The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

INDEX
Pages 137-146

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 137... ... Index in IPM, 25-26 A nontarget effects, 103 Adaptation, 75 pest resistance problems, 26-28 Agency for International Development, 93 problems created by pesticide use, 29 Agribusiness, 61-62 use of disease pathogens for, 79 Agrobacterium radiobacter, 107 Arthropods, as biological-control Aldrin, 23 organisms Alligator weed, 13, 37 aquatic weed management, 37 Antibiotics, 57, 78 characteristics, 46 Apples, 24 Australian ladybird beetle, 13 Aquatic weeds, 13, 36-37 Arthropod management appetite suppression, 34 B behavioral strategies, 77 Bacillus thuringiensis, 47, 64, 76, 78-79, biological-control organisms for, 46 98-99, 103, 113 chemical signaling strategies, 77-78 Baculoviruses, 79 in cotton production, 30-31 Banana plants, 17 cultural techniques for, 17-21 Benomyl, 29 exotic pests, 32 Biodiversity, 82-84 genetic engineering strategies, 79-81 Biological-control organisms growth of chemical insecticide use, 23, aquatic weed management, 36-37 24 in citrus farming, 50-51 historical biological strategies, 12-13 for managing plant viruses, 34 host-range predictions, 102 cover crop design, 45 host selection/specificity dynamics, 81 cultural practices to encourage, 20-21 insecticide selectivity, 48 current registration, 96 137 Read the entire page →
From page 138... ... 138 INDEX definition, 46 Chlordane, 23, 38 early farm practices, 12-17 Citrus farming EBPM principles, 46-47 biological pest control, 50-51 ecosystem interaction, 43-44, 76-82 early biological control mechanisms, environmental persistence, 110-111 12, 13 experimental demonstrations, 18-19 pest-management cooperatives, 63, 65 in IPM, 25-26 pesticide-associated problems, 29 microbial, 84-85, 103 pesticide use, 24 molecular mechanisms, 76 Citrus red mite, 18, 29 natural reservoirs, 82-83 Citrus rust mite, 50 nontarget effects, 74, 100-105 CollegoR, 104, 106 objectives, 46 Commercial development pathogenic potential, 105-108 biological management of diseases, 17 regulatory environment, 112-114 genetically engineered plants, 23 research needs, 5, 76-82 growth of chemical pesticide industry, risk assessment, 8-9, 97, 100, 105, 108- 23-25 109 health risks for workers, 98 scale of use, 110 pesticide industry trends, 28-29 self-perpetuation of, 110-111 regulatory obstacles, 48, 112-115 for soybean cyst nematode, 33 small-market products, 64, 97-98 specificity, 81 Communication among organisms, 77-78 success rate, 70 Consultants, 7-8, 10, 62 supply system, 55, 85-86 Corn use of disease pathogens as, 79 growth of pesticide use, 24 Biological-control products hybridization, 21 definition, 47 leaf blight, 21 potential risks, 98-100 Cost-benefit analysis predator-prey population dynamics, data base for, 90-91 102-103 feasibility of EBPM, 49-56 small-market support, 64, 97-98 measuring direct and indirect effects in, specificity, 47, 71 89-90 Black scale, 65 role of, 89 Boll weevil, 30-31 Cotton, 24 Botrytis rot of cyclamen, 29 arthropod management strategies, 30-31 Broad-spectrum pesticides, 1, 26 pesticide use trends, 24 naturally occurring, 47 Cottony cushion scale, 13, 18, 29, 51 obstacles to continued use, 26-40 Cover crops, 20, 45 use in cotton farming, 30-31 Crop rotation, 18-19, 20 Brown soft scale, 29 for soybean cyst nematode management, 33 Cropping patterns C for managing plant viruses, 34 California red scale, 18, 50, 65 historical applications for biological Cancer, 40-41 control, 17-21 Certification, 64 landscape ecology, 74-75 Chemical signaling, 77-78 predictive models for, 86-87 Chestnut blight, 17, 80 row crop pests, 35 Read the entire page →
From page 139... ... pesticides, 38-39 biodiversity and, 82-84 Ethylene dibromide, 23, 33 continuum of tactics, 108 Eurasian water milfoil, 13 economic feasibility, 49-56, 90 Exotic species, 32 environmental risks, 100 as biological-control organisms, 101 Read the entire page →
From page 140... ... 140 INDEX federal regulations for managing, 112- commercial development, 23 113 concerns about, 74 weeds, 35 durability of resistance genes, 87-88 Extension system, 7-8, 60-61, 93 expression of coat protein genes, 22-23 hybrid plant breeding, 21 F for plant resistance, 49, 82 potential human health risks, 99-100 Farming practice risk assessment in, 97 accessibility of research, 85 toxin-encoding, risks of, 103 chemical runoff, 39-40 transgenic plant breeding, 21-22 cultural techniques, historical Genetic uniformity, 21 development of, 17-21 Geographic information systems, 7, 75 early biological management strategies, Grass carp, 36 12-17 Grazing land, 35 groundwater contamination, 40 Green manure, 20, 73 grower cooperatives, 63-64, 65 Groundwater contamination, 40 information flow, 58-59 Grower cooperatives, 63-64, 65 operational models, 60 pest management knowledge needs, 59 60 H risk behavior, 54-55 Herbicides, biological whole-farm system, 44 for aquatic weed management, 36-37 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and obstacles to development, 37 Rodenticide Act, 37, 38, 112-113 for weed management, 104 Federal Plant Pest Act, 112-113 Herbicides, chemical Fire blight, 57 for aquatic weed control, 36 Food and Drug Administration, 112 historical development, 23, 24 Food contamination plant resistance to, 28 by biological-control organisms, 98-99 runoff problems, 39-40 pesticide tolerances, 26 Historical developments Forest management, 17 arthropod management, biological Frost damage, 57, 73 strategies for, 12-13 Fungicides, biological, for aquatic weed boll weevil control strategies, 30-31 management, 37 chemical pesticides, 23-25, 69 Fungicides, chemical cultural practices for biological control, disease problems created by, 29 17-21 historical development, 23 disease management, biological limitations of, 32-34 strategies for, 17 pest resistance to, 28 genetically engineered plants, 22-23 Fusarium wilt, 17, 32 origins of weeds, 106 plant breeding, 21 G public concerns about chemical Gene transfer in nature, 105-108 pesticides, 37-40 Genetic engineering weed management, biological strategies to affect host selection/specificity, 81 for, 13 for appetite suppression in pests, 35 Human health of arthropod predators, 79-81 acute effects of pesticide exposure, 40 Read the entire page →
From page 141... ... See Integrated pest management I IR-4 Program, 98 Implementation of EBPM certification, 64 collective action for, 63 J corporate-level, 66-67 Japanese beetle, 29 demonstration projects, 60-61 Johnsongrass, 106 economic considerations, 49-56 grower cooperatives in, 63-64, 65 K impact of new technologies, 89, 108 109 Klamath weed, 13 information transfer, 7-8, 56-63 initial targets, 56 ongoing monitoring activities, 64-68 L oversight activities, 8-10 Laboratory testing, 102, 103 planning for, 41 Landscape ecology, 74-75 requirements for success, 10 Leadership issues, 93-94 research funding for, 94-95 Livestock management, 35 research needs, 7, 69-71, 84-86, 88 risk aversion and, 54-56 small-market support for, 64, 97-98 M socioeconomic issues, 89-91 Malathion, 28, 30-31 supply of resources for, 85-86 Manure, 18-19 Indole acetic acid, 23 Methyl bromide, 23, 35 Information management Monitoring pest behavior for cost-benefit analysis, 90-91 to evaluate economic feasibility of EBPM guidelines, 114-115 EBPM, 52-53 Read the entire page →
From page 142... ... 142 INDEX grower-friendly systems, 85 selectivity, 48 interactions among organisms, 76-82 usage trends, 24-25 landscape studies, 74-75 Pheremones, 78 pathogen host range, 101-102 Phlebia gigantea, 17 for pest management strategies, 77 Phyllosphere, 72-73 population dynamics, 73-74, 75-76, Plant breeding, 21-23 102-103 implementation of EBPM, 54 research needs, 6-7 for plant resistance, 49 signaling mechanisms, 77-78 for viral resistance, 34-35 for signs of resistance, 64-68 Population dynamics, 73-74, 75-76, 102Monoculture planting, 22 103 Potatoes, 24 Primicarb, 48 N Professional societies, 93 National Environmental Protection Act, Profitability 113 cost of exotic pest invasions, 32 National Institutes of Health, 93 cost of pesticide resistance, 27-28 National Science Foundation, 93 cost of plant virus damage, 34 cost of soil-borne diseases, 32, 33 EBPM objectives, 3, 4, 42, 43 O economic feasibility of EBPM, 49-52, Operational models 90 farm practice, 60 market factors, 53-54 pathogen in microcosm, 102 pest-control factors, 52-53 risk factors, 54-56 Propham, 23 P Public intervention/oversight Parathion, 29 aquatic weed control, 36 Paris green, 12 coordination of government groups, 93Pesticides, biological 94, 113-114 historical use of, 12-13 current limitations, 112-114 risk assessment, 97 development of new biological Pesticides, chemical products, 64 chronic exposure, 40-41 EBPM, 8-10 in cotton production, 30-31 guidelines for, 10, 114-115 in EBPM, 47 human health concerns, 37-41, 98-100 groundwater contamination, 40 for information transfer, 7-8, 62 historical development, 11, 23-25, 69 introduction of new products, 108-109 human health concerns, 37-41 knowledge base for, 9, 108-109 in IPM, 25 microbial herbicides, 37 limitations of, 29-37 need for, 8, 96 problems associated with, 1, 11-12, 26- opportunities for improving, 113-115 29, 100 pesticide tolerances in foodstuffs, 26 regulatory suspension, 38-39 priority areas, 109-111 research and development trends, 28-29 private economic interest and, 55 risk assessment, 97 regulatory obstacles to pesticide for row crop application, 35 development, 48 Read the entire page →
From page 143... ... INDEX 143 regulatory suspension of chemical cost of, 27-28 pesticides, 38-39 cotton boll weevil experience, 30-31 risk assessment, 8-9, 96-97 monitoring for, 64-68 Pyrethroids, 24 as objection to broad-spectrum Pyrethrum, 47 pesticides, 26-28 planning for, 28 research needs, 75 R to viruses, 34-35 Rangelands, 35 Resistant cultivars Remote sensing technology, 75 durability of, 87-88 Research in EBPM, 4, 47-49 accessibility to grower, 85 expression of resistance, 104-105 demonstration projects, 60-61 genetic engineering for, 22-23 for EBPM implementation, 7, 69-71, 88 herbicide-resistant biotypes, 28 for EBPM success, 4-8 mechanisms, 82 on ecology of managed systems, 72-76 plant breeding for, 21 on ecosystem interactions, 5, 91 potential harmful effects, 99, 103 federal efforts, 93-94 105 funding patterns, 92 regulatory environment, 114 health risks for researchers, 98 soybean cyst nematode, 33 on impact of new technologies, 89 Rhizosphere, 72-73 infrastructure for, 94 Rice, 24, 106 institutional approaches for cooperation, Risk assessment 91 activities in, 111-112 interactions among organisms, 76-82 criteria, 96-97 methodological enhancements, 6-7, 84- current federal efforts, 112-114 86 in EBPM implementation, 8-9 microbial communities, 84-85, 95, 103 economic considerations, 54-56 microcosm studies, 102 environmental effects, 100 multidisciplinary, 6, 91-94 for genetic science, 97 natural defense systems, 78-79 human health considerations, 98-100 natural resource inventory and individual attitudes, 91 maintenance, 82-83 knowledge base for, 9, 108-109 new chemical pesticides, 28-29, 35 pathogen host-range, 101-102 operational models for growers, 60 pathogenic potential of biological organic pesticides, 4 control organisms, 105-108 plant resistance, 49 persistence of control organisms, 110 predictive models for cropping systems, 111 86-87 priority areas, 109-111 priority areas, 6, 71 public role in, 96 recommendations, 4 in research and production resources for, 94-95 environments, 98 on risk attitudes, 91 resistant cultivars, potential harmful on socioeconomic issues, 89-91 effects of, 99, 103-105 taxonomic, 83-84 risk management and, 111-112 Resistance in pests scale of use issues, 110 to chemical pesticides, 1 standards for, 114-115 Read the entire page →
From page 144... ... Department of the Interior, 93 S V Safety, as EBPM objective, 3-4, 42 Viruses, plant, 34-35 Silent Spring, 37-38 as biological-control products, 79 Soil studies cover crop effects, 45 microbial communities, 72 W pest population dynamics, 72-73 Water hyacinth, 13, 36 soil-borne diseases, 32-34, 81 Weed management Sorghum, 106 aquatic weeds, 13, 36-37 Soybeans, 24, 33 bioherbicide, 104 biological-control strategies, 51 T cultural practices for, 20 early biological strategies, 13 Take-all disease, 22 herbicide-resistant biotypes, 28 Taxonomic research, 83-84 landscape ecology for, 74-75 Technology development, regulatory persistence of control organisms, 111 review, 9 in rangelands, 35 Tetraethylpyrophosphate, 23 sources of weeds, 106 Tobacco, 12 use of disease pathogens for, 79 Tobacco mosaic virus, 22 weed composition shifting and, 19 Toxaphene, 23 Wheat, 22, 25, 32 Toxic Substances Control Act, 113 White amur, 36 Transgenic animals/plants, 21-22 Whole-farming systems EBPM in, 44 U pest management in, 1-2 Uncertainty, 54-55 U.S. Department of Agriculture, 93, 94, Z 109, 112 recommendations for, 10, 114 Zineb, 23 Read the entire page →
From page 145... ... , 198 pp., ISBN 0-309-04390-5 Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education in the Field: A Proceedings (1991) , 448 pp., ISBN 0-309-04578-9 Toward Sustainability: A Plan for Collaborative Research on Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (1991) Read the entire page →
From page 146... ... , 108 pp., ISBN 0-309-04891-5 Nutrient Requirements of Horses, Fifth Revised Edition (1989) , 128 pp., ISBN 0-309-03989-4; diskette included Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, Sixth Revised Edition, Update 1989 (1989) Read the entire page →

From page 137...

... Index in IPM, 25-26 A nontarget effects, 103 Adaptation, 75 pest resistance problems, 26-28 Agency for International Development, 93 problems created by pesticide use, 29 Agribusiness, 61-62 use of disease pathogens for, 79 Agrobacterium radiobacter, 107 Arthropods, as biological-control Aldrin, 23 organisms Alligator weed, 13, 37 aquatic weed management, 37 Antibiotics, 57, 78 characteristics, 46 Apples, 24 Australian ladybird beetle, 13 Aquatic weeds, 13, 36-37 Arthropod management appetite suppression, 34 B behavioral strategies, 77 Bacillus thuringiensis, 47, 64, 76, 78-79, biological-control organisms for, 46 98-99, 103, 113 chemical signaling strategies, 77-78 Baculoviruses, 79 in cotton production, 30-31 Banana plants, 17 cultural techniques for, 17-21 Benomyl, 29 exotic pests, 32 Biodiversity, 82-84 genetic engineering strategies, 79-81 Biological-control organisms growth of chemical insecticide use, 23, aquatic weed management, 36-37 24 in citrus farming, 50-51 historical biological strategies, 12-13 for managing plant viruses, 34 host-range predictions, 102 cover crop design, 45 host selection/specificity dynamics, 81 cultural practices to encourage, 20-21 insecticide selectivity, 48 current registration, 96 137

Read the entire page →

From page 138...

... 138 INDEX definition, 46 Chlordane, 23, 38 early farm practices, 12-17 Citrus farming EBPM principles, 46-47 biological pest control, 50-51 ecosystem interaction, 43-44, 76-82 early biological control mechanisms, environmental persistence, 110-111 12, 13 experimental demonstrations, 18-19 pest-management cooperatives, 63, 65 in IPM, 25-26 pesticide-associated problems, 29 microbial, 84-85, 103 pesticide use, 24 molecular mechanisms, 76 Citrus red mite, 18, 29 natural reservoirs, 82-83 Citrus rust mite, 50 nontarget effects, 74, 100-105 CollegoR, 104, 106 objectives, 46 Commercial development pathogenic potential, 105-108 biological management of diseases, 17 regulatory environment, 112-114 genetically engineered plants, 23 research needs, 5, 76-82 growth of chemical pesticide industry, risk assessment, 8-9, 97, 100, 105, 108- 23-25 109 health risks for workers, 98 scale of use, 110 pesticide industry trends, 28-29 self-perpetuation of, 110-111 regulatory obstacles, 48, 112-115 for soybean cyst nematode, 33 small-market products, 64, 97-98 specificity, 81 Communication among organisms, 77-78 success rate, 70 Consultants, 7-8, 10, 62 supply system, 55, 85-86 Corn use of disease pathogens as, 79 growth of pesticide use, 24 Biological-control products hybridization, 21 definition, 47 leaf blight, 21 potential risks, 98-100 Cost-benefit analysis predator-prey population dynamics, data base for, 90-91 102-103 feasibility of EBPM, 49-56 small-market support, 64, 97-98 measuring direct and indirect effects in, specificity, 47, 71 89-90 Black scale, 65 role of, 89 Boll weevil, 30-31 Cotton, 24 Botrytis rot of cyclamen, 29 arthropod management strategies, 30-31 Broad-spectrum pesticides, 1, 26 pesticide use trends, 24 naturally occurring, 47 Cottony cushion scale, 13, 18, 29, 51 obstacles to continued use, 26-40 Cover crops, 20, 45 use in cotton farming, 30-31 Crop rotation, 18-19, 20 Brown soft scale, 29 for soybean cyst nematode management, 33 Cropping patterns C for managing plant viruses, 34 California red scale, 18, 50, 65 historical applications for biological Cancer, 40-41 control, 17-21 Certification, 64 landscape ecology, 74-75 Chemical signaling, 77-78 predictive models for, 86-87 Chestnut blight, 17, 80 row crop pests, 35

Read the entire page →

From page 139...

... pesticides, 38-39 biodiversity and, 82-84 Ethylene dibromide, 23, 33 continuum of tactics, 108 Eurasian water milfoil, 13 economic feasibility, 49-56, 90 Exotic species, 32 environmental risks, 100 as biological-control organisms, 101

Read the entire page →

From page 140...

... 140 INDEX federal regulations for managing, 112- commercial development, 23 113 concerns about, 74 weeds, 35 durability of resistance genes, 87-88 Extension system, 7-8, 60-61, 93 expression of coat protein genes, 22-23 hybrid plant breeding, 21 F for plant resistance, 49, 82 potential human health risks, 99-100 Farming practice risk assessment in, 97 accessibility of research, 85 toxin-encoding, risks of, 103 chemical runoff, 39-40 transgenic plant breeding, 21-22 cultural techniques, historical Genetic uniformity, 21 development of, 17-21 Geographic information systems, 7, 75 early biological management strategies, Grass carp, 36 12-17 Grazing land, 35 groundwater contamination, 40 Green manure, 20, 73 grower cooperatives, 63-64, 65 Groundwater contamination, 40 information flow, 58-59 Grower cooperatives, 63-64, 65 operational models, 60 pest management knowledge needs, 59 60 H risk behavior, 54-55 Herbicides, biological whole-farm system, 44 for aquatic weed management, 36-37 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and obstacles to development, 37 Rodenticide Act, 37, 38, 112-113 for weed management, 104 Federal Plant Pest Act, 112-113 Herbicides, chemical Fire blight, 57 for aquatic weed control, 36 Food and Drug Administration, 112 historical development, 23, 24 Food contamination plant resistance to, 28 by biological-control organisms, 98-99 runoff problems, 39-40 pesticide tolerances, 26 Historical developments Forest management, 17 arthropod management, biological Frost damage, 57, 73 strategies for, 12-13 Fungicides, biological, for aquatic weed boll weevil control strategies, 30-31 management, 37 chemical pesticides, 23-25, 69 Fungicides, chemical cultural practices for biological control, disease problems created by, 29 17-21 historical development, 23 disease management, biological limitations of, 32-34 strategies for, 17 pest resistance to, 28 genetically engineered plants, 22-23 Fusarium wilt, 17, 32 origins of weeds, 106 plant breeding, 21 G public concerns about chemical Gene transfer in nature, 105-108 pesticides, 37-40 Genetic engineering weed management, biological strategies to affect host selection/specificity, 81 for, 13 for appetite suppression in pests, 35 Human health of arthropod predators, 79-81 acute effects of pesticide exposure, 40

Read the entire page →

From page 141...

... See Integrated pest management I IR-4 Program, 98 Implementation of EBPM certification, 64 collective action for, 63 J corporate-level, 66-67 Japanese beetle, 29 demonstration projects, 60-61 Johnsongrass, 106 economic considerations, 49-56 grower cooperatives in, 63-64, 65 K impact of new technologies, 89, 108 109 Klamath weed, 13 information transfer, 7-8, 56-63 initial targets, 56 ongoing monitoring activities, 64-68 L oversight activities, 8-10 Laboratory testing, 102, 103 planning for, 41 Landscape ecology, 74-75 requirements for success, 10 Leadership issues, 93-94 research funding for, 94-95 Livestock management, 35 research needs, 7, 69-71, 84-86, 88 risk aversion and, 54-56 small-market support for, 64, 97-98 M socioeconomic issues, 89-91 Malathion, 28, 30-31 supply of resources for, 85-86 Manure, 18-19 Indole acetic acid, 23 Methyl bromide, 23, 35 Information management Monitoring pest behavior for cost-benefit analysis, 90-91 to evaluate economic feasibility of EBPM guidelines, 114-115 EBPM, 52-53

Read the entire page →

From page 142...

... 142 INDEX grower-friendly systems, 85 selectivity, 48 interactions among organisms, 76-82 usage trends, 24-25 landscape studies, 74-75 Pheremones, 78 pathogen host range, 101-102 Phlebia gigantea, 17 for pest management strategies, 77 Phyllosphere, 72-73 population dynamics, 73-74, 75-76, Plant breeding, 21-23 102-103 implementation of EBPM, 54 research needs, 6-7 for plant resistance, 49 signaling mechanisms, 77-78 for viral resistance, 34-35 for signs of resistance, 64-68 Population dynamics, 73-74, 75-76, 102Monoculture planting, 22 103 Potatoes, 24 Primicarb, 48 N Professional societies, 93 National Environmental Protection Act, Profitability 113 cost of exotic pest invasions, 32 National Institutes of Health, 93 cost of pesticide resistance, 27-28 National Science Foundation, 93 cost of plant virus damage, 34 cost of soil-borne diseases, 32, 33 EBPM objectives, 3, 4, 42, 43 O economic feasibility of EBPM, 49-52, Operational models 90 farm practice, 60 market factors, 53-54 pathogen in microcosm, 102 pest-control factors, 52-53 risk factors, 54-56 Propham, 23 P Public intervention/oversight Parathion, 29 aquatic weed control, 36 Paris green, 12 coordination of government groups, 93Pesticides, biological 94, 113-114 historical use of, 12-13 current limitations, 112-114 risk assessment, 97 development of new biological Pesticides, chemical products, 64 chronic exposure, 40-41 EBPM, 8-10 in cotton production, 30-31 guidelines for, 10, 114-115 in EBPM, 47 human health concerns, 37-41, 98-100 groundwater contamination, 40 for information transfer, 7-8, 62 historical development, 11, 23-25, 69 introduction of new products, 108-109 human health concerns, 37-41 knowledge base for, 9, 108-109 in IPM, 25 microbial herbicides, 37 limitations of, 29-37 need for, 8, 96 problems associated with, 1, 11-12, 26- opportunities for improving, 113-115 29, 100 pesticide tolerances in foodstuffs, 26 regulatory suspension, 38-39 priority areas, 109-111 research and development trends, 28-29 private economic interest and, 55 risk assessment, 97 regulatory obstacles to pesticide for row crop application, 35 development, 48

Read the entire page →

From page 143...

... INDEX 143 regulatory suspension of chemical cost of, 27-28 pesticides, 38-39 cotton boll weevil experience, 30-31 risk assessment, 8-9, 96-97 monitoring for, 64-68 Pyrethroids, 24 as objection to broad-spectrum Pyrethrum, 47 pesticides, 26-28 planning for, 28 research needs, 75 R to viruses, 34-35 Rangelands, 35 Resistant cultivars Remote sensing technology, 75 durability of, 87-88 Research in EBPM, 4, 47-49 accessibility to grower, 85 expression of resistance, 104-105 demonstration projects, 60-61 genetic engineering for, 22-23 for EBPM implementation, 7, 69-71, 88 herbicide-resistant biotypes, 28 for EBPM success, 4-8 mechanisms, 82 on ecology of managed systems, 72-76 plant breeding for, 21 on ecosystem interactions, 5, 91 potential harmful effects, 99, 103 federal efforts, 93-94 105 funding patterns, 92 regulatory environment, 114 health risks for researchers, 98 soybean cyst nematode, 33 on impact of new technologies, 89 Rhizosphere, 72-73 infrastructure for, 94 Rice, 24, 106 institutional approaches for cooperation, Risk assessment 91 activities in, 111-112 interactions among organisms, 76-82 criteria, 96-97 methodological enhancements, 6-7, 84- current federal efforts, 112-114 86 in EBPM implementation, 8-9 microbial communities, 84-85, 95, 103 economic considerations, 54-56 microcosm studies, 102 environmental effects, 100 multidisciplinary, 6, 91-94 for genetic science, 97 natural defense systems, 78-79 human health considerations, 98-100 natural resource inventory and individual attitudes, 91 maintenance, 82-83 knowledge base for, 9, 108-109 new chemical pesticides, 28-29, 35 pathogen host-range, 101-102 operational models for growers, 60 pathogenic potential of biological organic pesticides, 4 control organisms, 105-108 plant resistance, 49 persistence of control organisms, 110 predictive models for cropping systems, 111 86-87 priority areas, 109-111 priority areas, 6, 71 public role in, 96 recommendations, 4 in research and production resources for, 94-95 environments, 98 on risk attitudes, 91 resistant cultivars, potential harmful on socioeconomic issues, 89-91 effects of, 99, 103-105 taxonomic, 83-84 risk management and, 111-112 Resistance in pests scale of use issues, 110 to chemical pesticides, 1 standards for, 114-115

Read the entire page →

From page 144...

... Department of the Interior, 93 S V Safety, as EBPM objective, 3-4, 42 Viruses, plant, 34-35 Silent Spring, 37-38 as biological-control products, 79 Soil studies cover crop effects, 45 microbial communities, 72 W pest population dynamics, 72-73 Water hyacinth, 13, 36 soil-borne diseases, 32-34, 81 Weed management Sorghum, 106 aquatic weeds, 13, 36-37 Soybeans, 24, 33 bioherbicide, 104 biological-control strategies, 51 T cultural practices for, 20 early biological strategies, 13 Take-all disease, 22 herbicide-resistant biotypes, 28 Taxonomic research, 83-84 landscape ecology for, 74-75 Technology development, regulatory persistence of control organisms, 111 review, 9 in rangelands, 35 Tetraethylpyrophosphate, 23 sources of weeds, 106 Tobacco, 12 use of disease pathogens for, 79 Tobacco mosaic virus, 22 weed composition shifting and, 19 Toxaphene, 23 Wheat, 22, 25, 32 Toxic Substances Control Act, 113 White amur, 36 Transgenic animals/plants, 21-22 Whole-farming systems EBPM in, 44 U pest management in, 1-2 Uncertainty, 54-55 U.S. Department of Agriculture, 93, 94, Z 109, 112 recommendations for, 10, 114 Zineb, 23

Read the entire page →

From page 145...

... , 198 pp., ISBN 0-309-04390-5 Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education in the Field: A Proceedings (1991) , 448 pp., ISBN 0-309-04578-9 Toward Sustainability: A Plan for Collaborative Research on Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (1991)

Read the entire page →

From page 146...

... , 108 pp., ISBN 0-309-04891-5 Nutrient Requirements of Horses, Fifth Revised Edition (1989) , 128 pp., ISBN 0-309-03989-4; diskette included Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle, Sixth Revised Edition, Update 1989 (1989)

Read the entire page →

← Previous Chapter Skim

This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.

INDEX Pages 137-146

INDEX
Pages 137-146