Biographical Memoirs Volume 51 (1980) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Herbert Spencer Harned
Herbert Spencer Harned
Pages 214-245
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 215... ...
Hildebrand, after obtaining his Ph.D. at Pennsylvania in 1906, hack studied with Walther Nernst in Berlin, and after returning to Philaclelphia, had instituted a program of research and instruction in physical chemistry.
|
From page 216... ...
Although Herbie, as the youngest member of the family, was for many years only a spectator of these events, the constant presence of guests,
|
From page 217... ...
The family lived close to the Germantown Cricket Club, where excellent instruction ant! facilities in a wide variety of sports were available.
|
From page 218... ...
A period of field training was followed by duty at the central research laboratory of the American Expeditionary Force near Paris. A number of lasting friendships were made with chemists stationed there.
|
From page 219... ...
After three years at a small school run by two Misses Knight, he was sent to the Penn Charter School, an excellent Quaker preparatory school in Philadelphia, where his course was strictly classical, with no hint of science. He has stated that his teachers there were all excellent, and that after his strict training there, he found his college courses to be quite easy.
|
From page 220... ...
There were approximately forty students in his undergracluate course in physical chemistry, and since the laboratory only accommodated ten students, he hac! to clivicle the group into four sections, each of which spent many hours a week in the laboratory.
|
From page 221... ...
In the following year, 1916, he published his first paper on electrolyte activities determined using cells without liquid junction, and he continued using such cells, in a steadily expanding diversity of applications, over the next forty-odd years. Harned wished to avoid too narrow a specialization at this period in his career.
|
From page 222... ...
During these years, he made systematic measurements of the activity coefficients of strong acids and bases, in both dilute ant! concentrated solutions, in the presence of neutral salts.
|
From page 223... ...
. 223 application of cells without liquid junction to determine the Ionization constants of weak electrolytes; and the investigation of neutral salt effects in homogeneous catalysis.
|
From page 224... ...
The Chemistry Department entered a period of decline relative to chemistry departments at other institutions and to other science departments at Yale. Fortunately, a goodly stream of graduate students continued in physical chemistry, most of whom worked with Harned.
|
From page 225... ...
it has been shown in several of Harnecl's papers to be well suited for the determination of dissociation constants in mixtures of organic solvents with water. With the potential of the silver-silver chIoricle electrocle well established over a wide temperature range, it became possible to use precise electromotive force measurements to determine the dissociation constant of water, also over a wicle temperature range, and from these tiara to evaluate the enthalpy of dissociation of water.
|
From page 226... ...
The Physical Chem? stry of Electrolytic Solutions was published late in 1942 in the American Chemical Society Monograph Series, ant!
|
From page 227... ...
This method gave sufficiently precise results to lead to the first quantitative experimental verification of the limiting Nernst equation relating diffusion coefficients to ionic conductances. Of even greater importance, striking support for the Onsager-Fuoss theory of conductivity was obtained, in particular with respect to the magnitude and sign of the electrophoretic term involved in this treatment.
|
From page 228... ...
Harnec3 pointer! out to Costing that the information concerning the variation of ionic activity coefficients that is needec!
|
From page 229... ...
of the academic year cluring which one reaches the age of sixty-eight, and therefore Harnecl had to retire on June 30, 1957. He published sixteen papers after that, including one giving ~ second important Harned's rule concerning activity coefficients of electrolytes in mixed solvents.
|
From page 230... ...
I Role of the solvent in neutral salt catalysis in aqueous solutions.
|
From page 231... ...
Soc., 47:945-53. The activity coefficient and ionic concentration product of water in sodium chloride and potassium chloride solutions.
|
From page 232... ...
Activity coefficients of sodium and potassium bromides and iodides in concentrated aqueous solutions.
|
From page 233... ...
The activity coefficients of cesium chloride and hydroxide in aqueous solution.
|
From page 234... ...
The ionization constant of water and the dissociation of water in potassium chloride solutions from electromotive forces of cells without liquid junction.
|
From page 235... ...
The thermodynamics of hydrobromic acid in aqueous solutions from electromotive force measurements.
|
From page 236... ...
The ionic activity coefficient product and ionization of water in barium chloride solutions from 0° to 50°.
|
From page 237... ...
Cook. The thermodynamics of aqueous sodium chloride from 0° to 40° from electromotive force measurements.
|
From page 238... ...
Calmon. The thermodynamics of hydrochloric acid in dioxanewater mixtures from electromotive force measurements.
|
From page 239... ...
The first ionization of carbonic acid in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride.3.
|
From page 240... ...
Levy. The differential diffusion coefficient of calcium chloride in dilute aqueous solutions at 25°.
|
From page 241... ...
Differential diffusion coefficients of magnesium and barium chlorides in dilute aqueous solutions at 25°.
|
From page 242... ...
The diffusion and activity coefficients of sodium nitrate in dilute aqueous solutions at 25°.
|
From page 243... ...
The activity coefficients of alkali metal nitrates and perchlorates in dilute aqueous solutions at 25° from diffusion coefficients.
|
From page 244... ...
7 pp. 1962 A rule for the calculation of the activity coefficients of salts in organic solvent-water mixtures.
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.