiration. He and Constance Holden isolatecl cytochrome oxidase from potato tubers showing that it is distinct from the tyrosinase that is very active there and is photoreversibly inhibited by CO.
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In the root growth studies, data on respiration of the roots was obtained, which with the growth data would have allowed estimates of the energetic requirement of growth and developmental processes. But this analysis could not be completed without Goddard's participation.
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In addition to those mentioned above, appointments macle soon after the division was set up were: Allen Brown, plant physiology; Paul Green, plant development; Sidney Roclenberg, microbiology; William Telfer, animal embryology; Robert MacArthur, ecology; Alan Epstein, animal nutrition; Vince Dethier, animal behavior, en c! others.
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Quoting Eliot Stellar, his successor as provost, "His personal scholarship, his values of independent thought and academic freedom, his dedication to the highest standards of academic excellence, his warm and affectionate spirit, ant! his sterling qualities of leadership all had a chance to express themselves in one of the greatest nine-year periods the University of Pennsylvania has known.
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Despite urging by many students and faculty that the university should take a stand on the Vietnam issue, the position of the administration was to remain unaligned so as to preserve personal academic freedom. As provost, Goddard was often asked to address various groups concerned with academic policy, and he expressed the theme of many of these addresses in a talk before the American Philosophical Society in April 1971: "Universities serve society best by being centers of free inquiry, where conclusions are openly arrived at, and where there is a receptivity to new ideas" (Science 173:607-10~.
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He was president of the American Society of Plant Physiologists in ~ 958; eclitor-in-chief, then associate editor, of Plant Physiology (1953-63~; and recipient of the society's Stephen Hales Medal in 1948. He served on the Board of Directors of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1963-68~; was president of the Society of General Physiologists (1948~; and was president of the Society for the Study of Growth and Development (1953~.
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His work with Leonor Michaelis at the Rockefeller Institute (1933-35) was supported by a National Research Council fellowship.
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A biographical memoir of Goddard by Eliot Stellar was published by the American Philosophical Society.
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29:1009-11. The reversible heat activation inducing germination and increased respiration in the ascospores of Neurospora tetrasperma.
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The oxygen consumption of isolated woody tissues.
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An improved electrical conductivity method for accurately following changes in the respiratory quotient of a single biological sample. Plant Physiol 27:70-80.
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Studies on the inhibitor resistant respiration of the fungus Myrothecium verrucaria. Plant Physiol.
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In Year Book of the American Philosophical Society, pp.
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