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(NAS Colloquium) Genetic Engineering of Viruses and Viral Vectors (1996) / Chapter Skim
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Negative-strand RNA viruses: Genetic engineering and applications
Pages 11354-11358

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From page 11354...
... It is also now possible to envision rational approaches based on genetic engineering techniques to design live attenuated vaccines against some of these viral agents. In addition, the use of different negative-strand RNA viruses as vectors to efficiently express foreign polypeptides has also become feasible, and these novel vectors have potential applications in disease prevention as well as in gene therapy.
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From page 11355...
... Site-specifically altered influenza viruses were first obtained by reconstituting in vitro a biologically active ribonucleoprotein complex (made of synthetic RNA and purified nucleoprotein and polymerase proteins) and then transfecting the complex into helper virus-infected cells (Fig.
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From page 11356...
... The foreign gene can replace the open reading frame of one of the influenza virus genes and the respective influenza virus protein is then translated from an internal ribosome entry site (IRKS element) on the genetically engineered gene.
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From page 11357...
... Genetically engineered inf luenza viruses with changes in coding or noncoding sequences may induce immune responses which are longer-lasting and more protective than those generated by conventional influenza virus vaccines. In the case of respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza viruses, a recombinant DNA approach may be the only rational strategy, since the Jennerian approach has not resulted in acceptable vaccine candidates.
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From page 11358...
... may overcome this limitation. Finally, the highly efficient expression of viral and foreign proteins via negative-strand RNA virus vectors may have additional biotechnological applications.
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Key Terms

  • influenza viruses
  • influenza virus
  • helper virus
  • genetic engineering
  • reverse genetics

  • genetically engineered
  • viral proteins
  • rna virus
  • viral rna
  • polymerase proteins

  • viral polymerase
  • vaccinia virus
  • respiratory syncytial
  • genomic rna
  • sendai virus

  • polymerase complex
  • infectious virus
  • virus particles
  • viral genes
  • foreign genes

  • rna polymerase
  • foreign epitopes
  • virus vectors
  • recombinant vaccinia
  • viruses expressing

  • cell lines
  • biologically active
  • gene therapy
  • rabies virus
  • viruses containing


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