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2 Geographic and Socioeconomic Setting
Pages 9-29

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From page 9... ... Senegal is a relatively flat country and exhibits few pronounced topographical features, although the southeastern part of the country, on the Guinean border, contains small massifs. The climate varies greatly between the northern and southern portions of the country. Read the entire page →
From page 10... ... As early as the tenth century, the people of Senegal had links with Arab traders from North Africa. In the following century, Islam entered Senegal, and to this day it remains the predominant religion. Read the entire page →
From page 11... ... 1-~ 3' GEOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC SETTING 11 Senegal ~ =_~ ~ ,: _eq~ _; _~ O Dakar 1 Dakar 2 Pikine 3 Rufisque Thies 4 Tivaouane 5 Thies 6 Mbour Diourbel 7 Bambey 8 Diourbel 9 Mbacke O Louga 1 0 Kebemer 1 1 Louga 1 2 Linguere ) Saint-Louis 1 3 Dagana 1 4 Podor 1 5 Matam Tambacounda 16 Tambacounda 17 Bakel 1 8 Kedougou Kolda 1 9 Sedhiou 20 Kolda 21 Velingara Ziguinchor 22 Bignona 23 Oussouye 24 Ziguinchor O Kaolack 25 Kaolack 26 Kaffrine 27 Nioro du Rip Fatick 28 Foundiougne 29 Fatick 30 Gossas FIGURE 2-2 Administrative divisions in Senegal. Read the entire page →
From page 12... ... By the beginning of the twentieth century, France had control of much of western Africa; this area became known as French West Africa in 1895. There are virtually no demographic data available for Senegal from this period. Read the entire page →
From page 13... ... Gross primary school enrollment rose from 27 percent in 1960 to 53 percent in 1983. Although girls still lag far behind boys, their gross primary enrollment ratios rose impressively from 18 percent in 1960 to 42 percent in 1983; the comparable figures for boys were 37 and 63 percent, respectively (World Bank, 1988~. Read the entire page →
From page 14... ... helped produce a short-lived boom in the mid1970s, followed by a deterioration in 1978-1981 due in large part to drought and the rapid increase in oil prices (Montalieu and Plane, 1993~. While overall GDP growth has been weak since the 1960s, there has been an increase through most of the period in public-sector expenditures, private consumption, and import) Read the entire page →
From page 15... ... . Since 1986, as part of the adjustment program discussed above, the country has announced new agricultural policies intended to free prices, liberalize markets, and eliminate subsidies for inputs such as fertilizers. Read the entire page →
From page 18... ... Manufacturing consists mainly of food and agricultural processing (groundnut oil mills, sugar mills, seafood processing) , textiles, and petroleum products. Read the entire page →
From page 19... ... In 1986, there were 173,000 workers in the "modern private sector," compared with 537,000 in the "informal sector," mainly in services and retail trade (Barro, 19911. Dependency, External Shocks, and Adjustment In the years following World War II and for a time after independence, Senegal's exports expanded rapidly, and their structure changed as the proportion of manufacturing increased from 3 percent in 1965 to 22 percent in 1990 (Hugon, 1993~. Read the entire page →
From page 20... ... The goals of these reforms were to raise public savings, increase investment in the productive sector, liberalize trade, and reduce the government's role in the economy. Funds to implement the reforms were provided by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) Read the entire page →
From page 21... ... Earnings in the informal sector and subsistence farming, especially, are difficult to measure; most published studies refer only to earnings of formal-sector workers and cannot readily be generalized or compared over time. The gap between urban and rural incomes probably narrowed during the adjustment period. Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... 22 _ c~ ax � ~ _ ~ _ Ct C~ � _ 3 '~C s~ ~ 00 Ct _ oo oo o U Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... This section examines regional and departmental differences in six indicators of socioeconomic status, based on data from the 1988 census: percentage of the population aged 6 and older with some schooling; school enrollment rates for children aged 7-12; percentage of households obtaining their water supply from a faucet or standpipe, whether placed inside or outside the home; � percentage of households with electricity; percentage of households with toilets or latrines; and percentage of households whose houses have been built using good construction techniques.4 A final indicator, the arithmetic mean of the last four indicators, termed the "composite facilities indicator," provides a crude measure of overall living conditions by administrative department. These indicators are presented in Table 2-4. Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... bRunning water wither within the house or outside. CAverage of water, electricity, latrine, and good construction indicators. Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... GEOGRAPHIC AND SOCIOECONOMIC SETTING 25 Population School School Aged 6 and Enrollment Enrollment Population Older That Rate for Rate for Composite in Urban has had Some Males Aged Females Aged IndicatorC Areas Schooling 7- 12 7- 12 79 97 56 79 64 86 96 75 100 68 90 31 22 17 35 16 18 8 29 42 42 17 17 10 24 45 35 17 9 17 8 18 14 24 23 25 43 28 11 5 42 53 13 6 11 11 18 39 19 12 19 11 5 12 11 21 15 17 34 18 18 6 15 7 29 27 26 27 24 39 25 45 56 16 8 9 5 13 16 18 26 17 16 7 5 15 15 21 37 34 32 55 38 35 34 48 50 27 13 17 38 45 81 65 10 12 11 11 27 70 SOURCE: 1988 census (unpublished tables) Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... The quality of housing construction is better in urban than in rural areas (see Table 2-4~. The composite facilities indicator makes it possible to see the overall socioeconomic status of the regions (see Figure 2-61. Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... . ~ ._ FIGURE 2-5 Percentage of males and females aged 7-12 enrolled in school, Senegal, 1988. Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... In summary, geographic variations in socioeconomic status seem to be linked primarily to distance from the capital. Overall, the regions most distant from Dakar are those least densely populated, least urbanized, least developed, and with the lowest school-attendance rates. Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... 4. "Good construction" is the arithmetic mean of the percentage of households having cement brick walls; tiled or cement floors; and a concrete, zinc, tile, or slate roof. Read the entire page →

From page 9...

... Senegal is a relatively flat country and exhibits few pronounced topographical features, although the southeastern part of the country, on the Guinean border, contains small massifs. The climate varies greatly between the northern and southern portions of the country.

2 Geographic and Socioeconomic Setting Pages 9-29

2 Geographic and Socioeconomic Setting
Pages 9-29