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From page 295... ... Aquatic ecosystems, see Benthic communities; import/export, 125, 134, 135, 169 Chemical toxins, see Agricultural chemicals; Bioassays; Fish and fisheries; Rivers Bioassays; Toxic substances and streams; Water pollution Automobiles, see Motor vehicles Chlorofluorocarbons, see Ozone layer Clay industry, 145-146, 151 Clean Water Act, 42, 90, 91, 93, 191, 193, 217, B 227, 230, 231-232, 243, 260, 262 biological integrity, 227, 230, 231-232, 243 Benthic communities, 11, 233, 261, 263, 266, see also Federal Water Pollution Control 267, 270-273, 274, 278, 280, 282 Act Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity, 233, 278 Clean Water Initiative (TVA) , 260 Best management practices, 92, 94-95, 244 Coal mining, see Energy resource extraction and processing Read the entire page →
From page 296... ... TVA, Vital Signs, 260-263 recycling and reuse of materials, 21-25, 66 67 see also Bioassays; Biodiversity; Habitat; Physical and chemical metrics see also Accounting methods Effluent bioassays, 3, 4, 7, 10, 199-201 Cropping Practices Survey, 80 chemical indicators, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196 fish, 193, 194 D Electric power accounting methods, 8, 84-86, 119 Data sources, see Computer applications; life-cycle analyses, 19-20, 26, 50-51 Information sources net energy expenditure, 19-20, 26 Decision analysis and support, 30, 31-35 Emergency Planning and Community Right-to managerial decision support, 5-6, 177-187 Know Act, 6 measurement error, 96, 136, 180-182, 183 Emission control technologies, 42, 49-50, 56, multiple-objective decision making, 32 57, 146 value functions, 32-33, 35-40, 46 Employment issues, 71, 72, 73 see also Computer applications; Information motivation, 47, 50, 51, 56, 60, 67-68, 69, sources; Life-cycle assessment 178, 179-180, 183 Department of Agriculture, 80-81, 102, 104, Energy requirements, 162, 164 107 air pollution, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124, Department of Energy, 199, 203-204 150 Department of the Interior, see Bureau of Mines life-cycle analyses, 5, 15-28, 50-51, 54, 56, Design-for-environment approaches, 43-62 58, 59, 60 defined, 43 technology comparisons, 5, 15-28 Read the entire page →
From page 297... ... Geological Survey Glass, 132, 145-146 F energy costs, 19, 21, 25 Global measures, 8-9, 42, 43, 44, 161 Farm Costs and Returns Survey, 80 greenhouse gases, 2, 40, 46, 58, 82, 101Farming, see Agricultural sector 102, 146 Federal government green payments, 83 funding, 38-39, 94 ozone layer, 2, 43 national material metrics, 169-170 see also Import and exports rangelands, 92 Greenhouse gases, 2, 40, 46, 58, 82, 101-102, 146 see also Legislation; Regulatory issues; Green payments, 83 specific departments and agencies Gross domestic investment, 73, 74, 75 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Gross domestic product, 73, 74, 159, 164, 166, Act, 192 170 Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 232 Gross national product, 7 see also Clean Water Act Fertilizers, see Agricultural chemicals Fish and fisheries, 10, 11, 42, 48, 227-263 H (passim) accounting methods, 72-73, 75, 78, 98, 104, Habitat, 51, 54, 55, 59, 255 see also Bioassays; Biodiversity; Fish and 105, 107, 108 fisheries; Rivers and streams ambient toxicity testing, 204, 211 Read the entire page →
From page 298... ... INDEX 299 Health effects, see Diseases and disorders net energy expenditure, 21, 22, 23 Heating systems, 16-18 Swedish Environmental Priority Strategies, Heavy metal pollutants, 50, 147, 167-168, 266 33, 35-40 Histological measures, 10 Inventory analysis, 27, 30-31, 49, 50 Historical perspectives, 1, 44, 86 Invertebrate Community Index, 233, 234, 250 bioassays, 191-192, 217, 222, 223 electric power generation, 85 natural resource accounting, 70-72 J Just-in-time inventory practices, 49, 50 I Imports and exports, 72, 85, 96, 156, 158, 168- L 169 agricultural/food products, 98, 105, 106, Landfills, 24, 48, 68, 107, 112, 146 Land use, see Agricultural sector; Ranching and 107, 162, 169 rangelands; Site selection chemicals, 125, 134, 135, 169 energy products, 121, 162 Leaks and leak indicators, 58, 120, 167-168 Legislation, 42, 90, 217 forest products, 109, 111, 112, 162 Clean Water Act, 42, 90, 91, 93, 191, 193, metals, 138, 162, 169 minerals, 114, 115, 117, 162, 169 217, 227, 230, 231-232, 243, 260, 262 Emergency Planning and Community petroleum products, 120, 169 Right-to-Know Act, 6 Index of Biotic Integrity, 9, 11, 233, 234, 234 237, 240-252 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, 192 Index of Well-Being, 233, 251, 252 Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 232 Indicators, see Bioassays; Chemical indicators; Leaks and leak indicators; Physical Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act, 83 indicators Indicator species, 10, 11 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 68, 192 multimetric biotic indices, 11, 233-234 Superfund Amendments and Indonesia, 7, 73-76 Information sources Reauthorization Act, 65-66 see also Regulatory issues agricultural sustainability, 79-80, 81-83 Life-cycle assessment, 3, 5-6, 14-62 life-cycle analysis, 18-20, 30-31 material metrics, 160-170 air pollution, 27, 36, 48, 50, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61 net energy expenditure, 18-20 biodiversity, 35, 39, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48 proprietary, 66 see also Computer applications; Decision chemical indicators, 27, 38 consumer behavior, 28, 29, 39-40, 44 analysis and support cost-benefit factors, 16-28, 36, 37-39, 49, Inorganic chemicals industry, 123-134 Insecticides, see Agricultural chemicals 50-51, 52 decision analysis, 5-6, 30, 31-35 Intensity-of-use metrics, 164 defined, 5, 30 Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality, 3 design-for-environment approaches, 43-62 electric power, 19-20, 26, 50-51 International perspectives, 7 energy requirements, 5, 15-28, 50-51, 54, developing countries, 71-72, 73-76 evolution of environmental regulation, 44 56, 58, 59, 60 environmentally responsible facilities, 42 Index of Biotic Integrity, 11 62 life-cycle analyses, 21, 22, 23, 33, 35-40, 44, 48-49 impact analysis, 30 improvement analysis, 30, 31 national material metrics, 159 Read the entire page →
From page 299... ... 300 INDEX international perspectives, 21, 22, 23, 33, Multiple-objective decision making, 32 35-40, 44, 48-49 Multivariate analysis, 209-211, 233-234 inventory analysis, 27, 30-31, 49, 50 limitations of, 5, 31, 32, 35-41, 46, 52 technology comparisons, 5, 15-28, 31-32, N 43, 57-58 National Agricultural Statistical Service, 80 water pollution, 27, 48, 55, 57, 58, 59-60, 61 Lighting of facilities, 51 National Coastal Pollution Discharge Inventory, 168 Linear index method, 33, 34 National-level conditions Liquid waste, see Water pollution Local conditions, 10, 29, 30, 42, 43, 45, 47, 48 biological integrity, 237 income and resource accounting, 7-8, 70-76 national material metrics and, 159 Indonesia, 7, 73-76 U.S., industrial ecology, national material M metrics, 157-173 U.S., materials balances and aggregate Mass measurements waste generation, with breakdowns by linear valuation, 35 sector, 96-156 materials balances and aggregate waste see also Imports and exports generation, with breakdowns by sector, National Oceanic and Atmospheric 96-156 Administration, 168 3M's waste ratio, 6, 8, 66-69 National Pollution Discharge Elimination Materials selection and metrics System, 193 air pollution, 157, 158, 160, 162 Natural resource accounting, 7-8, 70-83 design-for-environment approaches, 43, 46, Net domestic investment, 73-74, 75 50, 56, 57 Net energy expenditure, 5, 15-28 industrial ecology, 43, 44, 157-173 Noise, 59 materials balances and aggregate waste Nonpoint-source pollution, 10, 42, 91, 93, 94, generation, with breakdowns by sector, 254, 255 96-156 net energy expenditure, 5, 15-28 see also Imports and exports; Recycling and O reuse Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 147 Measurement error bioassays, 194-197, 241 Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, 11, 228-254, 255 managerial decision support, 180-182, 183 Oil products, 3, 16, 118, 120-124, 124, 147, material balances and aggregate waste generation, 96, 109, 110, 136 150 heating systems, 16-18 Metals smelting and refining, 138-145, 149, import/export, 120, 169 151, 158, 162-164 air pollution, 140-141, 142 motor vehicles, 16, 17, 35 Organic chemicals industry, 134-138 import/export, 138, 162, 169 Organic waste, 58, 68-69, 122, 123, 135 Mining, energy minerals, see Energy resource extraction and processing Organization-based measurements, see Bioassays; Raw-flux measurements; Mining, not energy minerals, 112-118, 148, 3M's waste ratio 150, 158, 161, 169 air pollution, 114, 150 Ozone layer, 2, 43 Bureau of Mines, 114, 158 import/export, 114, 115, 117, 162, 169 Motor vehicles, 16, 17, 35 P Multifactor productivity, 71, 84-86 Packaging, 50 Multimetric biotic indices, 11, 233-234 Pesticides, see Agricultural chemicals Read the entire page →
From page 300... ... INDEX 301 Physical indicators, 9, 35, 89, 90, 191, 195, national material metrics and, 159 202, 210-211, 261, 262, 263, 266, 267 productivity and, 86 Plant-based measurements, see Bioassays; urban siting of facilities, 47-48 Raw-flux measurements; 3M's waste waste accounting, 170 ratio water pollutants, bioassays, 3, 191, 193, Precautionary principle, 31 217, 227, 230, 231-232, 243, 260, Principal component analysis, 209 see also Standards Reservoir Fish Assemblage Index, 273 Reservoirs, TVA'e ecological health Q assessment, 260-276, 279-283 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 68, Quality management process, 217-226 192 Reuse, see Recycling and reuse Rivers and streams, 4 R ambient toxicity testing, 199-216 Ranching and rangelands, 89, 92-95, 101 comprehensive studies, 217-226 Rapid Bioassessment Protocols, 233, 234 reservoirs, 260-276 Recreation, see Aesthetics and recreation sediment quality, 213, 261, 266, 270-272, Recycling and reuse 274, 277, 280, 282 accounting methods, 66, 68 TVA ecological health assessment, 260-284 chemicals industry, 128, 130-131 watersheds, 89, 90, 93, 230, 236, 252, 255 cost-benefit factors, 21-25, 66-67 see also Erosion and sedimentation; Fish energy expenditure, 21-25, 27 and fisheries; Water pollution forest products, 109-110, 112, 165, 166 industrial facility siting and, 48-49, 54 life-cycle analyses, 21-25, 27, 48-49, 50, S 51, 54-55, 57-58, 60-61 Science Applications International Corporation, managerial decision support, 184, 186 108, 142, 145 material balances and aggregate waste Sedimentation, see Erosion and sedimentation generation, with breakdowns by sector, Sediment quality, 213, 261, 266, 270-272, 274, 109-110, 112, 128, 130-131 277, 280, 282 material metrics, 157, 160-161, 164-167 Site selection, industrial facilities, 47-49, 54 metals, 140-141, 142, 161, 165-166 Society of Environmental Toxicology and oil refining, byproducts, 120, 122-123 Chemistry, 30, 40 raw materials use vs, 164-166 Solid waste, see Waste and waste treatment Regional conditions, 7-8, 43, 44, 48 Soils, see Agricultural sector; Erosion and agricultural sustainability, 81, 82 sedimentation; Ranching and rangelands biotic integrity, 236-237, 240 Species diversity, see Multimetric biotic indices Indonesia, 7, 73-76 Standards Tennessee Valley Authority, 11, 260-284 accounting methods, 72-73, 91-92 Regression analysis, 209, 210, 211, 214 agricultural pollution, 89-92, 93-95 Regulatory issues bioassays, 3, 7, 193-197, 199, 200-201, 203, agricultural sector, 89 213, 231-256 (passim) bioassays, 3, 7, 193-197, 199, 200-201, 203, biological integrity, 9, 11, 89, 92, 231-256 213 environmentally responsible facilities, 46 decision analysis, 32 62 evolution of environmental regulation, 44 life-cycle analysis, linear valuation, 35 life-cycle analysis, 29, 32, 42, 44, 47-48 rangelands, 92-93, 94 managerial decision support, 180, 181-182, Tennessee Valley Authority, 260-284 183, 186 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 301... ... T fossil fuel combustion, 146-147 landfills, 24, 48, 68, 107, 112, 146 Technology comparisons life-cycle analysis, 15, 26, 27, 30, 55, 57, agricultural sustainability, 79-80, 81 58, 59, 61 design-for-environment approaches, 43 managerial decision support, 178, 182, 184 emission control, 42 material metrics, 158, 160-161, 162, 166 life-cycle analysis, 5, 15-28, 31-32, 43, 57- 167, 170 58 materials balances and aggregate waste net energy expenditure, 5, 15-28 generation, with breakdowns by sector, proprietary information, 66 96-156 (passim) Tennessee Valley Authority, 11, 260-284 metals processing, 140, 141 chemical indicators, 261, 262, 267-277, minerals, fuels, 118-120, 123, 148-149 280, 282 minerals, other, 112-118, 148-149, 169 fish, 266, 267, 270, 273-276, 279, 280, 282 national industrial ecology, 157, 158 3M's waste ratio, 6, 8, 66-69 net energy expenditure, 15, 26, 27 Total factor productivity, see Multifactor organic waste, 58, 68-69, 122, 123, 135 productivity packaging, 50 Toxic Release Inventory, 6, 65-66 3M's waste ratio, 6, 8, 66-69 Toxic substances see also Air pollution; Recycling and reuse; accounting methods, 6, 65-66, 68, 69, 78, Toxic substances; Water pollution 89, 96, 99-100 Water pollution, 4 forest products, 110-112 accounting methods, 68, 69, 91-92, 109, life-cycle analyses, 6, 27, 36, 48, 50, 54, 55, 114, 118, 120 56, 61 agricultural standards, 91-92 mass flows and, 96 Clean Water Act, 42, 90, 91, 93, 191, 193, see also Agricultural chemicals; Bioassays 217, 227, 230, 231-232, 243, 260, 262 Transportation/distribution issues, 9, 47, 48, 55, forestry, 109 56 heavy metal pollutants, 50, 147, 167-168, just-in-time inventory practices, 49, 50 266 motor vehicles, 16, 17, 35 life-cycle analyses, 27, 48, 55, 57, 58, 59 natural gas, 120, 124 60, 61 Read the entire page →
From page 302... ... INDEX 303 mineral fuels extraction/processing, 118, Water resources 120, 149 consumption, by sector, 96-97, 99, 106, mining, other, 114 120, 146, 149 net energy expenditure analyses, 27 Tennessee Valley Authority, 260-284 nonpoint-source pollution, 10, 42, 91, 93, Watersheds, 89, 90, 93, 230, 236, 252, 255 94, 254, 255 Wildlife, see Bioassays; Biodiversity; Habitat sediment quality, 213, 261, 266, 270-272, World Resources Institute, 73, 78-83 274, 277, 280, 282 see also Bioassays; Erosion and sedimentation; Rivers and streams Read the entire page →

From page 295...

... Aquatic ecosystems, see Benthic communities; import/export, 125, 134, 135, 169 Chemical toxins, see Agricultural chemicals; Bioassays; Fish and fisheries; Rivers Bioassays; Toxic substances and streams; Water pollution Automobiles, see Motor vehicles Chlorofluorocarbons, see Ozone layer Clay industry, 145-146, 151 Clean Water Act, 42, 90, 91, 93, 191, 193, 217, B 227, 230, 231-232, 243, 260, 262 biological integrity, 227, 230, 231-232, 243 Benthic communities, 11, 233, 261, 263, 266, see also Federal Water Pollution Control 267, 270-273, 274, 278, 280, 282 Act Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity, 233, 278 Clean Water Initiative (TVA) , 260 Best management practices, 92, 94-95, 244 Coal mining, see Energy resource extraction and processing

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From page 296...

... TVA, Vital Signs, 260-263 recycling and reuse of materials, 21-25, 66 67 see also Bioassays; Biodiversity; Habitat; Physical and chemical metrics see also Accounting methods Effluent bioassays, 3, 4, 7, 10, 199-201 Cropping Practices Survey, 80 chemical indicators, 191, 192, 194, 195, 196 fish, 193, 194 D Electric power accounting methods, 8, 84-86, 119 Data sources, see Computer applications; life-cycle analyses, 19-20, 26, 50-51 Information sources net energy expenditure, 19-20, 26 Decision analysis and support, 30, 31-35 Emergency Planning and Community Right-to managerial decision support, 5-6, 177-187 Know Act, 6 measurement error, 96, 136, 180-182, 183 Emission control technologies, 42, 49-50, 56, multiple-objective decision making, 32 57, 146 value functions, 32-33, 35-40, 46 Employment issues, 71, 72, 73 see also Computer applications; Information motivation, 47, 50, 51, 56, 60, 67-68, 69, sources; Life-cycle assessment 178, 179-180, 183 Department of Agriculture, 80-81, 102, 104, Energy requirements, 162, 164 107 air pollution, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124, Department of Energy, 199, 203-204 150 Department of the Interior, see Bureau of Mines life-cycle analyses, 5, 15-28, 50-51, 54, 56, Design-for-environment approaches, 43-62 58, 59, 60 defined, 43 technology comparisons, 5, 15-28

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From page 297...

... Geological Survey Glass, 132, 145-146 F energy costs, 19, 21, 25 Global measures, 8-9, 42, 43, 44, 161 Farm Costs and Returns Survey, 80 greenhouse gases, 2, 40, 46, 58, 82, 101Farming, see Agricultural sector 102, 146 Federal government green payments, 83 funding, 38-39, 94 ozone layer, 2, 43 national material metrics, 169-170 see also Import and exports rangelands, 92 Greenhouse gases, 2, 40, 46, 58, 82, 101-102, 146 see also Legislation; Regulatory issues; Green payments, 83 specific departments and agencies Gross domestic investment, 73, 74, 75 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Gross domestic product, 73, 74, 159, 164, 166, Act, 192 170 Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 232 Gross national product, 7 see also Clean Water Act Fertilizers, see Agricultural chemicals Fish and fisheries, 10, 11, 42, 48, 227-263 H (passim) accounting methods, 72-73, 75, 78, 98, 104, Habitat, 51, 54, 55, 59, 255 see also Bioassays; Biodiversity; Fish and 105, 107, 108 fisheries; Rivers and streams ambient toxicity testing, 204, 211

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From page 298...

... INDEX 299 Health effects, see Diseases and disorders net energy expenditure, 21, 22, 23 Heating systems, 16-18 Swedish Environmental Priority Strategies, Heavy metal pollutants, 50, 147, 167-168, 266 33, 35-40 Histological measures, 10 Inventory analysis, 27, 30-31, 49, 50 Historical perspectives, 1, 44, 86 Invertebrate Community Index, 233, 234, 250 bioassays, 191-192, 217, 222, 223 electric power generation, 85 natural resource accounting, 70-72 J Just-in-time inventory practices, 49, 50 I Imports and exports, 72, 85, 96, 156, 158, 168- L 169 agricultural/food products, 98, 105, 106, Landfills, 24, 48, 68, 107, 112, 146 Land use, see Agricultural sector; Ranching and 107, 162, 169 rangelands; Site selection chemicals, 125, 134, 135, 169 energy products, 121, 162 Leaks and leak indicators, 58, 120, 167-168 Legislation, 42, 90, 217 forest products, 109, 111, 112, 162 Clean Water Act, 42, 90, 91, 93, 191, 193, metals, 138, 162, 169 minerals, 114, 115, 117, 162, 169 217, 227, 230, 231-232, 243, 260, 262 Emergency Planning and Community petroleum products, 120, 169 Right-to-Know Act, 6 Index of Biotic Integrity, 9, 11, 233, 234, 234 237, 240-252 Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, 192 Index of Well-Being, 233, 251, 252 Federal Water Pollution Control Act, 232 Indicators, see Bioassays; Chemical indicators; Leaks and leak indicators; Physical Food, Agriculture, Conservation and Trade Act, 83 indicators Indicator species, 10, 11 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 68, 192 multimetric biotic indices, 11, 233-234 Superfund Amendments and Indonesia, 7, 73-76 Information sources Reauthorization Act, 65-66 see also Regulatory issues agricultural sustainability, 79-80, 81-83 Life-cycle assessment, 3, 5-6, 14-62 life-cycle analysis, 18-20, 30-31 material metrics, 160-170 air pollution, 27, 36, 48, 50, 56, 57, 58, 60, 61 net energy expenditure, 18-20 biodiversity, 35, 39, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48 proprietary, 66 see also Computer applications; Decision chemical indicators, 27, 38 consumer behavior, 28, 29, 39-40, 44 analysis and support cost-benefit factors, 16-28, 36, 37-39, 49, Inorganic chemicals industry, 123-134 Insecticides, see Agricultural chemicals 50-51, 52 decision analysis, 5-6, 30, 31-35 Intensity-of-use metrics, 164 defined, 5, 30 Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality, 3 design-for-environment approaches, 43-62 electric power, 19-20, 26, 50-51 International perspectives, 7 energy requirements, 5, 15-28, 50-51, 54, developing countries, 71-72, 73-76 evolution of environmental regulation, 44 56, 58, 59, 60 environmentally responsible facilities, 42 Index of Biotic Integrity, 11 62 life-cycle analyses, 21, 22, 23, 33, 35-40, 44, 48-49 impact analysis, 30 improvement analysis, 30, 31 national material metrics, 159

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From page 299...

... 300 INDEX international perspectives, 21, 22, 23, 33, Multiple-objective decision making, 32 35-40, 44, 48-49 Multivariate analysis, 209-211, 233-234 inventory analysis, 27, 30-31, 49, 50 limitations of, 5, 31, 32, 35-41, 46, 52 technology comparisons, 5, 15-28, 31-32, N 43, 57-58 National Agricultural Statistical Service, 80 water pollution, 27, 48, 55, 57, 58, 59-60, 61 Lighting of facilities, 51 National Coastal Pollution Discharge Inventory, 168 Linear index method, 33, 34 National-level conditions Liquid waste, see Water pollution Local conditions, 10, 29, 30, 42, 43, 45, 47, 48 biological integrity, 237 income and resource accounting, 7-8, 70-76 national material metrics and, 159 Indonesia, 7, 73-76 U.S., industrial ecology, national material M metrics, 157-173 U.S., materials balances and aggregate Mass measurements waste generation, with breakdowns by linear valuation, 35 sector, 96-156 materials balances and aggregate waste see also Imports and exports generation, with breakdowns by sector, National Oceanic and Atmospheric 96-156 Administration, 168 3M's waste ratio, 6, 8, 66-69 National Pollution Discharge Elimination Materials selection and metrics System, 193 air pollution, 157, 158, 160, 162 Natural resource accounting, 7-8, 70-83 design-for-environment approaches, 43, 46, Net domestic investment, 73-74, 75 50, 56, 57 Net energy expenditure, 5, 15-28 industrial ecology, 43, 44, 157-173 Noise, 59 materials balances and aggregate waste Nonpoint-source pollution, 10, 42, 91, 93, 94, generation, with breakdowns by sector, 254, 255 96-156 net energy expenditure, 5, 15-28 see also Imports and exports; Recycling and O reuse Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 147 Measurement error bioassays, 194-197, 241 Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, 11, 228-254, 255 managerial decision support, 180-182, 183 Oil products, 3, 16, 118, 120-124, 124, 147, material balances and aggregate waste generation, 96, 109, 110, 136 150 heating systems, 16-18 Metals smelting and refining, 138-145, 149, import/export, 120, 169 151, 158, 162-164 air pollution, 140-141, 142 motor vehicles, 16, 17, 35 Organic chemicals industry, 134-138 import/export, 138, 162, 169 Organic waste, 58, 68-69, 122, 123, 135 Mining, energy minerals, see Energy resource extraction and processing Organization-based measurements, see Bioassays; Raw-flux measurements; Mining, not energy minerals, 112-118, 148, 3M's waste ratio 150, 158, 161, 169 air pollution, 114, 150 Ozone layer, 2, 43 Bureau of Mines, 114, 158 import/export, 114, 115, 117, 162, 169 Motor vehicles, 16, 17, 35 P Multifactor productivity, 71, 84-86 Packaging, 50 Multimetric biotic indices, 11, 233-234 Pesticides, see Agricultural chemicals

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From page 300...

... INDEX 301 Physical indicators, 9, 35, 89, 90, 191, 195, national material metrics and, 159 202, 210-211, 261, 262, 263, 266, 267 productivity and, 86 Plant-based measurements, see Bioassays; urban siting of facilities, 47-48 Raw-flux measurements; 3M's waste waste accounting, 170 ratio water pollutants, bioassays, 3, 191, 193, Precautionary principle, 31 217, 227, 230, 231-232, 243, 260, Principal component analysis, 209 see also Standards Reservoir Fish Assemblage Index, 273 Reservoirs, TVA'e ecological health Q assessment, 260-276, 279-283 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, 68, Quality management process, 217-226 192 Reuse, see Recycling and reuse Rivers and streams, 4 R ambient toxicity testing, 199-216 Ranching and rangelands, 89, 92-95, 101 comprehensive studies, 217-226 Rapid Bioassessment Protocols, 233, 234 reservoirs, 260-276 Recreation, see Aesthetics and recreation sediment quality, 213, 261, 266, 270-272, Recycling and reuse 274, 277, 280, 282 accounting methods, 66, 68 TVA ecological health assessment, 260-284 chemicals industry, 128, 130-131 watersheds, 89, 90, 93, 230, 236, 252, 255 cost-benefit factors, 21-25, 66-67 see also Erosion and sedimentation; Fish energy expenditure, 21-25, 27 and fisheries; Water pollution forest products, 109-110, 112, 165, 166 industrial facility siting and, 48-49, 54 life-cycle analyses, 21-25, 27, 48-49, 50, S 51, 54-55, 57-58, 60-61 Science Applications International Corporation, managerial decision support, 184, 186 108, 142, 145 material balances and aggregate waste Sedimentation, see Erosion and sedimentation generation, with breakdowns by sector, Sediment quality, 213, 261, 266, 270-272, 274, 109-110, 112, 128, 130-131 277, 280, 282 material metrics, 157, 160-161, 164-167 Site selection, industrial facilities, 47-49, 54 metals, 140-141, 142, 161, 165-166 Society of Environmental Toxicology and oil refining, byproducts, 120, 122-123 Chemistry, 30, 40 raw materials use vs, 164-166 Solid waste, see Waste and waste treatment Regional conditions, 7-8, 43, 44, 48 Soils, see Agricultural sector; Erosion and agricultural sustainability, 81, 82 sedimentation; Ranching and rangelands biotic integrity, 236-237, 240 Species diversity, see Multimetric biotic indices Indonesia, 7, 73-76 Standards Tennessee Valley Authority, 11, 260-284 accounting methods, 72-73, 91-92 Regression analysis, 209, 210, 211, 214 agricultural pollution, 89-92, 93-95 Regulatory issues bioassays, 3, 7, 193-197, 199, 200-201, 203, agricultural sector, 89 213, 231-256 (passim) bioassays, 3, 7, 193-197, 199, 200-201, 203, biological integrity, 9, 11, 89, 92, 231-256 213 environmentally responsible facilities, 46 decision analysis, 32 62 evolution of environmental regulation, 44 life-cycle analysis, linear valuation, 35 life-cycle analysis, 29, 32, 42, 44, 47-48 rangelands, 92-93, 94 managerial decision support, 180, 181-182, Tennessee Valley Authority, 260-284 183, 186 (passim)

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From page 301...

... T fossil fuel combustion, 146-147 landfills, 24, 48, 68, 107, 112, 146 Technology comparisons life-cycle analysis, 15, 26, 27, 30, 55, 57, agricultural sustainability, 79-80, 81 58, 59, 61 design-for-environment approaches, 43 managerial decision support, 178, 182, 184 emission control, 42 material metrics, 158, 160-161, 162, 166 life-cycle analysis, 5, 15-28, 31-32, 43, 57- 167, 170 58 materials balances and aggregate waste net energy expenditure, 5, 15-28 generation, with breakdowns by sector, proprietary information, 66 96-156 (passim) Tennessee Valley Authority, 11, 260-284 metals processing, 140, 141 chemical indicators, 261, 262, 267-277, minerals, fuels, 118-120, 123, 148-149 280, 282 minerals, other, 112-118, 148-149, 169 fish, 266, 267, 270, 273-276, 279, 280, 282 national industrial ecology, 157, 158 3M's waste ratio, 6, 8, 66-69 net energy expenditure, 15, 26, 27 Total factor productivity, see Multifactor organic waste, 58, 68-69, 122, 123, 135 productivity packaging, 50 Toxic Release Inventory, 6, 65-66 3M's waste ratio, 6, 8, 66-69 Toxic substances see also Air pollution; Recycling and reuse; accounting methods, 6, 65-66, 68, 69, 78, Toxic substances; Water pollution 89, 96, 99-100 Water pollution, 4 forest products, 110-112 accounting methods, 68, 69, 91-92, 109, life-cycle analyses, 6, 27, 36, 48, 50, 54, 55, 114, 118, 120 56, 61 agricultural standards, 91-92 mass flows and, 96 Clean Water Act, 42, 90, 91, 93, 191, 193, see also Agricultural chemicals; Bioassays 217, 227, 230, 231-232, 243, 260, 262 Transportation/distribution issues, 9, 47, 48, 55, forestry, 109 56 heavy metal pollutants, 50, 147, 167-168, just-in-time inventory practices, 49, 50 266 motor vehicles, 16, 17, 35 life-cycle analyses, 27, 48, 55, 57, 58, 59 natural gas, 120, 124 60, 61

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From page 302...

... INDEX 303 mineral fuels extraction/processing, 118, Water resources 120, 149 consumption, by sector, 96-97, 99, 106, mining, other, 114 120, 146, 149 net energy expenditure analyses, 27 Tennessee Valley Authority, 260-284 nonpoint-source pollution, 10, 42, 91, 93, Watersheds, 89, 90, 93, 230, 236, 252, 255 94, 254, 255 Wildlife, see Bioassays; Biodiversity; Habitat sediment quality, 213, 261, 266, 270-272, World Resources Institute, 73, 78-83 274, 277, 280, 282 see also Bioassays; Erosion and sedimentation; Rivers and streams

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Index Pages 295-303

Index
Pages 295-303