Contaminated Sediments in Ports and Waterways Cleanup Strategies and Technologies (1997) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix C: Case Histories of Representative Remediation Projects
Appendix C: Case Histories of Representative Remediation Projects
Pages 225-238
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From page 225... ...
The sites selected for evaluation were Boston Harbor, Massachusetts; Hart and Miller islands, Maryland; James River, Virginia; Marathon Battery, New York; Port of Tacoma, Washington; and Waukegan Harbor, Illinois. 1 This appendix has been edited for grammar and style; accuracy is the sole responsibility of the authors.
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From page 226... ...
In situ treatment No No No No No No Ex situ treatment No Limited No Yes No Yes Ex situ containment CDFs; confinement Containment islands None Landfill Diked contain- Diked containment ment Examples of Landfill cover and Recreational area, None None Enhanced port and None beneficial uses cap; real estate reduced erosion habitat Institutional/ Public involvement Public opposition Fisheries contam- Wildlife area Stakeholder Human health; intangible factors nation, high cost cooperation Superfund of remediation CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS IN PORTS AND WATERWAYS xxx
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From page 227... ...
The dredging project stalled because of a number of factors, including political changes in the state, growing public concern about the offshore placement of dredged material near an area subsequently designated as a national marine sanctuary, and the tightening of sediment characterization criteria. The USACE and the local project sponsor (the Massachusetts Port Authority or MASSPORT)
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From page 228... ...
Contaminated sediments from the remainder of the channel were to be placed in these pits and capped with a layer of sand at least three feet thick. Clean dredged material from the deeper sediments of each pit was to be barged offshore for placement at the MBDS.
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From page 229... ...
HART AND MILLER ISLANDS, MARYLAND The Hart and Miller islands project involves a diked confined disposal facility (CDF) that was constructed specifically to receive all sediments dredged from Baltimore Harbor and its approach channels within the Patapsco River.
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From page 230... ...
Subsequently, the dikes were temporarily raised 10 feet, from 18 to 28 feet, for the 50-foot deepening project because substantial capacity was used to contain clean sediments from the approach channel when no other placement sites were available. A continuing inability to secure consensus on placement has resulted in a state decision to raise the dikes permanently in the facility's north cell another 16 feet, which would add 30 million cubic yards of capacity.
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From page 231... ...
Background This estuarine system had been studied extensively prior to the discovery of the Kepone contamination, and these early investigations not only supported the need for subsequent ecological studies but also helped create a strong scientific basis for making sound management decisions. The Kepone distribution pattern coupled with the hydrophobic nature of this pesticide suggested that contaminant transport was dominated by physical processes affecting the distribution of suspended sediments.
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From page 232... ...
. Commercial fisheries reopened in 1988 when the contamination decreased, the sediments had been covered sufficiently by uncontaminated materials to diminish the Kepone flux back into the water column, and Kepone concentrations in organisms inhabiting the river were below federal action levels.
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From page 233... ...
Marathon Battery is a Superfund site located along the eastern shore of the Hudson River, approximately 80 km north of New York City. The area has a long history of industrial use, first as a foundry producing armaments and then, until 1979, as a plant producing nickel-cadmium batteries.
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From page 234... ...
The Sitcum Waterway, an industrial and commercial shipping channel, is a Superfund site within Commencement Bay in the City of Tacoma. Shorelines of
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From page 235... ...
It was agreed that EPA would be the lead federal agency for the remediation of contaminated sediments, whereas the state Department of the Environment would take the lead in controlling the sources of hazardous substances. The EPA asked the Port of Tacoma to consider including Sitcum sediment remediation as part of longstanding near-shore fill and waterway dredging projects, and the port agreed, assuming the responsibilities of the principal responsible party.
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From page 236... ...
Overall Assessment The Blair/Milwaukee/Sitcum project was successful in many ways: It settled Superfund liability for contaminated sediments in near-shore areas, provided sufficient depth for navigation to allow the continuation of port activities, provided cleanup and navigational improvements in adjoining waterways, provided for the environmentally acceptable placement of contaminated sediments, facilitated habitat restoration, and generated filled land in the port for productive (industrial) uses.
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From page 237... ...
The company's subsequent negotiations with the EPA and the associated litigation and delays led to OMC signing a consent decree and assuming responsibility for completing the cleanup. In the meantime, however, Superfund was reauthorized, and the new legislation forced consideration of advanced treatment to achieve significant contaminant removal rather than simple containment.
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From page 238... ...
can contribute to project completion; such actions obviously are facilitated by partnerships among, and the early in volvement of, all affected parties. • Monitoring and a long-term commitment to active site management (e.g., through groundwater pumping)
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