Toxicity of Military Smokes and Obscurants Volume 1 (1997) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Summary
Summary
Pages 1-10
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 1... ...
review data on the toxicity of smokes and obscurants and recommence exposure guidance levels for military personnel in training and for the gen eral public residing or working near military training facilities. The NRC assigned this project to the Committee on To~col ogy (COT)
|
From page 2... ...
EXPOSURE GUIDANCE LEVELS FOR MILITARY PERSONNEL Using NRC guidelines published in 1986 and 1992 for devel aping exposure guidance levels, the subcommittee developed EEGEs and PEGEs for the four obscuring smokes as shown in Table S ~ and describer! below.
|
From page 3... ...
In one clevelopmental toxicity study, a slight clelay in skeletal de velopment was observed in rats; however, in several other studies, developmental or reproductive toxicity was not observed. For diesel fuel smoke, the subcommittee developed EEGEs on the basis of an estimate of the CT product that induces a I% mor
|
From page 4... ...
, the subcommittee divided the CT product by an uncertainty factor of 10 to preclict a nonpermanent health impairment and by an other uncertainty factor of 10 to account for interspecies differ ences in sensitivity. The result is an EEGL (expressed as a CT product)
|
From page 5... ...
The most sensitive toxic end point following short and long term exposures to new fog oil aerosols in humans and animals ap pears to be respiratory tract toxicity. To develop BEG Es, the sub committee dividect a 2 hr LOAEL of 4,500 mg/m3 for pulmonary effects in mice by an uncertainty factor of 10 to estimate a NOAEL from a LOAEL and by another uncertainty factor of 10 to account for interspecies differences in sensitivity.
|
From page 6... ...
Dividing by an uncertainty factor of 10 to account for interspecies differences in sensitivity ant! by another uncertainty factor of 10 to estimate a NOAEL from a LOAEL the subcommittee clevelopect a ~ hr EEGL of 10 mg/m3.
|
From page 7... ...
Virtually no human data are available to estimate a PEGL for HC smoke. Dividing the roclent NOAEL of 26.6 mg/m3 by an uncertainty factor of 10 to account for the shorter tinily exposures of the test animals than of military personnel and by another un certainty factor of 10 to account for interspecies differences in sen sitivity, the subcommittee developer!
|
From page 8... ...
PPEGEs, the subcommittee assumed that the general population includes sensitive subpopulations, such as the elclerly, pregnant women, infants, children, and the chronically ill. In the absence of direct information on the toxicity of the smokes and obscurants in sensitive subpopulations, the sub committee recommends that an uncertainty factor of 10 be used to extrapolate from guidance exposure levels derived for a population of healthy aclults in the military to levels protective of more sensi tive human subpopulations.
|
From page 9... ...
rubber smoke PPEGL HexachIoroethane SPEGL smoke 6 hr 8 hr/d, 1 d/wk 8 hr/d, 2 d/wk 15 min 1 hr 6 hr 8 hr/d, 5 d/wk 15 min 1 hr 6 hr 8 hr/d, 5 d/wk 15 min 1 hr 6 hr 30 8.0 1.5 1 0.5 36 9 1.5 0.5 4 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.04 PPEGL 8 hr/d, 5 d/wk 0.02 Abbreviations SPEGL, short term public emergency guidance level; PPEGL, permissible public exposure guidance level.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.