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From page 443... ... 6, 305-306, 307, 309 443 Streptococcus pneumonias, 314 see also Elderly persons; Men; Women African Americans, 50 Age factors, 4, 435 Coccidiodes immitis, 160, 359 cost-effectiveness model, analytic approach, 60, 66, 68-69, 80-83, 84 cost-effectiveness model, detailed review, 93, 95, 98-100, 101-103, 105 diabetes mellitus, 233 ethical issues, 112 Helicobacter pylori, 181, 182 herpes simplex virus, 197 Histoplasma capsulatum, 207, 208 influenza virus, 225-226 melanoma, 239 multiple sclerosis, 245 mycobacterium tuberculosis, 252, 253 parainfluenza vines, 275 quality-adjusted life years, 58, 66, 6869, 80-82, 84, 80-83, 84, 95, 98-99 respiratory syncytial virus, 279, 280, 281 rheumatoid arthritis, 285, 286 streptococcus, group A, 299 streptococcus, group B 305, 306 Streptococcus pneumonias 313, 314 see also Adults; Children; Elderly persons; Infants Read the entire page →
From page 444... ... 444 Aggregation ethical issues, 117-118, 119 quality-adjusted life years, 2, 56 AIDS, see Human immunodeficiency Virus American Academy of Pediatrics, 45, 126 American College Health Association, 49 Americans with Disabilities Act, 112-113 Animal models, 419, 423, 425, 426-427, 436 adjuvants, 373-374, 375,376 antigen delivery, 378-379, 380 autoimmune diseases,386-387,388395,399-403,401 407 chlamydia, 349, 350-351 cholera, 376 Coccidiodes immitis, 357, 358-359 costimulation 408 diabetes, 386-387,388-395 DNA vaccines, 382-383 Epstein-Barr virus, 333-334 gonorrhea, 368-369,371 Helicobacterpylori, 365-366 hepatitis C virus, 335, 336, 337, 338 herpes simplex virus, 328-329 Histoplasma capsulatum 357-358 papillomaviruses, 340 341 programmed T-cell death, 397 streptococcus, group A, 361-362,363 Antigens, 18,20,26-27,28,29,30,31, 35, 40, 377-381, 412, 417, 42 424, 432 acellular, 11, 18, 20, 28, 30, 129, 446 autoimmune disease, 35-38 chlamydia, 350-351 Coccidiodes immitis, 358-359 dengue virus, 346 diabetes, 387-388 DNA vaccines, 381-386 gonorrhea, 368-371 Helicobacterpylori, 367 hepatitis B virus, 378 hepatitis C virus, 337 Helicobacterpylori, 364 Histoplasma capsulatum 358 influenza virus, 223 multiple sclerosis, 399, 400 INDEX polio, 24 programmed T-cell death,37,395399, 409, 410-411 streptococcus, group A, 360 see also B cells; T cells Apoptosis, 37, 395-399, 409, 410~11 Attenuated live viruses, 19, 20,379 herpes simplex virus, 328-329 mycobacterium tuberculosis, 352 polio, 2~25 Attitudes physicians, 47 public complacency and fear, 9, 46, 73-74, 130 vaccine acceptance, 11, 20 Autoimmune diseases, 1, 12,35-38, 45, 380, 399~07 animal models, 386-387,388-395, 399~}03, 404-407 antigens, 35-38 diabetes mellitus, 6,35, 37, 37, 54, 67, 87, 90, 233-238, 38~389, 391, 392, 393-395, 403 cancer therapy, 427-429, 431 multiple sclerosis, 6, 35, 54, 87, 245249, 397, 399~00 programmed T-cell death, 397-399 rheumatoid arthritis, 6,35, 54, 67, 87, 285-290, 403 T cells, 35-38, 233, 245, 389-391, 392-395, 399~06 (passim) B Barriers to research and development, 11, 13, 90, 130-131 see also Litigation; Market forces Bcells,28, 32, 35, 380, 381, 436 adjuvants, 372, 376 autoimmune disease, 36, 37 diabetes, 387, 391 Epstein-Barr virus, 330, 332, 334 Helicobacterpylori, 364 streptococcus, group A, 362 see also Mucosal immunity Read the entire page →
From page 445... ... 6, 93, 310, 311-312 Streptococcus pneumonias 313, 314, 315 Vaccines for Children Program, 47, 131 see also Infants Children's Vaccine Initiative, 127-128 China, 334 Chlamydia, 6, 54, 67, 88, 89-90, 97, 149158, 347-351, 368 Cholera, see Vibrio cholerae Clinical trials, 9, 19, 70, 105, 126, 406, 417, 424, 430-431, 436 djuvants, 373, 374 AIDS, 373, 379 Bordetella pertussis, 30 Read the entire page →
From page 446... ... 446 Coccidiodes immitis, 7, 19 dengue virus, 345-346 diabetes, 387 Epstein-Barr virus, 329, 333 funding, 125 gonorrhea, 371 herpes simplex virus, 327 mycobacterium tuberculosis, 352, 353-354, 355 papillomaviruses, 342 programmed T-cell death, 397-398 respiratory syncytial virus, 6, 19 streptococcus, group A, 362, 363 Cloning, 26, 36 Coccidiodes immitis, 7, 19, 44, 54, 88, 90, 91, 159-164, 356-359 Cognitive impairments, 62, 64-65 Combination vaccines, 9, 18, 38, 46-47, 75, 130, 436 elicobacter pylori, 364, 366-367 herpes simplex virus, 327 Computer technology committee's model, application of, 13,95 Internet, IOM, 4, 323 physician reminders, 48 Confidentiality, 47 Conjugate vaccines Haemophilus influenzas, 11 varicella-zoster virus, 11, 18 Cost and cost-effectiveness analysis, general, 2-3, 11, 12, 17, 20, 435436, 437 age factors, analytic approach of model, 60, 66, 68-69, 80-83, 84 age factors, detailed review of model, 93, 95, 98-100, 101-103, 105 aggregation, 2, 56, 117-118, 119 children, 46 combination vaccines, 47 death rates, analytic approach of model, 61-62, 66, 68, 78-79, 8083, 86 death rates, detailed characterization of model, 95, 97-98, 100, 103-104 defined, 56 INDEX discounting, 18, 60-61, 68-69, 74, 80, 83, 85-86, 97-98, 99, 101-103, 105-107, 114-115 ethical issues, 3-4, 58, 75, 109-122, 128, 129 licensure possibilities, scope of study at hand, 39, 40, 43 licensure process, 19-20, 54-55, 58; see also Time factors life expectancy, analytic approach of model, 57, 66, 68, 76, 120 life expectancy, detailed characterization of model, 95-96, 98, 99, 101-102, 103, 104, 106-107 mathematical formulae, 94-97, 99, 101-106 (passim) model, analytical approach, 53-92 model, detailed description, 93-108 morbidity/morbidity scenarios, analytic approach of model, 61-66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 76, 78-79, 80-85 morbidity/morbidity scenarios, detailed characterization of model, 95, 96, 97, 98, 108 opportunity costs, 74, 115-116, 130 polio, 25-26 pregnant women, 22 ranking of vaccines covered, 5-8 reasons for, 57 sensitivity analysis, 3, 57 specific diseases/pathogens/vaccines, lists of, 54-55, 87-91 review for each, 143-433; see also diseases/pathogens/vaccines found in lists utilization of vaccines, analytic approach of model, 72-73, 75, 76, 79,80,86,88,89,91 utilization of vaccines, detailed characterization of model, 95, 107108 see also Death rates; Efficacy of vaccines; Morbidity scenarios; Quality-adjusted life years Contraceptive vaccines, 75-76 Costimulation, 372, 373, 375, 389, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 407~12, 419 Read the entire page →
From page 447... ... 305, 307, 309 Streptococcus pneumonias 313, 321 see also Life expectancy; Qualityadjusted life years Dengue hemorrhagic fever, 342-347 Dental caries, 44-45 Delivery of vaccines, 130 adults, 47-50 antigens, various, 377-381 children, 45~7 DNA vaccines, 381-386 intranasal immunization mycobacterium tuberculosis, 354 polio, 25-26 pregnant women, 50-51 see also Noninjection routes; Utilization of vaccines; Vaccine schedules Demographic factors, 58 see also Age factors; Immigrants; Men; Race/ethnicity; Regional factors; Travelers; Urban areas; Women Dengue hemorrhagic fever, 8 Department of Health and Human Services, 20-21 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 14, 28, 50, 100 Food and Drug Administration, 14, 125, 126, 362, 367, 373, 374; see also Licensure, vaccines Health Care Financing Administration, 71, 106 see also National Institutes of Health; specific institutes Developing countries, 1, 17, 127-128, 173, 355, 360 Diabetes mellitus, 6, 35, 37, 54, 67, 87, 90,233-238,386-389,391,392, 393-395, 403 Diptheria, 20, 28, 30, 46, 49 Disabilities, 63-66, 68, 78-79, 86, 89, 97-98 cognitive impairments, 62, 64-65 emotional impairments, 64-65 ethical factors, 111, 112-113, 114115 Read the entire page →
From page 448... ... see also Death rates; Disabilities; Epidemiology; Incidence; Morbidity Disease scenarios, see Death rates; Incidence; Morbidity scenarios; Prevalence; Diseases of Importance in Developing Countries, 1, 1 1 Diseases of Importance in the United States, 1,11, 17 DNA,33,34, 90,381-386,418,420,421, 422 antigen delivery, 380, 395 chlamydia, 348 Coccidiodes immitis, 358-359 dengue virus, 346 Epstein-Barr virus, 330, 331 hepatitis B virus, 379 hepatitis C virus, 335, 336, 337 HIV, 382-383 papillomaviruses, 6, 54, 88, 213-221, 338-342, 384, 433 INDEX transfection, 32, 34 tuberculosis, 383-384 see also Genomes Drug resistance, 131, 380 gonorrhea, 368 malaria, 43 mycobacterium tuberculosis, 252, 253-254, 351 EE-coli, see Escherichia cold Economic factors, 9 market forces, 9, 19, 125-126 see also Cost and cost-effectiveness analysis; Funding Efficacy of vaccines, 32, 71-72, 79, 80, 94, 95, 107-108 Borrelia burgdorferi, 145, 147 chlamydia, 157 Coccidiodes immitis, 163, 164 cytomegalovirus, 170 diabetes mellitus, 237, 238 DNA vaccines, general, 384 enterotoxigenic E coli, 174, 176 Epstein-Barr virus, 179, 180 gonorrhea, 264, 265 Helicobacterpylori, 186-187 hepatitis C virus, 193 herpes simplex virus, 203, 204, 328, 329 Histoplasma capsulatum, 209, 210 influenza virus, 229, 230 melanoma, 242 meningitis, 271, 272 multiple sclerosis, 248 mycobacterium tuberculosis, 254, 255, 256, 351-352, 355 papillomaviruses, 219, 220 parainfluenza virus, 276 respiratory syncytial virus, 282, 283 rheumatoid arthritis, 289 rotavirus, 292-293 Shigella, 296-297 streptococcus, group A, 303-304 streptococcus, group B Read the entire page →
From page 449... ... colt, see Escherichia cold Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, 341,342 Epidemiology, 12, 17, 26, 44, 435 dengue virus, 343 hepatitis C virus, 334-335 poliomyelitis, 23-26, 91-92 see also Death rates; Incidence; Morbidity; Morbidity scenarios; Prevalence Epstein-Barr virus, 7, 54, 67, 88, 177180, 329-334 Equations, see Mathematical formulae Escherichia colt, 7, 54, 67, 88, 91, 173176, 361, 365-366, 374, 379 Ethical issues, 3-4, 109-122, 128, 129 aggregation, 117-118, 119 committee membership, 14 confidentiality, 47 contraceptive vaccines, 75 incidence of disease, 117, 118 pregnant women, 22 quality-adjusted life years, 3 - , 58, 111, 112, 113, 114-115, 120 121, 129-130 transplants, 120 121, 122 449 worst-off/sickest persons, 119-120 see also Quality of life Europe, 347, 367, 377 Expanded Programme on Immunization, 127-128 Expert judgment, 3, 12 committee membership, 14, 17 list of, 437-442 morbidity scenarios, 97 survey instrument, 435-437 F Fairness, see Ethical issues Federal Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 45 Fertility, 62, 65, 151, 155, 259, 264 contraceptive vaccines, 75-76 Food and Drug Administration, 14, 125, 126,362,367,373,374 see also Licensure, vaccines Foreign countries, 1, 5, 8, 11, 17, 39, 4243,59, 110 dengue virus, 343 polio, 25 pregnant women, 2 ~ see also Developing countries; Immigrants; Travelers; specific countries Formulae, see Mathematical formulae Funding, 8, 19, 123-126, 436 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act, 20 21 G Gender factors, see Men; Women Genetics, 233 Epstein-Barr virus, 330-332 Helicobacterpylori, 364-365 papillomaviruses, 339-340 see Biotechnology; DNA; Genomes; RNA Genomes, 32, 395 Epstein-Barr virus, 330-331, 333-334 Read the entire page →
From page 450... ... , 76, 96, 97, 98-99, 102 Borrelia burgdor~feri, 143, 145, 146 chlamydia, 150, 151-152 Coccidiodes immitis, 161, 162 cytomegalovirus, 165-166, 167 diabetes mellitus, 234 enterotoxigenic E colt, 173 Epstein-Barr virus, 177, 178 ethical issues, 117, 119 gonorrhea, 257, 258 Helicobacter pylori, 181, 182, 183 INDEX hepatitis C virus, 191 herpes simplex virus, 196, 200 Histoplasma capsulatum, 208 influenza virus, 227 melanoma, 239 meningitis, 267-268 multiple sclerosis, 246 mycobacterium tuberculosis, 252, 254 papillomaviruses, 214, 215-216 respiratory syncytial virus, 279 rheumatoid arthritis, 286 streptococcus, group A, 300, 301 streptococcus, group B Read the entire page →
From page 451... ... 306, 307, 308, 309 Streptococcus pneumonias 318-320 HUI, see Health utility index Human immunodeficiency virus, 2, 1314,22,32,42,43,44, 112, 119120, 159-160, 165, 195, 330, 368, 373, 377, 379, 380, 382-383, 386 Human papillomaviruses, see Papillomaviruses Humoral immunity, 41 adjuvants, 373 Coccidiodes immitis, 357 hepatitis C virus, 337 Histoplasma capsulatum 357 see also B cells; Mucosal immunity; T cells Hybridoma, 30, 401~02, 404 405 Iceland, 378 Immigrants Borrelia burgdorferi, 7, 88, 145 Coccidiodes immitis, 7, 88, 159, 161, 163 451 Histoplasma capsulatum, 7, 89, 207, 209 Immune system, general, 26 30, 377 Coccidiodes immitis, 358-359 chlamydia, 349-351 dengue virus, 345-346 gonorrhea, 368-369 hepatitis C virus, 336 herpes simplex virus, 327, 329 Histoplasma capsulatum 357-358 mycobacterium tuberculosis, 352-353 papillomaviruses, 339 pregnant women, 22-23 streptococcus, group A, 363 see also Adjuvants; Antigens; Autoimmune diseases; B cells; Macrophages; Mucosal immunity; Peptide therapy; T cells Immunoglobin, 27, 28, 29-30, 32, 33, 378, 379-380, 408, 426 Epstein-Barr virus, 334 Helicobacter pylori, 364, 366 streptococcus, group A, 362 transplacental transport, 22-23 Impairments, see Disabilities; Morbidity Incidence, 3, 435 Bordetella pertussis, 143, 144 chlamydia, 149-152, 347 Coccidiodes immitis, 159, 160, 162, 356-357 cost-effectiveness model, analytic approach, 58, 68, 80-84 (passim) , 87, 89 cost-effectiveness model, detailed review, IOO cytomegalovirus, 165-166 dengue virus, 343 diabetes mellitus, 233 enterotoxigenicE. Read the entire page →
From page 452... ... iae 314 tuberculosis, 91 varicella-zoster virus, 18 see also Pregnant women Infertility, see Fertility INDEX Inflammatory response, 35, 36, 37, 385, 390, 397, 398, 411-412, 422, 423, 428 adenoviruses, 33 central nervous system, 399, 401, 402, 403 diabetes, 233, 386, 387 gastric, 363, 264 heat shock protein, 351 macrophage activation, 372, 373 multiple sclerosis, 245 pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) , 150, 153, 257, 348 peptides, 403, 404, 405, 406 rheumatoid arthritis, 285 Influenza virus, 6, 11, 19, 22, 30, 34, 4850, 54, 59-60, 67, 87, 89, 223-231, 382, 386 litigation, 21 see also Parainfluenza virus Insert baculovirus system, 30 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, see Diabetes mellitus, Insurance, see Health insurance Interferon, 351, 357,373, 387,388, 392, 393, 409 Interleukin, 27, 38, 348-349, 372, 373, 374, 388, 389, 390-394, 396, 402403, 405-406, 409, 410, 411-412, 420, 424, 430, 432 International perspectives, see Foreign countries Internet, IOM, 4, 323 Intranasal delivery, 9, 28, 29-30, 33, 34, 37, 47, 130, 355, 358, 361-362, 366, 378, 380 J Japan, hepatitis C virus, 334 L Legislation, general pregnant women, 7 Read the entire page →
From page 453... ... 18 hepatitis C, 190 herpes simplex virus, 201 Histoplasma capsulatum, 209 influenza virus, 228 length of process, general, 19-20, 5455, 58, 60-61, 79, 80-82, 90, 95, 108, 121, 437 melanoma, 240 meningitis, 271 multiple sclerosis, 246 mycobacterium tuberculosis, 253 papillomaviruses, 219 parainfluenza virus, 20, 276 polio, 25, 126-127 respiratory syncytial virus, 20, 280 rheumatoid arthritis, 287, 289 rotavirus, 18, 292 Shigella, 296, 297 streptococcus, group A, 302 streptococcus, group B 20, 306-309 Streptococcus pneumonias 317, 321 therapeutic vaccines, general, 45 453 varicella-zoster virus, 18 see also Animal models; Clinical trials; Time factors Life expectancy, general cost-effectiveness model, analytic approach, 57, 66, 68, 76, 120 cost-effectiveness model, detailed characterization, 95-96, 98, 99, 101-102, 103, 104, 106-107 ethical issues, 112, 113, 120 see also Quality-adjusted life years Litigation, 8, 20-23, 127, 128-129 pregnant women, 21-23 streptococcus, group B Read the entire page →
From page 454... ... colt, 173 Epstein-Barr virus, 177 gonorrhea, 257, 259 Helicobacter pylori, 182-183, 363364 hepatitis C virus, 190, 191 herpes simplex virus, 196, 198-199 Histoplasma capsulatum, 208, 210 INDEX influenza virus, 224, 227 melanoma, 239-240, 241 meningitis, 267-269 multiple sclerosis, 246 mycobacterium tuberculosis, 252, 254 papillomaviruses, 214, 215-216 parainfluenza virus, 273, 274 respiratory syncytial virus, 279, 281 rheumatoid arthritis, 285-286, 287 rotavirus, 291 Shigella, 295 streptococcus, group A, 299-300 streptococcus, group B 305-306, 307 Streptococcus pneumonias 313, 315317 see also Health utility index Mortality, see Death rates Mucosal immunity, 27, 28-30, 32, 33, 47 adjuvants, 374-375, 376 antigen delivery, 377, 378, 380 autoimmune disease, 35, 37 chlamydia, 348 Epstein-Barr virus, 333 Helicobacterpylori, 365 papillomaviruses, 338-339, 341 streptococcus, group A, 362 see also B cells; Intranasal delivery Multiple sclerosis, 6, 35, 54, 87, 245-249, 397, 399~00 Mumps, 20, 28, 49 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 6, 54, 88, 89-90, 91, 100, 251-256, 351-355, 383-384, 386 N Nasal delivery, see Intranasal delivery National Cancer Institute, 339-341 National Center for Health Statistics, 14 National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act, 20-21, 128-129 National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis-March of Dimes, 24 National Health Interview Survey, 50 Read the entire page →
From page 455... ... Neonates, see Infants, Pregnant women New Vaccine Development: Establishing Priorities, 1,11, 17 Noninjection routes, vaccines, 9, 25, 29, 31-34,47 diabetes, 387-388 intranasal administration, 9, 28, 29- 407 30, 33, 34,37, 47, 130, 355,358, 361-362, 366, 378,380 oral administration, 9, 28, 29, 31-32, 37, 130,378, 380 polio, 20, 25-26, 28-29, 32 tuberculosis, 354, 355 particulate vaccines, 30-34 rotavirus, 20 29 Nosocomial infections, 9, 18, 41, 42, 131 Nurses, 49, 255 o Occupational health, see Health care workers Older persons, see Elderly persons Ontario Health Survey, 96 455 Opportunity costs, 74, 115-116, 130 Oral administration, 9, 28, 29, 31-32, 37, 130,378,380 diabetes, 387-388 Helicobacterpylori, 366 mycobacterium tuberculosis, 354, 355 polio vaccine, 20, 25-26, 28-29,32 Organ transplants, see Transplants (organs) p Pain, 62, 65, 26~261 Pan-American Health Organization, 25 Panel on Cost-Effectiveness in Health and Medicine, 56, 85 Papillomaviruses, 6, 54, 88, 213-221, 338-342,384, 433 Parainfluenza virus, 6, 19, 20, 54, 88, 273-277 Particulate vaccines, 30-34 Pasteur Institute, 340 Peptide therapy, 26-27, 33,35-36, 37, 358, 395, 396, 410, 411' 412-432 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 456... ... 20, 90, 93, 306, 307, 309, 310-311 Streptococcus pneumonias 22 tetanus toxoids, 23 time of delivery, 20, 23, 51 various pathogens, 22 Prevalence cost-effectiveness model, analytic approach, 68 cost-effectiveness model, detailed description, 100 see also Incidence Privacy, see Confidentiality INDEX Private sector, 8, 19, 105, 125, 436 market forces, 9, 19, 125-126 papillomaviruses, 342 streptococcus, group B 6 see also Health insurance; Litigation Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 42, 44, 128 Psychological factors, see Attitudes; Cognitive impairments; Emotional impairments Psychomotor impairments, see Mobility impairments Puberty, see Children Public Health Service, 56 Public opinion, see Attitudes Q Quality-adjusted life years, 2, 57, 58, 6169, 76-89, 95-99 102-104, 106, 107-108 age and, 58, 66, 68-69, 80 82, 84, 80-83, 84, 95, 98-99 aggregation, 2, 56 average population health states, 66, 68 definitional issues, 2, 56, 58, 61-62, 86, 95 disability-adjusted life years, 63, 66, 111, 112 discounting, 18, 60-61, 68~9, 114115 ethical issues, 3-4, 58, 111, 112, 113, 11~115, 120-121, 129-130 mathematical formulae, 95, 96, 99 see also Life expectancy Quality-adJusted life years, specific vaccines Borrelia burgdorferi, 147 chlamydia, 157, 158 Coccidiodes immitis, 163-164 cytomegalovirus, 167, 17~171 diabetes mellitus, 237, 238 Enterotoxigenic E Read the entire page →
From page 457... ... INDEX hepatitis C virus, 193-194 herpes simplex virus, 204 Histoplasma capsulatum, 210, 211 influenza virus, 229-230 melanoma, 241, 242-243 meningitis, 271, 272 multiple sclerosis, 248, 249 mycobacterium tuberculosis, 254, 256 papillomaviruses, 220 parainfluenza virus, 276, 277 ranking of vaccines covered, 5-7 respiratory syncytial virus, 282-283 rheumatoid arthritis, 289 rotavirus, 293 Shigella, 296, 297 streptococcus, group A, 301, 303, 304 streptococcus, group B 307, 310-312 Streptococcus pneumonias 315, 320321 Quality of life, general, 15 Quality of Well-Being Scale, 63, 66 R Race/ethnicity, 50 syphilis, 41 see also specif c racial/ethnic groups Receptor-centered regulation, 22, 26, 29, 30 31,36,37-38,407,418,426 chlamydia, 349, 350 dengue virus, 343-344 gonorrhea, 369, 370 371 hepatitis B virus, 412-413 streptococcus, group A, 360 virus-like particles, 30-31 Record-keeping, 46, 47, 49 Regional factors, 7, 44, 71, 88, 89, 91, 93, 105, 128 Borrelia burgdorferi, 144, 145 chlamydia, 347 Coccidiodes immitis, 159 dengue virus, 343 gonorrhea, 257, 367-368 Histoplasma capsulatum 207, 209, 356 357 mycobacterium tuberculosis, 352, 355 457 see also Developing countries; Foreign countries; Immigrants Respiratory syncytial virus, 6, 19, 20, 22, 23, 43, 54, 88, 90, 279-284 Rheumatoid arthritis, 6, 35, 54, 67, 87, 285-290, 403 RNA dengue virus, 342-347 diabetes, 388 Epstein-Barr virus, 330 gonorrhea, 368 hepatitis C virus, 335, 336 Rotavirus, 6, 11, 18, 19, 22, 28-29, 54, 88, 291-294 Rubella, 20, 28 S Salmonella, 31-32 Schedules, see Vaccination schedules School entry immunizations, 7, 8-9, 20, 49, 90, 130 Sensitivity analysis, 3, 57 Sensory impairments, 62, 64, 64, 67, 236 Sex differences, see Men; Women Sexually transmitted diseases, 7 chlamydia, 6, 54, 67, 88, 89-90, 149158, 347-351, 368 hepatitis C virus, 334-335 herpes simplex virus, 6, 19, 22, 54, 67, 88, 195-205, 326-329, 384 gonorrhea, 6, 20, 54, 67, 88, 100, 257-265, 367-372 human immunodeficiency virus, 2, 13-14,22,32,42,43,44, 112, 119120, 159-160, 165, 195, 330, 368, 373, 377, 379, 380, 382-383, 386 papillomaviruses, 6, 54, 88, 213-221, 338-342, 384, 433 syphilis, 41 Shigella, 7, 43, 54, 100, 295-297, 379 Socioeconomic status, see Poverty; Race/ethnicity Southeast Asia, 339, 343 Staphylococcus aureus, 42 Read the entire page →
From page 458... ... chlamydia, 348-349, 350 cholera, 375 Coccidiodes immitis, 357 dengue virus, 344-345, 346, 347 diabetes mellitus, 233, 387-389, 391, 392, 393-395 Epstein-Barr virus, 330, 331, 332, 333 DNA vaccines, 378, 380,381, 382, 383, 385 Helicobacterpylori, 364 hepatitis B virus, 412, 413-415 hepatitis C virus, 335, 337-338 herpes simplex virus, 329 Histoplasma capsulatum 357 mycobacterium tuberculosis, 353-355 papillomaviruses, 342 Tetanus, 20, 23, 28, 30, 46, 49 Time factors, 68-69, 79, 86 Bordetella pertussis, 145 chlamydia, 156 INDEX Coccidiodes immitis, 161 cytomegalovims, 167 development/licensure process, 1920,54-55,58,60-61,79,8~82, 90,95, 108, 121,437 diabetes mellitus, 234, 237 enterotoxigenic E coli, 174 Epstein-Barr virus, 179 gonorrhea, 264 Helicobacterpylori, 185 hepatitis C, 190 herpes simplex virus, 201 Histoplasma capsulatum, 209 influenza virus, 228 melanoma, 240 meningitis, 271 multiple sclerosis, 246, 248, 249 mycobacterium tuberculosis, 252, 254 papillomaviruses, 219, 220 parainfluenza virus, 276, 277 respiratory syncytial virus, 280, 282283 rheumatoid arthritis, 287, 289 rotavirus, 292, 293 Shigella, 296, 297 streptococcus, group A, 302, 304 streptococcus, group B Read the entire page →
From page 459... ... 310-312 Streptococcus pneumonias 320-321 see also Attitudes; Barriers to research and development; Delivery of vaccines V Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, 20-21, 128-129 Vaccine schedules, 45-46, 431-432 Borrelia burgdorferi, 145, 147 chlamydia, 157 Coccidiodes immitis, 163 cytomegalovirus, 170 diabetes mellitus, 237 enterotoxigenicE. colt, 174 Epstein-Barr virus, 179 gonorrhea, 264 Helicobacterpylori, 186 hepatitis C virus, 193, 336 herpes simplex virus, 203, 329 Histoplasma capsulatum, 209 influenza virus, 229 melanoma, 242 meningitis, 271 multiple sclerosis, 248 mycobacterium tuberculosis, 254 papillomaviruses, 219 parainfluenza virus, 276 respiratory syncytial virus, 282 rheumatoid arthritis, 289 rotavirus, 292 Shigella, 296 streptococcus, group A, 303 streptococcus, group B Read the entire page →
From page 460... ... 460 Vi sting Nurse As socations , 49 W Waterborne pathogens, general, 42 World Bank, 63 World Health Organization, 21, 25, 63 Women, 68, 98-99 chlymadia, 97, 149, 150-152, 153, 154 contraceptive vaccines, 75-76 INDEX fertility, 62, 65, 151, 155, 259, 264 gonorrhea, 257, 258, 259-265 papillomaviruses, 214, 215, 217, 338342 respiratory syncytial virus, 6, 280, 281 streptococcus, group B 6, 88, 309, 307,310 syphilis, 41 see also Pregnant women World Wide Web, see Internet Read the entire page →

From page 443...

... 6, 305-306, 307, 309 443 Streptococcus pneumonias, 314 see also Elderly persons; Men; Women African Americans, 50 Age factors, 4, 435 Coccidiodes immitis, 160, 359 cost-effectiveness model, analytic approach, 60, 66, 68-69, 80-83, 84 cost-effectiveness model, detailed review, 93, 95, 98-100, 101-103, 105 diabetes mellitus, 233 ethical issues, 112 Helicobacter pylori, 181, 182 herpes simplex virus, 197 Histoplasma capsulatum, 207, 208 influenza virus, 225-226 melanoma, 239 multiple sclerosis, 245 mycobacterium tuberculosis, 252, 253 parainfluenza vines, 275 quality-adjusted life years, 58, 66, 6869, 80-82, 84, 80-83, 84, 95, 98-99 respiratory syncytial virus, 279, 280, 281 rheumatoid arthritis, 285, 286 streptococcus, group A, 299 streptococcus, group B 305, 306 Streptococcus pneumonias 313, 314 see also Adults; Children; Elderly persons; Infants

Index Pages 443-460

Index
Pages 443-460