HIV and the Blood Supply An Analysis of Crisis Decisionmaking (1995) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
E Glossary of Acronyms and Terms
E Glossary of Acronyms and Terms
Pages 303-314
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Department of Health and OoB - Office of Biologics Research and Human Services Rev~ew EBV - Epstein-Barr virus OTA - Office of Technology ELISA - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assessment assay PCP - Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia FDA - Food and Dnug Administration PPF - Plasma protein fraciion FFP - Fresh frozen plasma PTC - Pro~rombin complex GAO - General Accounting Office RBC - Red blood cells HBIG - Hepatitis B immune globulin WHO - World heal~ organization 303
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: An acquired, as opposed to inherited (congenital) , disease characterized by the progressive deterioration of host immune defenses that renders the affected individual susceptible to an array of infectious and malignant disorders that do not normally afflict persons with intact immune systems.
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: White blood cells, associated with the humoral immune response, which produce antibodies. Each B cell produces a specific antibody for a specific antigen, much like a specific key is made for a specific lock.
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components present on the surface of host cells. Coagulation: The process of blood clotting, in which the plasma protein prothrombin (Factor II)
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The envelope proteins of HIV are composed of two subunits: gpl20, which specifically binds to CD4 on the surface of target T cells and macrophages, and gp41, which is embedded in the membrane of HIV and facilitates fusion with the cell surface membrane of the target cell during the earliest stages of the virus infection cycle. Enzyme: Any of a group of catalytic proteins that are produced by living cells and that mediate and promote the chemical processes of life without themselves being altered or destroyed.
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: Viral liver disease that can be acute or chronic and even life threatening, especially in people with poor immune response. Like HIV, HBV can be transmitted by sexual contact, contaminated needles, or blood products.
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Cytotoxic T cells recognize and kill host cells that display foreign antigens, such as virusinfected cells. Helper T cells recognize foreign antigens displayed by specific host cells termed antigen-presenting cells, and then help to initiate and propagate the responses of B-lymphocytes and other T-lymphocytes that are specific for the same antigen.
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Normal serum albumin: Concentrates of albumin obtained through plasma fractionation and used to maintain or restore plasma volume. The appropriateness of using albumin preparations instead of other fluids is under examination (see also "Plasma protein fraction.")
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p24 antibody: Antibodies that are produced following HIV infection that recognize a protein component of the virus core known as p24. The presence of antibodies that recognize this and other constitutents of the HIV virus particle are used to diagnose the presence of active HIV infection.
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The DNA copy of the retrovirus then integrates into the chromosomes of the host cell and produces the requisite RNA and protein constituents of additional virus particles. Rh blood group: A major blood group consisting of genetically determined substances present on the red blood cells of most persons and of higher animals and capable of inducing intense antigenic reactions.
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Viruses may subvert the host cell's normal functions, causing the cell to behave in a manner determined by the virus. White blood cells: General description of specialized cells involved in defending the body against invasion by organisms and chemical substances and including the circulating white blood cells and the cells of the reticuloendothelial system; defenses mediated through phagocytosis and immune responses; leukocytes.
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