Biographical Memoirs Volume 44 (1974) / Chapter Skim
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6. Robert Harry Lowie
6. Robert Harry Lowie
Pages 178-216
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Experimental lathyrism in the white rat.
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Alkaline phosphatase of the serum in experimental lathyrism of the white rat.
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Experimental lathyrism in the white rat and mouse.
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Experimental lathyrism.
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Although Lowie was initially employed for a few years by the American Museum of Natural History, his true niche was as a university scholar where his influence reached an increasing number of students as well as those who read his large number of publications. Lowie's principal interests were in ethnological theory, including the history of such theory, and in social organization, especially kinship, marriage, the family, kinship terminology, men's and women's societies including age-grade societies, and political and social organization.
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THE MAKING OF AN ETHNOLOGIST Robert Lowie was born on June 12, 1883, in Vienna of a Hungarian father and a Viennese mother. His family came to New York City when he was ten years old where his father earned a living in merchandising, but where Robert was reared in the German-{ewish intellectual tradition of lower Manhattan.
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degree in 1907 and was appointed to the staff of the American Museum of Natural History. At that time it was assumed that Boas's students should obtain their ethnological data from firsthand fieldwork rather than, as had been the case in previous decades, from secondary sources written by explorers, missionaries, and other nontrained people.
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While he was associated with the American Museum of Natural History, his interests and fieldwork were largely directed by Clark Wissler, whose main area was the Indians of the Great Plains. Lowie visited and studied many of the tribes but his principal and lasting interest was the Crow, about whom he published a definitive book, The Crow Indians (1935~.
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After Darwin had liberated biology from the restrictions of the concept of the original creation of each species, anthropological studies soon adopted a kind of Darwinism for cultural origins. The concept was not entirely unique at this time, but it soon became formulated around the orthogenic and philosophical idea that cultures tended to progress from the simple to the complex through a series of worldwide stages that could be identified by specific criteria everywhere.
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At the same time Lowie thereby cleared the ground for new studies about the nature and origins of various traits of culture to which he himself contributed in large measure in Primitive Society and also in subsequent papers and books such as The Origin of the State, Primitive Religion, and studies on the origins of various forms of social Organization. Lowie pursued basic studies of kinship and fictitious kinship groups in his comparative research on clans, phratries, and moieties.
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This knowledge was incorporated finally in his book The Crow Indians (1935~. Over the years the American Museum of Natural History had issued a series of area-oriented handbooks that were intended primarily as guides to the museum exhibits.
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This book, which was based upon many obscure sources dealing with European customs and practices of the last few centuries, was intended to draw attention to the artificiality of the concept that modern European cultures are intrinsically superior to those of primitive peoples. It was written in a humorous vein, though it did not, as Lowie had hoped, become a best-seller.
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His early connections with the American Museum of Natural History were mainly a means whereby he had the opportunity to do fieldwork under the direction of Clark Wissler, and he relinquished this job in 1921 to accept the more congenial role of Professor of Anthropology at the University of California. Several appreciations of Lowie were published shortly after his death, which occurred on September 21, 1957.
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Hist. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History Anthropol.
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Anthropological publications of the American Museum of Natural History for 1 907-1908. Science, 28: 522-24.
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Social life of the Crow Indians.
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Bull., 11: 391-94. (This reference includes reviews on four publications: The North American Indians of the Plains, by Clark Wissler, 1912;
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J., 15: 95-102. The Crow Indians.
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189 pp. Notes on the social organization and customs of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Crow Indians.
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New Repub., 13:4-6. 1918 Myths and traditions of the Crow Indians.
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Hist., 16:387-431. The tobacco society of the Crow Indians.
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New York, Dodd, Mead & Co. i\larriage and society among the Crow Indians.
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North American Indians of the Plains, by Clark Wissler. Freeman, 3:190.
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1922 The material culture of the Crow Indians. Anthropol.
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Freeman, 8:164-65. With Clark Wissler.
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Minor ceremonies of the Crow Indians. Anthropol.
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Review. The Relation of Nature to Man in Aboriginal America' by Clark Wissler.
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Word formation in the American Indian languages.
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by Max Ebert, Vols.
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Review. Ein Versuch zur Rettung des Evolutionism us, by Wilhelm Schmidt.
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Marriage and society among the Crow Indians. In: Source Book in Anthropology, ed.
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(Published also as appendix to the French translation of Primitive Society.
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Anthropos, 30:224-25. The Crow Indians.
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Dr. Wissler on "The Crow Indians." Am.
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Menschen der Sudsee, Characktere und Schicksale, by T Thurnwald.
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South American messiahs. Tomorrow, 4:68-70.
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