Chemical Ecology The Chemistry of Biotic Interaction (1995) / Chapter Skim
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Chemical Signals in the Marine Environment: Dispersal, Detection, and ...
Chemical Signals in the Marine Environment: Dispersal, Detection, and ...
Pages 147-160
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From page 147... ...
The Chemistry of Signal Transduction / la=1 Me N ~ FK506 i'~':°:rt ,0 R O FKBP ° tD'H`~( E54 0 156 A H H Peptide WN:~N:r H R' O ~ 1 FKBP~H`;I~ iD'Nw;~/ E54 0 i56 B o to ~ ~H9\: n Kj(FKBP12)
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From page 148... ...
142 / Jon Clardy A B Into to macrocyclic ring Me ~N~O I H ~ I .' ~ , ~0~_ slae cnaln rnlmlc) `SS`S`: 2~6 1L o .u ~y~'v'l=^al'= H' RCH~-M '' (amide mimic)
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SUMMARY Several disciplines, including chemical ecology, seek to understand the molecular basis of information transfer in biological systems, and general molecular strategies are beginning to emerge. Often these strategies are discovered by a careful analysis of natural products and their biological effects.
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144 / Jon Clardy 10. Flanagan, W
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The Chemistry of Signal Transduction /14~5 FIolzman, T F., Severin, l., Gubbins, E., Smith, H
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From page 153... ...
Breath, sweat, urine, feces, their aquatic equivalents, and their bacterial and other symbiotic embellishments all can serve as identifiers for chemoreceptive animals interested in finding food or hosts. Body fluids released from damaged tissues and decay products from dead organisms can be particularly potent signals.
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From page 154... ...
The two classical methods of camouflage, well known in the visual signal world, may also operate in the chemical signal world, although they are virtually unstudied. To avoid detection, animals with visual predators hide and remain motionless, or they look and move like their background; animals with chemically hunting predators may build impermeable shells and store urine and feces until it is safe to release them, or they may produce metabolites that match the environment in mixture composition and temporal distribution.
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From page 155... ...
Signal longevity and temporal pattern are no less important in chemical signals than they are in other sensory stimuli. The speed of temporal signal detection and processing depends on the encounter rate with odor patches and their spatial gradients.
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From page 156... ...
In an effort to understand the underwater world of chemical signals so foreign to humans- we attempt to see the marine environment through the many chemosensory organs of the lobster, Homarus americanus, an animal that has demonstrated its ability to communicate with chemical signals, urine release, and a variety of information currents and to extract spectral and temporal chemical information from its turbulent environment (21. To investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of natural odor dispersal that are important physiologically and behaviorally, aquatic chemical signals and large arthropods offer significant advantages.
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From page 157... ...
We studied odor dispersal patterns resulting from biologically scaled, constantly emitting jet sources in slow background flow. From high-resolution plume measurements using dopamine as a tracer, we described the spatial distribution of encounter probabilities of eddy features such as peak concentration, concentration gradients at their leading edge, intermittence, etc.
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From page 158... ...
The bilateral antennules allow for spatial comparison essential for efficient orientation (61. Temporal Resolution of Olfactory Receptor Cells Lobster chemoreceptor cells show a great diversity of filter properties.
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From page 159... ...
Results from qualitative experiments in which odor and single cell responses were measured simultaneously and with high spatiotemporal resolution indicate that steep pulse slope and large interpulse interval are important excitatory stimulus features. Unfortunately, the nonlinear dynamics of adaptation and disadaptation processes preclude a simple solution for determining meaningful transfer functions.
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From page 160... ...
and it was found that Bossert's calculations must be reevaluated in light of current knowledge of temporal filter properties of chemoreceptor cells and the unpredictability factor of turbulent dispersal that characterizes most natural environments. SIGNAL PRODUCTION AND BROADCASTING: llRINE DISPERSAL IN CHEMICAL COMMUNICATION This section reviews the complex currents lobsters generate to eliminate metabolites and broadcast chemical signals and the return currents from which they obtain chemical signals and metabolic energy.
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