Biographical Memoirs Volume 69 (1996) / Chapter Skim
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HERMAN MORITZ KALCKAR
HERMAN MORITZ KALCKAR
Pages 148-165
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their origins in his early family life. His mother, Bertha Rosalie Melchior KaTckar, react wiclely in French en c!
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In his masterly and highly influential review in 1941 Lipmann was to emphasize the central role of aclenosine triphosphate (ATP) as an "energy-rich" phosphate ester, the breakdown of which to aclenosine cliphos phate (ADP)
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that the complete utilization of glu cose in muscle leacis to the procluction of about seventeen times more ATP via oxidative phosphorylation than is produced in anaerobic glycolysis. Oxidative phosphorylation is
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into the mechanism of oxiciative phosphorylation with the clevelopment by Peter Mitchell of the chemiosmotic theory. To this ciate many important features of oxiciative phosphorylation remain imperfectly unclerstoocI, but KaTckar's work openec!
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later to KaTckar's interest in microbial molecular biology. During his stay in Pasadena, with the encouragement of Linus Pauling, Kalckar undertook the preparation of a comprehensive review of bioenergetics with emphasis on the role of phosphate esters in energy transduction.
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aclenylate kinase, that catalyzes the following reaclily reversible reaction: ATP + AMP 2 ADP (~y Many biological processes leac! to the production of acIenosine monophosphate (AMP)
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The principal theme of research at the new "Cytofysiologisk Institute" was the metabolism of nucleosides and nucleotides. Kalckar attracted gifted young collaborators, such as Hans Klenow, Morris Friec~kin, en c!
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direct evidence that the synthesis of uridine diphosphate galactose floes in fact occur in extracts of the yeast Saccharomyces Francis by reaction (3) , catalyzed by the enzyme galactose-~-P uridyly!
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the publication of his highly original proposal that the contamination of foodstuffs from the fallout following atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons conic! be measurer!
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The final definitive experiments reveaTec! that the bincling protein plays a vital role
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Kalckar's achievements in science brought him wicle recognition, inclucling election to the National Academy of Sciences, the Royal Danish Academy, and the American Acad
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Niels, to whom he was cleeply clevotecI, were born of his second marriage to the developmental biologist Barbara Wright. After clissolution of that marriage, KaTckar in 1968 marries!
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148: 117. 1944 Spectroscopic microdetermination of muscle adenylic acid.
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Enzymatic oxidation of uridine diphosphate glucose to uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid.
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50:469. 1958 An international milk teeth radiation census.
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Mutations in the phosphoglucose isomerase gene can lead to marked alterations in cellular ATP levels in cultured fibroblasts exposed to simple nutrient shifts.
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