The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

INDEX
Pages 169-177

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 169... ... Index Read the entire page →
From page 171... ... . Airway science program appropriations, 108 current status, 109- 110 171 curriculum development, 110 in expanding workforce diversity, 109 failure of, 108 growth of, 108 origins of, 107 rationale, 107 specializations, 107-108 in standardization of training curricula, 108-109 Aviation industry ah initio training programs, 6, 89, 9092 aircraft size, 100-101 benefits of airway science program for, 108-109 classification system, 24-27 collaboration for training, 103-104, 106, 110-111, 112 in collegiate accreditation system, 7, 111-112 commercial market, 25 economic significance, 28-30 gender-neutral terminology, 125 general aviation market, 27 hiring criteria, 10, 141-142 Read the entire page →
From page 172... ... 172 hiring patterns, 33-35 historical development, 18-24 in intermodal transportation system, 27-28 local service airlines, 21, 22 market characteristics, 13, 18, 22-23, 99 mergers, 20, 22 minority participation, 116-117 national interest, 1, 13 participation in training, 102-103 105, 106-107, 110-113 partnerships for increasing workforce diversity, 122-125 projected workforce needs, 99-100, 105 recent history, 13- 14 relations between carriers, 26-27 responsiveness to economic conditions, 3, 30 supplemental carriers, 21 trunk carriers, 20-21, 22 wage and salary trends, 36-40 willingness to increase workforce diversity, 147-151 womenin, 116, 117 worker supply and demand, 50-52, 105 workforce characteristics, 2-4, 15, 16, 18, 28, 29, 30-33 Aviation maintenance technician (transport) , 44, 83 Aviation maintenance technicians, 3, 4344, 102, 125 collegiate training, 83-84 See also Technicians Aviation repair specialist, 44 B Black-McKellar Act, 19-20 C Certificated carriers definition and characteristics, 25 INDEX employment, 31-33 historical development, 20-22 Certification and licensing, 15 airline qualifications and, 7-8, 112113 flight instructors/schools, 79 flight time requirements, 112-113 government role, 52 for minorities and women, 115- 116 on-thejob training and, 78 pilots, 40-42, 79-80 recommendations for, 7-8, 112-113 technicians, 42-44, 81, 83-84 Civil Aeronautics Board, 20-22, 23 Collegiate aviation training, 6 accreditation, 7, 111-112 alternative programs, 89-90 career outcomes, 88-89 comparison with other training pathways, 92-98 costs, 139-140 current characteristics, 81, 82-83, 84 enrollment/graduation data, 84-88 FAA certification and, 7-8, 112-113 flight time, 88, 89 historical development, 81-82, 105106 industry collaboration, 103-104, 106107, 110-112 loans and subsidies, 139-141 outreach to underrepresented groups, 122 pilot quality, 96 program offerings, 82, 84 prospects, 98, 103 recommendations for, 7, 9, 111, 112 specialized pilot programs, 90 standardization, 7, 106, 110- 111 for technicians, 83-84 women in, 87-88 Commuter air carriers, 25-26 Compensation for aviation workers, 3 deregulation effects, 36, 39 formula for pilots, 20 historical patterns, 22, 23 industry comparison, 37-39 Read the entire page →
From page 173... ... . airway science program appropriations, 108 as barrier to increasing diversity, 139-142 college loans and subsidies, 139-141 comparison of training pathways, 92, 94 paid by trainee, 89, 91, 94-95, 141 recommendations for financial assistance, 10, 141-142 Council on Aviation Accreditation, 110, 11 1 Crew resource management, 96, 106 D Deregulation, 13, 17, 20 labor costs and, 36, 39 origins of, 23 outcomes, 23-24 Discriminatory employment practices, 11 current status, 4, 44 glass ceiling, 148-151 historical patterns, 44, 115- 117 legal prohibition, 117- 118 Diversity of workforce academic competencies of underrepresented groups, 10, 128 129, 131, 136-139 affirmative action oversight, 118- 119 aviation industry commitment to, 147-148, 151 barriers to, 10-11, 139 comparison of training pathways as contributing to, 92, 95, 96 cost of training as obstacle to, 139 142 current concerns, 1, 2, 3-4, 14, 17, 114-115 173 current profile, 15-16, 44-50 data sources, 44-46, 52 developing interest of underrepresented groups in aviation, 8-9, 119, 120-128 effects of airway science program, 109 historical patterns, 8, 14, 44, 114, 115-119 implications of military downsizing, 4, 61-62, 69-75 industry comparisons, 45 legal issues, 117-118 in military aviation, 4, 53-54 partnerships for promoting, 122-125 pilot selection criteria and, 142-147 prospects, 113 public image of aviation industry and, 125-128 rationale for increasing, 2, 8, 114 recommendations for increasing, 811, 121, 122, 124-125, 128, 138139, 141, 142, 147, 151 strategies for increasing, 119 student-paid training as obstacle to, 95, 96 in upper management, 148-151 EEducation and training for aviation careers ah initio, 6, 89, 90-92 accreditation systems, 7, 110, 111 adaptability to industry needs, 97, 98- 105 barriers to minority participation, 1011, 139 basic academic competencies, 10, 128-131 career continuum, 51 career opportunities information, 123-125 certification for mechanics, 42-44 collegiate-industry collaboration, 7, 103-104, 106, 112 comparison of pathways, 92-98 Read the entire page →
From page 174... ... 174 as contributing to workforce diversity, 92, 95, 96 cost of, 10, 89, 92, 94-95 current concerns, 1-2, 14 current enrollment, 15 employment market and, 80-81 financial assistance, 10, 141-142 foreign hires, 5, 6, 78 framework for assessing effectiveness of, 92 freestanding schools for, 79, 80, 81 future prospects, 5, 6-7, 97-98 government participation, 107 industry participation, 102- 103, 105, 106-107, 110-113 for minorities and women, historical development of, 115-116 minority preparation in elementary/ secondary school, 131 - 134 on-thejob, 5, 78-81 outcome prediction, 144-146 outreach to underrepresented groups, 8-9, 119, 120-122 pathways, 5-6, 17, 77-78 pilot licensing requirements, 40-42, 79-80 pilot quality, 95 pilot selection criteria, 10- 11, 42, 51, 79, 142-147 projected workforce needs, 99-102 public perception problems, 126-128 range of employment opportunities, 125-126 reliance on military-prepared candidates, 76-77 technological adaptability, 97, 106 time to workforce, 92, 95 transitional training, 80 See also Airway science program; Collegiate aviation training; Elementary/secondary school education; Military training Elementary/secondary school education, 127-128 gender differences in math and science preparation, 135-136 INDEX interventions with underrepresented groups, 136-139 minority exposure to math and science, 131-134 teacher attitudes toward minority achievement, 134-135 F Fares deregulation effects, 23-24 regulation of, 22 Federal Aviation Administration, 24 basic educational/informational activities, 123-125 certification, 3, 5, 15, 25, 51, 78, 112-113 certification for mechanics, 7-8, 4044 commercial aviation classifications, 24, 25-27 in development of accreditation system, 112 employment, 30 flight school/instructor certification, 79 partnerships for increasing workforce diversity, 122-123 recommendations for, 7-8, 112-113 See also Airway science program Feeder carriers, 26-27 Financial assistance, 10, 141-142 First officers. See Copilot Fixed-base operators, 27 Flight instructors, 79 Foreign airlines, 6 Foreign-trained personnel, 5, 6, 78 comparison with other training pathways, 92-98 projections, 98 G General aviation, 27 Glass ceiling, 148-151 Read the entire page →
From page 175... ... INDEX H Helicopter pilots, 57, 59, 63 K Kelly Act. See Contract Mail Act of 1925 L Labor unions, 15 Local service airlines, 21, 22 M Mail service, 19-20 Management workforce data sources, 15 diversity, 44, 47-50, 148-151 Manufacturing industry, 30 Mechanics, 30-31, 33, 43 foreign hires, 78 hiring patterns, 35 terminology, 125 wage trends, 36-37 workforce diversity, 44, 45-47 See also Technicians Mergers, 20, 22, 24 Military downsizing capacity of civilian system to make up for, 98-99, 102, 103 distribution of aviation-related positions, 57-59 diversity of enlistment and, 69 implications for worker supply, 2, 4, 14, 17, 53-54, 76 implications for workforce diversity, 2, 4, 14, 17, 61-62, 69-75 trends, 59-60 Military training advantages, 6 airline hiring patterns, 54-57 aviation enrollment trends, 59-60 aviation industry reliance on, 76-77 collegiate training and, 82 comparison with other training pathways, 92-98 175 distribution of aviation-related positions, 57 diversity of trainee population, 4, 5354, 68-69 historical contribution to civilian aviation, 54 minority enrollment, 62-63, 115, 116 pilot quality, 96-97 pilot selection procedures, 142-146 projections for pilots, 60-61 womenin,63-69, 116 Minorities in airway science program, 109 elementary/secondary school math and science, 131-134 in military aviation, 4, 53-54, 115, 116 military enlistment trends, 62-63, 69 participation in aviation industry, 1, 3-4, 115 student-paid training as obstacle to employment, 95, 96 teacher expectations, 134-135 See also Diversity of workforce o On-thejob training, 5, 78 comparison with other training pathways, 92-98 future prospects, 98 for pilots, 78-81 for technicians, 5, 78, 81 Outsourcing, 33 Pelt grants, 139-140 Pilots p collegiate training, 81-83, 85-90 compensation, 3, 20, 23 continuum of training, 51 foreign hires, 78 gender-neutral terminology, 125 hiring patterns, 3, 33-35, 50-51, 5457 Read the entire page →
From page 176... ... 176 job task analysis skills, 145 licensing requirements, 40-42, 79-80 military backgrounds, 4, 54-57 military downsizing, 59, 60-61, 69 military enlistment, trends in, 59-60, 69 minorities in military, 63, 69 minority and women, historical development of, 115-119 non-airline, 40 numbers of, 2 on-thejob training, 5, 78-81 personality characteristics, 145-146 quality assessment, 95-96 selection criteria, 10-11, 42, 51, 142 147 training pathways, 5-6, 77-78 wage trends, 36, 39-40 women in military, 65-69 worker supply and demand, 50-51, 105 workforce characteristics, 16, 30-31, 33 workforce diversity, 4, 44, 45-47 workforce projections, 99-103 See also Education and training for aviation careers Post Office, 19-20 Productivity, 22-23 pilot, 101-102 Public perception and understanding, 9 aviation image problems, 125-126 developing minority group interest in aviation, 8-9, 119, 120-121 educational efforts for improving, 123-125 of industry hiring criteria, 10- 11, 142 of technical/vocational education, 126-128 R Regulatory environment affirmative action oversight, 118- 119 civil rights law, 117-118 INDEX commercial aviation classification, 25-27 competition, 20-21 current, 52 fare control, 22 historical development, 19-22 historical practice, 13, 16-17 labor costs and, 22, 36 Repairmen, 43, 44 S Science education, 10 Seniority, 36, 39-40 Student loans, 139-141 Supplemental carriers, 21 T Technicians airframe and powerplant, 43, 81 certification, 42-44 collegiate training, 81, 83-84 current workforce, 16, 30-31 hiring patterns, 3, 50-51 military enlistment, historical patterns of, 59-60 military training for, 57 minorities in military, 63, 69 numbers of, 2 on-thejob training, 5, 78, 81 school training for, 81, 83-84 training pathways, 5-6, 77-78 worker supply and demand, 50-51, 105 workforce diversity, 4 workforce projections, 102 See also Aviation maintenance technicians; Mechanics Technological developments, 23 airway science program training for, 107-108 basic academic competencies for. 128-129 comparative adaptability of training pathways, 97 Read the entire page →
From page 177... ... INDEX implications for training, 106 Women implications for workforce, 51 job titles and, 125 need for human factors research, 145 Transitional training, 80, 104, 141-142 Trunk carriers, 20-21, 22 W Wages. See Compensation for aviation workers Watres Act, 19 177 in aviation industry, 1, 3-4, 15, 44, 46-47, 115, 116, 117, 118 in collegiate aviation programs, 8788 math and science education, 135-139 in military, 4, 53-54, 63-69, 116 See also Diversity of workforce Read the entire page →

From page 169...

... Index

Read the entire page →

From page 171...

... . Airway science program appropriations, 108 current status, 109- 110 171 curriculum development, 110 in expanding workforce diversity, 109 failure of, 108 growth of, 108 origins of, 107 rationale, 107 specializations, 107-108 in standardization of training curricula, 108-109 Aviation industry ah initio training programs, 6, 89, 9092 aircraft size, 100-101 benefits of airway science program for, 108-109 classification system, 24-27 collaboration for training, 103-104, 106, 110-111, 112 in collegiate accreditation system, 7, 111-112 commercial market, 25 economic significance, 28-30 gender-neutral terminology, 125 general aviation market, 27 hiring criteria, 10, 141-142

Read the entire page →

From page 172...

... 172 hiring patterns, 33-35 historical development, 18-24 in intermodal transportation system, 27-28 local service airlines, 21, 22 market characteristics, 13, 18, 22-23, 99 mergers, 20, 22 minority participation, 116-117 national interest, 1, 13 participation in training, 102-103 105, 106-107, 110-113 partnerships for increasing workforce diversity, 122-125 projected workforce needs, 99-100, 105 recent history, 13- 14 relations between carriers, 26-27 responsiveness to economic conditions, 3, 30 supplemental carriers, 21 trunk carriers, 20-21, 22 wage and salary trends, 36-40 willingness to increase workforce diversity, 147-151 womenin, 116, 117 worker supply and demand, 50-52, 105 workforce characteristics, 2-4, 15, 16, 18, 28, 29, 30-33 Aviation maintenance technician (transport) , 44, 83 Aviation maintenance technicians, 3, 4344, 102, 125 collegiate training, 83-84 See also Technicians Aviation repair specialist, 44 B Black-McKellar Act, 19-20 C Certificated carriers definition and characteristics, 25 INDEX employment, 31-33 historical development, 20-22 Certification and licensing, 15 airline qualifications and, 7-8, 112113 flight instructors/schools, 79 flight time requirements, 112-113 government role, 52 for minorities and women, 115- 116 on-thejob training and, 78 pilots, 40-42, 79-80 recommendations for, 7-8, 112-113 technicians, 42-44, 81, 83-84 Civil Aeronautics Board, 20-22, 23 Collegiate aviation training, 6 accreditation, 7, 111-112 alternative programs, 89-90 career outcomes, 88-89 comparison with other training pathways, 92-98 costs, 139-140 current characteristics, 81, 82-83, 84 enrollment/graduation data, 84-88 FAA certification and, 7-8, 112-113 flight time, 88, 89 historical development, 81-82, 105106 industry collaboration, 103-104, 106107, 110-112 loans and subsidies, 139-141 outreach to underrepresented groups, 122 pilot quality, 96 program offerings, 82, 84 prospects, 98, 103 recommendations for, 7, 9, 111, 112 specialized pilot programs, 90 standardization, 7, 106, 110- 111 for technicians, 83-84 women in, 87-88 Commuter air carriers, 25-26 Compensation for aviation workers, 3 deregulation effects, 36, 39 formula for pilots, 20 historical patterns, 22, 23 industry comparison, 37-39

Read the entire page →

From page 173...

... . airway science program appropriations, 108 as barrier to increasing diversity, 139-142 college loans and subsidies, 139-141 comparison of training pathways, 92, 94 paid by trainee, 89, 91, 94-95, 141 recommendations for financial assistance, 10, 141-142 Council on Aviation Accreditation, 110, 11 1 Crew resource management, 96, 106 D Deregulation, 13, 17, 20 labor costs and, 36, 39 origins of, 23 outcomes, 23-24 Discriminatory employment practices, 11 current status, 4, 44 glass ceiling, 148-151 historical patterns, 44, 115- 117 legal prohibition, 117- 118 Diversity of workforce academic competencies of underrepresented groups, 10, 128 129, 131, 136-139 affirmative action oversight, 118- 119 aviation industry commitment to, 147-148, 151 barriers to, 10-11, 139 comparison of training pathways as contributing to, 92, 95, 96 cost of training as obstacle to, 139 142 current concerns, 1, 2, 3-4, 14, 17, 114-115 173 current profile, 15-16, 44-50 data sources, 44-46, 52 developing interest of underrepresented groups in aviation, 8-9, 119, 120-128 effects of airway science program, 109 historical patterns, 8, 14, 44, 114, 115-119 implications of military downsizing, 4, 61-62, 69-75 industry comparisons, 45 legal issues, 117-118 in military aviation, 4, 53-54 partnerships for promoting, 122-125 pilot selection criteria and, 142-147 prospects, 113 public image of aviation industry and, 125-128 rationale for increasing, 2, 8, 114 recommendations for increasing, 811, 121, 122, 124-125, 128, 138139, 141, 142, 147, 151 strategies for increasing, 119 student-paid training as obstacle to, 95, 96 in upper management, 148-151 EEducation and training for aviation careers ah initio, 6, 89, 90-92 accreditation systems, 7, 110, 111 adaptability to industry needs, 97, 98- 105 barriers to minority participation, 1011, 139 basic academic competencies, 10, 128-131 career continuum, 51 career opportunities information, 123-125 certification for mechanics, 42-44 collegiate-industry collaboration, 7, 103-104, 106, 112 comparison of pathways, 92-98

Read the entire page →

From page 174...

... 174 as contributing to workforce diversity, 92, 95, 96 cost of, 10, 89, 92, 94-95 current concerns, 1-2, 14 current enrollment, 15 employment market and, 80-81 financial assistance, 10, 141-142 foreign hires, 5, 6, 78 framework for assessing effectiveness of, 92 freestanding schools for, 79, 80, 81 future prospects, 5, 6-7, 97-98 government participation, 107 industry participation, 102- 103, 105, 106-107, 110-113 for minorities and women, historical development of, 115-116 minority preparation in elementary/ secondary school, 131 - 134 on-thejob, 5, 78-81 outcome prediction, 144-146 outreach to underrepresented groups, 8-9, 119, 120-122 pathways, 5-6, 17, 77-78 pilot licensing requirements, 40-42, 79-80 pilot quality, 95 pilot selection criteria, 10- 11, 42, 51, 79, 142-147 projected workforce needs, 99-102 public perception problems, 126-128 range of employment opportunities, 125-126 reliance on military-prepared candidates, 76-77 technological adaptability, 97, 106 time to workforce, 92, 95 transitional training, 80 See also Airway science program; Collegiate aviation training; Elementary/secondary school education; Military training Elementary/secondary school education, 127-128 gender differences in math and science preparation, 135-136 INDEX interventions with underrepresented groups, 136-139 minority exposure to math and science, 131-134 teacher attitudes toward minority achievement, 134-135 F Fares deregulation effects, 23-24 regulation of, 22 Federal Aviation Administration, 24 basic educational/informational activities, 123-125 certification, 3, 5, 15, 25, 51, 78, 112-113 certification for mechanics, 7-8, 4044 commercial aviation classifications, 24, 25-27 in development of accreditation system, 112 employment, 30 flight school/instructor certification, 79 partnerships for increasing workforce diversity, 122-123 recommendations for, 7-8, 112-113 See also Airway science program Feeder carriers, 26-27 Financial assistance, 10, 141-142 First officers. See Copilot Fixed-base operators, 27 Flight instructors, 79 Foreign airlines, 6 Foreign-trained personnel, 5, 6, 78 comparison with other training pathways, 92-98 projections, 98 G General aviation, 27 Glass ceiling, 148-151

Read the entire page →

From page 175...

... INDEX H Helicopter pilots, 57, 59, 63 K Kelly Act. See Contract Mail Act of 1925 L Labor unions, 15 Local service airlines, 21, 22 M Mail service, 19-20 Management workforce data sources, 15 diversity, 44, 47-50, 148-151 Manufacturing industry, 30 Mechanics, 30-31, 33, 43 foreign hires, 78 hiring patterns, 35 terminology, 125 wage trends, 36-37 workforce diversity, 44, 45-47 See also Technicians Mergers, 20, 22, 24 Military downsizing capacity of civilian system to make up for, 98-99, 102, 103 distribution of aviation-related positions, 57-59 diversity of enlistment and, 69 implications for worker supply, 2, 4, 14, 17, 53-54, 76 implications for workforce diversity, 2, 4, 14, 17, 61-62, 69-75 trends, 59-60 Military training advantages, 6 airline hiring patterns, 54-57 aviation enrollment trends, 59-60 aviation industry reliance on, 76-77 collegiate training and, 82 comparison with other training pathways, 92-98 175 distribution of aviation-related positions, 57 diversity of trainee population, 4, 5354, 68-69 historical contribution to civilian aviation, 54 minority enrollment, 62-63, 115, 116 pilot quality, 96-97 pilot selection procedures, 142-146 projections for pilots, 60-61 womenin,63-69, 116 Minorities in airway science program, 109 elementary/secondary school math and science, 131-134 in military aviation, 4, 53-54, 115, 116 military enlistment trends, 62-63, 69 participation in aviation industry, 1, 3-4, 115 student-paid training as obstacle to employment, 95, 96 teacher expectations, 134-135 See also Diversity of workforce o On-thejob training, 5, 78 comparison with other training pathways, 92-98 future prospects, 98 for pilots, 78-81 for technicians, 5, 78, 81 Outsourcing, 33 Pelt grants, 139-140 Pilots p collegiate training, 81-83, 85-90 compensation, 3, 20, 23 continuum of training, 51 foreign hires, 78 gender-neutral terminology, 125 hiring patterns, 3, 33-35, 50-51, 5457

Read the entire page →

From page 176...

... 176 job task analysis skills, 145 licensing requirements, 40-42, 79-80 military backgrounds, 4, 54-57 military downsizing, 59, 60-61, 69 military enlistment, trends in, 59-60, 69 minorities in military, 63, 69 minority and women, historical development of, 115-119 non-airline, 40 numbers of, 2 on-thejob training, 5, 78-81 personality characteristics, 145-146 quality assessment, 95-96 selection criteria, 10-11, 42, 51, 142 147 training pathways, 5-6, 77-78 wage trends, 36, 39-40 women in military, 65-69 worker supply and demand, 50-51, 105 workforce characteristics, 16, 30-31, 33 workforce diversity, 4, 44, 45-47 workforce projections, 99-103 See also Education and training for aviation careers Post Office, 19-20 Productivity, 22-23 pilot, 101-102 Public perception and understanding, 9 aviation image problems, 125-126 developing minority group interest in aviation, 8-9, 119, 120-121 educational efforts for improving, 123-125 of industry hiring criteria, 10- 11, 142 of technical/vocational education, 126-128 R Regulatory environment affirmative action oversight, 118- 119 civil rights law, 117-118 INDEX commercial aviation classification, 25-27 competition, 20-21 current, 52 fare control, 22 historical development, 19-22 historical practice, 13, 16-17 labor costs and, 22, 36 Repairmen, 43, 44 S Science education, 10 Seniority, 36, 39-40 Student loans, 139-141 Supplemental carriers, 21 T Technicians airframe and powerplant, 43, 81 certification, 42-44 collegiate training, 81, 83-84 current workforce, 16, 30-31 hiring patterns, 3, 50-51 military enlistment, historical patterns of, 59-60 military training for, 57 minorities in military, 63, 69 numbers of, 2 on-thejob training, 5, 78, 81 school training for, 81, 83-84 training pathways, 5-6, 77-78 worker supply and demand, 50-51, 105 workforce diversity, 4 workforce projections, 102 See also Aviation maintenance technicians; Mechanics Technological developments, 23 airway science program training for, 107-108 basic academic competencies for. 128-129 comparative adaptability of training pathways, 97

Read the entire page →

From page 177...

... INDEX implications for training, 106 Women implications for workforce, 51 job titles and, 125 need for human factors research, 145 Transitional training, 80, 104, 141-142 Trunk carriers, 20-21, 22 W Wages. See Compensation for aviation workers Watres Act, 19 177 in aviation industry, 1, 3-4, 15, 44, 46-47, 115, 116, 117, 118 in collegiate aviation programs, 8788 math and science education, 135-139 in military, 4, 53-54, 63-69, 116 See also Diversity of workforce

Read the entire page →

← Previous Chapter Skim

This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More information on Chapter Skim is available.

INDEX Pages 169-177

INDEX
Pages 169-177