Mortality of Veteran Participants in the CROSSROADS Nuclear Test (1996) / Chapter Skim
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Exposure Definition, Measurement, and Verification
Exposure Definition, Measurement, and Verification
Pages 35-43
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From page 35... ...
Using participant status to represent exposure, in this case exposure to an atmospheric nuclear test (including ionizing radiation and possibly other environmental factors) has many limitations for use in an epidemiologic study.
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From page 36... ...
study of CROSSROADS participants reported here included the use of these individual dose assignments. Later, a committee of another MFUA nuclear test exposure projects reviewed the DNA dosimetry estimating procedures and results and issued a letter report (IOM 1995)
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From page 37... ...
2) The conclusions also state, "Although there is anecdotal evidence that individual doses may have been greatly underestimated in individual cases, the overall tendency may have been to overestimate both external and internal doses." The concurrence of both veterans with cancer having higher likelihood of individually reconstructed doses and reconstructed doses being more likely to be overestimated than others could introduce serious bias into the epidemiologic
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From page 38... ...
We found that individuals with very similar badged totals had widely disparate assigned doses due to differing dose reconstructions. In summary, seeing no evidence that the film badge data provided a useful exposure surrogate, we chose not to use them.
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From page 39... ...
While all personnel were removed from target ships before the detonations, many reboarded those ships to monitor experiments, retrieve instruments, or decontaminate the vessel. Radiation safety officers were mostly medical and scientific personnel who carried radiation detection devices (e.g., Geiger counters)
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From page 40... ...
TABLE 8-1. Broad Occupational Specialty Groupings of Navy Enlisted Ratings Developed from "Navy Career Paths" (1949)
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From page 41... ...
TABLE 8-2. General Rank/Rating and Occupational Specialty Categories for Navy Personnel Engineering & Hull specialties, junior enlisted paygrades E1-E3 Engineering & Hull specialties, midlevel enlisted paygrades E4-E5 Engineering & Hull specialties, senior enlisted paygrades E6-E7 All other enlisted specialties, El-E3 All other enlisted specialties, E4-E5 All other enlisted specialties, E6-E7 All officers, W1-W4 and 01-010 There is great variability in occupation and activities within each of the above groups.
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From page 42... ...
and reconstructed doses to individuals, we recognize that those data may be useful for other than dose-response epidemiologic analyses with the individual as the unit of analysis. We tabulated the surrogate measures of exposure described in this chapter-occupation, paygrade, boarder status, participant status with the DNA dose estimates assigned to the personnel in those categories, thinking that general concordance would add support to our use of those surrogates.
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From page 43... ...
Overall, we believe our selections of dose surrogate groups are consonant with the assigned total dose data and are not refuted by the badge data. DECISIONS FOR THE ANALYSES IN THIS REPORT Based on our considerations as described in the preceding sections, the committee and staff decided not to use dosimetry data in the analysis.
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