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Coatings for High-Temperature Structural Materials Trends and Opportunities (1996) / Chapter Skim
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8 LONG-TERM OPPORTUNITIES AND INNOVATIVE SYSTEMS
Pages 46-50

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From page 46...
... Research on issues of stability is a high priority. The structural motifs for hybrid coatings include continuously graded coatings, horizontally layered materials, interphase layer materials, vertically layered materials, and three-dimensional structured materials.
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From page 47...
... From the standpoint of thermal expansion, zirconia might possibly adhere better if the MCrAlY/zirconia or alurnina/zirconia interface were compositionally graded through intermediate compositions. However, previous research has shown that such a compositionally graded metaVceramic layer undergoes oxidative expansion, resulting in severe compressive stresses that cause the oxidized graded layer to buckle the coating from the substrate (Duvall and Ruckle, 1982; DeMasi-Marcin et al., 1989~.
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From page 48...
... Nanocrystalline Coatings and Substrates Promising research of nanocrystalline substrate and coat~ng materials, with improved high-temperature properties, may allow for higher engine-operating temperatures and therefore improved performance in the future. For example, the SiC nanoparticles in SiC-particle-reinforced alumina appear to facilitate crack healing, resulting in improved hightemperature strength and creep resistance as compared to monolithic ceramics (American Ceramic Society Bulletin, 1996~.
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From page 49...
... do not form thermodynamically stable condensed oxides and have relatively low melting temperatures. When alloyed with electron-poor metals such as hafnium, zirconium, and aluminum, however, they form remarkably stable compounds with close-packed, or nearly close-packed, structures similar to those of the structural metals themselves (Brewer, 1990~.4 These compounds have high thermodynamic stability, high melting, points, and low chemical activity.
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