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(NAS Colloquium) Genetic Engineering of Viruses and Viral Vectors (1996) / Chapter Skim
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Genetically engineered poxviruses for recombinant gene expression, vaccination, and safety
Pages 11341-11348

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From page 11341...
... Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0445 ABSTRACT Vaccinia virus, no longer required for immunization against smallpox, now serves as a unique vector for expressing genes within the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. As a research tool, recombinant vaccinia viruses are used to synthesize and analyze the structure-function relationships of proteins, determine the targets of immoral and cell-mediated immunity, and investigate the types of immune response needed for protection against specific infectious diseases and cancer.
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From page 11342...
... General methods for the production of recombinant poxviruses employ plasmid transfer vectors that contain an expression casette, consisting of a poxvirus promoter with adjacent restriction endonuclease sites for foreign gene insertion, flanked by poxvirus sequences that direct recombination to the desired locus (9, 379. The relatively high frequency of homologous recombination (approximately 0.1%)
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From page 11343...
... In one, cells are infected with the recombinant vaccinia virus and then transfected with a plasmid containing the bacteriophage promoter regulating a foreign gene (53~. In another version, the bacteriophage promoter regulated foreign gene is incorporated into a second recombinant vaccinia virus and expression obtained by coinfection with a recombinant vaccinia virus that encodes the T7 RNA polymerase gene (56)
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From page 11344...
... Good immunogenicity also follows intradermal inoculation of recombinant vaccinia virues. However, when intradermal and intranasal inoculations of recombinant vaccinia viruses that express influenza and respiratory syncytial virus envelope glycoproteins were compared, the latter route provided better local immunity and protection against an upper respiratory infection (105-107~.
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From page 11345...
... For this reason, as well as the ability to integrate large amounts of DNA into the viral genome and to infect a wide variety of cells, recombinant vaccinia viruses have become valuable laboratory research tools. The popularity of the vector system exists despite the cytopathic effects of the virus and the special precautions required to work with a class 2 infectious agent.
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From page 11346...
... (1991) in Generation of Recombinant Vaccinia Viruses, eds.
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From page 11347...
... Vaccination of Laboratory Workers Handling Vacc~n~a and Related Poxviruses Infectious for Humans (HMSO Publications Center, London)
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From page 11348...
... 11348 Colloquium Paper: Moss Emmerson, P
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Key Terms

  • recombinant vaccinia
  • vaccinia viruses
  • mammalian cells
  • foreign gene
  • rna polymerase

  • virus vectors
  • hybrid vaccinia
  • immune responses
  • foreign genes
  • viral genome

  • smallpox vaccination
  • recombinant gene
  • rabies virus
  • virus particles
  • disease virus

  • viral proteins
  • immunodeficiency virus
  • immune response
  • viral genes
  • booster injection

  • influenza virus
  • restriction endonuclease
  • rabies vaccine
  • polymerase gene
  • highly attenuated

  • virus promoters
  • attenuated vaccinia
  • modified vaccinia
  • rna virus
  • human immunodeficiency


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