Nuclear Wastes Technologies for Separations and Transmutation (1996) / Chapter Skim
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N GLOSSARY OF TERMS
N GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Pages 485-508
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alpha-bearing waste Waste containing one or more alpha emitting radionuclides, usually actinides, in quantities above acceptable limits for uncontrolled release. The limits are established by the national regulatory body.
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From page 486... ...
area survey The first stage of siting a waste repository, during which a broad area is examined to eliminate obviously unsuitable regions and to identifier other regions that may contain suitable sites. argillaceous A term applied to all rocks and substances composed of clay or having a notable proportion of clay in their composition.
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From page 487... ...
buffer material Any substance, Dequently a natural clay, placed around a waste container in a repository. Often, a primary purpose of such material is to serve as an additional barrier to prevent water from contacting the waste container and, by adsorption, to reduce the rate of radionuclide migration from the waste into the repository.
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It provides chemical, nuclear, and radiological protection and dissipates heat generated by radioactive decay. cement A standard material used by the construction industry that has many uses in waste management because of its low cost and ease of handling.
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From page 489... ...
cold testing Testing of method, process, apparatus, or instrumentation with the highly radioactive materials replaced by nonradioactive materials or materials that may contain radioactive tracers. competent authority An authority designated or otherwise recognized by a government for specific purposes in connection with radiation protection or nuclear safety.
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From page 490... ...
controlled area An area where workers might receive doses in excess of three-tenths of the occupational dose equivalent limits during the anticipated working period and where appropriate controls (such as restricted access, individual assessment of dose, and special health supervisions are accordingly applied. critical group For a given radiation source, the members of the public whose exposure is reasonably homogeneous and is typical of individuals receiving the highest effective dose equivalent or dose equivalent (whichever is relevant)
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From page 491... ...
In waste processing, this parameter is used to predict the effectiveness of separation methods such as solvent extraction, ion exchange, or gas scrubbing. In environmental studies, the quantity is sometimes used to predict how soils or backfill materials can retard radionuclide movement.
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They may also provide for extracting heat of radioactive decay from the waste. entombment decommissioning Placement of radioactive wastes and stricture materials within an entombment structure (often comprising a portion of the existing production structure)
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From page 493... ...
In underground repositories, Dactures are of concern as possible paths for water flow and radionuclide migration. front end of the fuel cycle Mining, me ng, enrichment, and fabrication of nuclear finely sometimes irradiation in reactors is included.
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. The time necessary for a radioactive material in a living organism to be reduced to one-half of its initial value by a combination of biological elimination and radioactive decay is termed effective half-life.
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subsequent action involving treatment, transport, and disposal or reprocessing is expected. intermediat - level waste; medium-level waste Waste of a lower activity level and heat output than high-level waste' but which still requires shielding during handling and transportation.
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From page 496... ...
(2) The term is often used in waste management to describe the gradual dissolution/erosion of emplaced solid waste or chemicals therefrom, or the removal of sorbed material Tom the surface of a solid or porous bed.
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From page 497... ...
Such reactors are known as "Magnox reactors. " matrix In waste management, a nonradioactive material used to immobilize radioactive waste in a monolithic structure.
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From page 498... ...
Operational period The period during which a nuclear facility is being used for its intended purpose after which it is shut down and decommissioned. Operations, waste management Broad classification of waste management activities in terms of their hasic filnc~tion (e waste storage, treatment, transportation, or disposal)
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From page 499... ...
postsealing period The period after a waste repository has been shut down and sealed. preliminary site selection The second stage of siting a waste repository, during which a manageable number of potentially suitable sites is examined, using existing information or information Tom limited explorations, to determine whether one or more regions contain sites suitable for additional site confirmation studies.
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From page 500... ...
primary waste As-generated form and quantity of a waste. quality assurance , A, Planned and systematic actions aimed at providing adequate confidence that an item of a facility wait perform satisfactorily in service.
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From page 501... ...
. This specific term does not refer to the intentional transportation of radioactive materials by man (e.g., transportation of nuclear wastes in transport casks, etc.~.
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From page 502... ...
These dry, stable formations are considered to be good hosts for deep underground waste repositories. salt dome A dome-like salt structure resulting Dom the upward movement of a salt mine.
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From page 503... ...
shipping cask (transport cask) A heavy protective container that shields and contains radioactive materials, dissipates heat, and prevents criticality during transport and handling.
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From page 504... ...
The type of waste to be emplaced and the proposed repository design are of importance in this assessment.siting The process of selecting a suitable site for an installation, including appropriate assessment and definition of the related design bases. solidified waste, radioactive Liquid waste or otherwise mobile waste materials (ion exchange resins, etc.)
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From page 505... ...
In a deep geological repository, the thermal gradient produced by radioactive decay heat can potentially alter the host rock and water-flow paths. thermal loading The quality of heat-generating materials placed in a given area or volume; units are power per area or per volume, respectively.
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From page 506... ...
. tuff One of a series of pyrocIastic rocks composed of consolidated ash from fragmental volcanic material blown into the atmosphere by volcanic activity underground disposal Disposal of waste at an appropriate depth below the ground surface.
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From page 507... ...
In concentration processes, the factor is greater than one, in dilution systems, the factor is less than one. · ~ waste ar~s~ngs Radioactive wastes generated by any stage in the nuclear filed cycle and by any other activity dealing with radioactive materials.
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Key Terms
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