Coal Energy for the Future (1995) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
APPENDIXES
APPENDIXES
Pages 223-270
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 223... ...
EPACT further requires the Secretary to submit reports to the Congress on the program, including a plan for Research, Development, Demonstration, and Commercial Application (RDD&C) to meet the objectives defined in Title XIII, Section 1301.
|
From page 224... ...
: Section 1321: Additional Clean Coal Technology Solicitations Subtitle C: Other Coal Provisions: Section 1332: Innovative Clean Coal Technology Transfer Program; Section 1336: Coal Fuel Mixtures; -Section 1337: National Clearinghouse. TITLE XX GENERAL PROVISIONS; REDUCTION OF OIL VULNERABILITY Subtitle A: Oil and Gas Supply Enhancement: Section 2013: Natural Gas Supply Subsections dealing with surface gasification of coal, and cofiring of natural gas and coal.
|
From page 225... ...
- Subparagraph c(3~: Recommendations regarding the manner in which any ongoing coal-based demonstration and commercial application program might be modified and extended to ensure the timely demonstrations of advanced coal-based technologies. Subparagraph c(4~: Recommendations, if any, regarding the manner in which the cost sharing demonstrations conducted pursuant to the Clean Coal Program established by Public Law 98-473 might be modified and extended in order to ensure the timely demonstration of advanced coalbased technologies.
|
From page 226... ...
, c(4) , and c(5~: As part of this task, DOE's Office of Fossil Energy will provide the committee early in the study with the Office's own, strategically focused descriptions of its ongoing research, development, demonstration, and commercial application activities, and the listing and analysis of current government regulatory and financial incentives described in subparagraphs cell and c(2)
|
From page 227... ...
PROJECT DESCRIPTION 227 appropriate, other public and private sector organizations that have an interest in the DOE coal program. The meeting will be directed at a critical assessment of the current DOE coal program and areas in EPACT identified above for which the DOE is seeking programmatic objectives and priorities.
|
From page 228... ...
Such research, development, demonstration, and commercial application programs shall include the programs established under this subtitle, and shall have the goals and objectives of (1) ensuring a reliable electricity supply; (2)
|
From page 229... ...
(1) In selecting either a demonstration project or a commercial application project for financial assistance under this subtitle, the Secretary shall seek to ensure that, relative to otherwise comparable commercially available technologies or products, the selected project will meet one or more of the following criteria: (AJ It will reduce environmental emissions to an extent greater than required by applicable provisions of law.
|
From page 230... ...
649 Recommendations, if any, regard ing the manner in which the cost sharing demonstrations conducted pursuant to the Clean Coal Program established by Public Law 98-4 73 might be modified and extended in order to ensure the timely demonstration of ad vanced coal-based technologies. 65J A detailed plan for conducting the research, development, demonstration, and commercial application programs to achieve the goals and objectives of subsection (a)
|
From page 231... ...
CLEAN COAL, WASTE-TO-ENERGY. The Secretary shall establish a program of research, development, demonstration, and commercial application with respect to the use of solid waste combined with coal as a fuel source for clean coal combustion technologies.
|
From page 232... ...
The objectives of such program shall be to achieve (1J the timely commercial application of technologies, including mild gasification, hydrocracking and other hydropyrolysis processes, and other energy production processes or systems to prod uce coal-derived fuels and coprod ucts, which achieve greater efficiency and economy in the conversion of coal to electrical energy and coproducts than currently available technologY; 629 the production of energy, fuels, and products which, on a complete energy system basis, will result in environmental emissions no greater than those produced by existing comparable energy systems utilized for the same purpose; 639 the capability to produce a range of coal-derived transportation fuels, includ ing oxygenated hyd rocarbons, boiler fuels, turbine fuels, and coproducts, which can reduce dependence on imported oil by displacing conventional petroleum in the transportation sector and other sectors of the economy; 649 reduction in the cost of producing such coal-derived fuels and coproducts; 659 the control of emissions from the combustion of coal-derived fuels; and 669 the availability for commercial use of such technologies by the year 2000.
|
From page 233... ...
(a) The Secretary shall establish a research, development, demonstration, and commercial application program on metallurgical coal utilization for the purpose of developing techniques that will lead to the greater and more efficient utilization of the Nation's metallurgical coal resources.
|
From page 234... ...
(at PROGRAM. The Secretary shall conduct a research, development, demonstration, and commercial application program for underground coal gasification technology for in-situ conversion of coal to a cleaner burning, easily transportable gaseous fuel.
|
From page 235... ...
CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY EXPORT PROMOTION AND INTERA GENCY COORDINA TION. (Al ESTABLISHMENT.-There shall be established within the Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee (established by the President on May 23, 1990, a Clean Coal Technology Subgroup (in this subtitle referred to as the "CCT Subgroup")
|
From page 236... ...
to support prefeasibility and feasibility studies for projects that will utilize clean coal technologies, and (BJ loan guarantee programs, grants, and no interest and low interest loans designed to facilitate access to cap ital and credit in order to finance such clean coal technolo gy projects; 639 develop and ensure the execution of programs, including the establishment of financial incentives, to encourage and support private sector efforts in exports of clean coal technologies that are developed, manufactured, or controlled by United States firms; 649 encourage the training in, and understanding of, clean coal technologies by representatives of foreign companies or countries intending to use coal or clean coal technologies by providing technical or financial support for training programs, workshops, and other ed ucational programs sponsored by United States firms; 659 educate loan officers and other officers of international lend ing institutions, commercial and energy attaches of the United States, and such other personnel as the CCT Subgroup considers appropriate, for the purposes of providing information about clean coal technologies to foreign governments or potential project sponsors of clean coal technology projects; 66) develop policies and practices to be conducted by commercial and energy attaches of the United States, and such other personnel as the CCT Subgroup considers appropriate, in order to promote the exports of clean coal technologies to those countries interested in or intending to utilize coal resources (79 augment budgets for trade and development programs supported by Federal agencies for the purpose of financially supporting prefeasibility or feasibility studies for projects in foreign countries that will utilize clean coal technologies;
|
From page 237... ...
an\objective comparison of the environmental, energy, and economic performance of each clean coal technology relative to conventional technologies; (F) a list of United States vendors of clean coal technologies; and (GJ answers to commonly asked questions about clean coal technologies, The Secretary, acting through the CCT Subgroup, shall make such information available to the House of Representatives and the Senate, and to the appropriate committees of each House of Congress, industry, Federal and international financing organizations, nongovernmental organizations, potential customers abroad, govern 237
|
From page 238... ...
As a part of the plan required by this subsection, the Secretary, acting through the CCT Subgroup, shall specifically address the adequacy of financial assistance available from Federal departments and agencies and international financing organizations to aid in the financing of prefeasibility and feasibility studies and projects that would use a clean coal technology in developing countries and countries making the transition from nonmarket to market economies.
|
From page 239... ...
, the Secretary, through the Agency for International Development, shall (A) establish appropriate financial mechanisms to increase the participation of United States firms in energy projects utilizing United States clean coal technologies, and services related thereto, in developing countries and countries making the transition from nonmarket to market economies; (BJ utilize available financial assistance authorized by this section to counterbalance assistance provided by foreign governments to non-United States firms; and (C)
|
From page 240... ...
utilized to assist United States firms to develop innova tive financing packages for clean coal technology projects that seek to utilize other financial assistance programs available through other Federal agencies. 639 United States obligations under the Arrangement on Guidelines for Officially Supported Export Credits established through the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development shall be applicable to this section.
|
From page 241... ...
the ability of the United States firm, in cooperation with the host country, to undertake and complete the project; (BJ the degree to which the equipment to be included in the project is designed and manufactured in the United States; (C) the long-term technical and competitive viability of the United States technology, and services related thereto, and the ability of the United States firm to compete in the development of additional energy projects using such technology in the host country and in other foreign countries; (D)
|
From page 242... ...
1333. CONVENTIONAL COAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER If the Secretary determines that the utilization of a clean coal technology is not practicable for a proposed project and that a United States conventional coal technology would constitute a substantial improvement in efficiency, costs, and environmental performance relative to the technology being used in a developing country or country making the transition from nonmarket to market economies, with significant indigenous coal resources, such technology shall.
|
From page 243... ...
CALCULATION OF A VOIDED COST. Nothing in section 210 of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 (Public Law 95-617J requires a State regulatory authority or nonregulated electric utility to treat a cost reasonably identified to be incurred or to have been incurred in the construction or operation of a facility or a project which has been selected by the Department of Energy and provided Federal funding pursuant to the Clean Coal Program authorized by Public Law 98-473 as an incremental cost of alternative electric energy.
|
From page 244... ...
encouraging, during the testing of technologies, the use of coal from a variety of domestic sources, and collecting or developing, or both, complete listings of test results using coals from all sources; (H) establishing and maintaining an index or compilation of research projects relating to clean coal technology carried out throughout the world; and (I)
|
From page 245... ...
629 FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE. The Secretary shall enter into agreements with, and provide financial assistance to, appropriate parties for application of coloring technologies to boilers to demonstrate this technology.
|
From page 246... ...
APPENDIX CDOE Budget Data DOE Fossil Energy Coal R&D Budget, FY 1976 through FY 1994 Activity FY 1976 FY 1977 FY 1978 FY 1979 Coal 310,598 Coal Liquefaction 103,000107,400197,426 Surface Coal Gasification 94,506193,900164,598 Advanced Power Systems 22,50025,70026,900 Direct Combustion 51,91660,40051,701 Advanced Research and Technology Development 44,13549,90064,551 Demonstration Plants 53,00044,900 Magnetohydrodynamics 40,00070,50080,000 In Situ Gasification 8,23612,600 Mining R&D 75,836 Advanced Environmental Control Technologies 7,000 TOTAL $310,598$417,293$565,300$668,012 Activity FY 1980FY 1981FY 1982FY 1983FY 1984 Control Technologies and Coal Preparation 38,25037,50021,98427,900a26,000 Advanced Research and Technology Development 56,15058,26156,25635,95045,790 Coal Liquefaction 250,306521,40098,78437,60028,900 Combustion Systems 50,85056,50030,54424,20018,200 Fuel Cells 26,50032,00034,46430,05042,600 Heat Engines 50,50036,40015,4085,0006,500 Underground Coal Gasification 10,00010,0008,2566,0006,000 Magnetohydrodynamics 75,00067,00021,84029,00030,000 Mining R&D 68,85049,50014,160 Surface Coal Gasification 115,850164,90053,08839,00035,790 TOTAL $742,256$1,033,461$354,784$234,700$239,780 246
|
From page 247... ...
Bureau of Mines. bin FY 1994 the fuel cells activity was transferred to the natural gas program.
|
From page 248... ...
These pollutant-specific emission standards, together with environmental quality standards, have been the primary forces of technology innovation for environmental control. Recent developments in air quality and emission standards for coal-based systems are discussed below.
|
From page 249... ...
has indicated that another revision to the health-based fine particulate standard, possibly an air quality standard for fine particles of 2 to 3 microns, is likely before the end of the decade (Bachman, 1994~. The implication of that change could be a further tightening of particulate emissions from coal combustion sources in the near- to mid-term period.
|
From page 250... ...
Nitrogen Dioxide The health-based ambient air quality standard for NO2 has not been a major forcing function for power plant control technology development. However, the federal NSPS for nitrogen oxides (NOX, a mix of NO and NO2)
|
From page 251... ...
The anticipation of acid rain controls was the prime factor motivating SO2 and NOX control technology development during the 1980s. The longer-term implications of acid rain regulations for coal technology development are somewhat speculative.
|
From page 252... ...
O'Neil, Electric Power Research Institute, to E.S. Rubin, Vice Chair, Committee on the Strategic Assessment of DOE's Coal Program, February 1994.
|
From page 253... ...
While water-related environmental controls have not had the visibility or economic impact of air pollution controls, future restrictions could nonetheless have significant consequences for power plant siting and cost. Some advanced power generation and fuel conversion technologies, which produce a variety of aqueous discharges not found in conventional pulverized coal plants, may merit special scrutiny.
|
From page 254... ...
The implication of this trend is that local and regional concerns will play an increasingly important role in establishing requirements for environmental control technology R&D. A related trend is the adoption by some state public utility commissions of "externality adders" to account for the environmental impacts of power plant emissions that escape control.
|
From page 255... ...
Environmental Protection Agency, to the Committee on the Strategic Assessment of Department of Energy's Coal Program, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C., January 27.
|
From page 256... ...
1992. Managing hazardous air pollutants: Implications of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments for coal combustion.
|
From page 257... ...
APPENDIX E Clean Coal Technology Demonstration Projects 257
|
From page 258... ...
258 Cal V: o .~ so 3 o ._ C~ C~ o o C~ ._ .
|
From page 263... ...
Department of Energy Overview of DOE Coal Program Howard Feibus, Director, Office of Clean Coal Technology, U.S. Department of Energy Summary of Advanced Power Systems Effort Howard Feibus, Director, Office of Clean Coal Technology, U.S.
|
From page 264... ...
Advanced Gas Turbines Sandy Webb, Product Manager, Heat Engines, Morgantown Energy Technology Center Hot Gas Cleanup Randy Dellefield, Product Manager, Pressurized Fluidized-Bed Combustion, Morgantown Energy Technology Center Fuel Cell Development Manville Mayfield, Product Manager, Fuel Cells, Morgantown Energy Technology Center Low-Emission Boilers Larry Ruth, Division Director, Coal Utilization, Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center Assessment of the Role of Government in Clean Coal Technology Larry Papay, Vice President and Manager of Research and Development, Bechtel Group, Inc. Past, Present, and Future Commercialization Activities in the Office of Fossil Energy Douglas Uthus, Director, Coal Combustion, Coal Preparation, and Control Systems, U.S.
|
From page 265... ...
The following presentations were made to the committee: The DOE Fiscal Year 1995 Budget: DOE/Fossil Energy Strategic Planning Process Jack Siegel, Acting Assistant Secretary, Office of Fossil Energy, U.S. Department of Energy George Rudins, Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary for Coal Technology, U.S.
|
From page 266... ...
His research interests include the utilization of fossil energy resources, fuels and combustion systems, and the ecology of Idaho rivers and lakes.
|
From page 267... ...
He has extensive expertise in scientific and engineering aspects of the production of liquid fuels and chemicals from biomass, natural gas, coal, oil shale, tar sands, and organic waste products.
|
From page 268... ...
. His positions at EPRI have included that of director of environmental control systems and director of fossil power plants.
|
From page 269... ...
His areas of expertise include the environmental and combustion aspects of coal utilization, clean coal technologies, and environmental control technologies for coal combustion. NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STAFF Mahadevan (rev)
|
From page 270... ...
He has been with the NRC since April 1985 and has worked on a variety of energy and related environmental issues affecting public policy. Prior to joining the NRC he was a faculty member in the School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, and has held positions at the University of Stockholm, Institute of Marine Ecology; the Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida; and Bell Telephone Laboratories.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.