Regulating Pesticides (1980) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix D: Literature Search on the Biological Aspects of the Use of the Pesticide Dimethoate
Appendix D: Literature Search on the Biological Aspects of the Use of the Pesticide Dimethoate
Pages 262-278
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From page 262... ...
1. GRAPES GRAPE LEAFHOPPER Need for Grape Leafhopper Control In California, the grape leafhopper, Erythroneura elegantula, is the single most important pest of grapes to be controlled with dimethoate.
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From page 263... ...
The authors estimated that up to 20 leafhopper nymphs per leaf in the first brood and 10 nymphs in the second can be tolerated on Thompson Seedless grapevines. It was concluded that growers' tolerance of these levels of infestation would eliminate unnecessary pesticide applications and thereby reduce operating costs, retard the development of pesticide resistance by pests, and reduce incidences of biological disruption.
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From page 265... ...
According to the usDA/State assessment team on dimethoate (usDA/State 1978) , pacific mite populations increase rapidly during the warmer times of the year, and, within a 10-day period, an otherwise healthy vineyard may become brown and sickly because of mite feeding.
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From page 266... ...
(1974) also studied the ejects of pacific mites on grape yield and quality and found that mite infestations caused reduction in grape quality only when the grapevines were under high stress.
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Once the predator population is destroyed, any surviving pacific mites can reproduce explosively and reach economically damaging densities before the predator population can increase enough to control them. This disruption leads to wildly fluctuating predator and prey populations and results in overexploitation of the prey by the predator, bringing about population crashes and continuation of imbalance.
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From page 268... ...
Sprinkling costs more money than furrow irrigation, but the use of sprinkler irrigation increases grape quality and production, electively reduces spring frost, summer heat, and powdery mildew problems, and saves money by reducing the need for pesticide applications. The judicious use of acaricides, which are selectively poisonous to pacific mites but not to M
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From page 269... ...
studied scarring of table grapes by western flower thrips and found that the thrips scarred the rachis, laterals, and berry pedicels of Thompson Seedless and Calmeria grapes, but did not cause necrotic scars on the surface of the fruit. The author found that grape clusters that supported up to 1,582 thrips did not have a greater amount of surface scars than noninfected clusters.
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From page 270... ...
270 ~ V V ~ ~ on V ~ .= V: : o ~ ·_ S · :~, `.L, to, ~ .S Cal ~ pi.
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From page 271... ...
Yokoyama (1977a) examined the ejects of grape thrips on Thompson Seedless grapes and found that the thrips were not associated with scarred fruit.
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From page 272... ...
Jensen. Flower thrips damage to table grapes in San Joaquin Valley: (1)
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From page 273... ...
Flower thrips nymphs involved in scarring of Thompson seedless grapes. California Agriculture 27(10)
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From page 274... ...
274 o V, Cal O '~D o Do.
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From page 275... ...
0.15 lb/acre spray 1461 Ib/acre 0.50 Ib/acre spray 1559 Ib/acre TABLE D ~ ~ Grain Sorghum Yield of Greenbug Susceptible and Resistant Strains of Sorghum Greenbug Sorghum Straina Exposure Yield Source Susceptible Yes 158 g/plant Harvey and Susceptible No 211 g/plant Hackerott Resistant Yes 186 g/plant (1974)
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From page 276... ...
Flower thrips nymphs involved in scarring of Thompson Seedless grapes. California Agriculture 27(10)
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From page 277... ...
Natural control of spider mites on wine grape verities in northern California. Environmental Entomology 1 :513-518.
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From page 278... ...
(1977a) Drepanothrips reuteri on Thompson seedless grapes.
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