Biographical Memoirs Volume 51 (1980) / Chapter Skim
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Lester Reynold Dragstedt
Lester Reynold Dragstedt
Pages 62-95
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From page 63... ...
WANGENSTEEN AND SARAH D WANGENSTEEN LESTER REYNOLD DRAGSTEDT, one of America s great surgical scientists, approaching his eighty-seconc!
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From page 64... ...
She gave up her own career for another for which she was eminently suited becoming Lester's constant companion and devoted supporter, in fair and stormy weather, throughout his illustrious life. Dragstedt returned to the University of Chicago in 1920 as assistant professor of physiology and in ~ 923 became pro*
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From page 65... ...
Before taking up his new duties, Phemister went to London and Europe to work and observe in preclinical science departments and to ready himself for the new opportunities and responsibilities at the University. Phemister appointed Dragstecit consultant to the architect to design suitable research facilities for members of the Department of Surgery.
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From page 66... ...
In fact, the titles of Dragstecit's papers- from his first publication in 1916 up to the time he accepted Phemister's proposal in 192~suggest that here was a clinician in spirit, employing physiologic approaches in the resolution of clinical problems, a practice that Dragstedt continued throughout his great career. Concerning Dragstedt's unusual training for clinical surgery, it may be recalled that Harvey Cushing remarked, concerning his own years in the laboratory with Hugo Kronecker in Bern and with Charles Sherrington at Liverpool, "I acquired more of real value for my surgical work than in my previous six years' service as a hospital intern."*
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From page 67... ...
I have an idea that there is actually more than one road to Rome, but at present there seems to be only one road to certification by the American Board of Surgery. I have long felt that the rigid program of the Board tends to stifle creative work.
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During this time I presented several papers on intestinal obstruction, removal of the duodenum and parathyroid tetany for the Chicago Surgical Society.
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From page 69... ...
After he did a gastric resection for a duodenal ulcer he invited me to do the next one. I had done a lot of these, of course, in dogs, but had never done a gastric resection in man.
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From page 70... ...
Morehead had taught me how to do gastroenterostomies, gastric resections, Pavlov pouches and so on during the course of our collaboration on the problem of intestinal obstruction. Of course I didn't say anything to Polya about this work on the dogs.
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From page 71... ...
Stevens of Edinburgh in 1777 in similar studies on man, dogs, and sheep. Lazaro SpalIanzani, in 1780, experimented on fish, cats, dogs, and man, also affirming the presence of an active digestive agent within the gastric juice.
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From page 72... ...
food to provoke secretion—an observation with which many distinguished physiologists (lisagreecl. They failed to recognize that only patients with duodenal ulcer, one of the strongest manifestations of the ulcer diathesis, actually ctid have free hydrochloric acid in their stomachs, devoid of food.*
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From page 73... ...
Dragstedt, too, learned the need for a complemental gastrojejunostomy to provide adequate gastric emptying. The effect of vagal section on gastric secretion was to occupy a major share of Dragstedt's attention throughout the remainder of his professional life.
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From page 74... ...
Two decades later, his protege Hans Haberer (1914) began to suspect that when gastric resection was accompanied by antral exclusion for duodenal ulcer, neostomal ulcer frequently occurred; by 1921, Haberer had given up the antral exclusion operation.
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From page 75... ...
It remained for Dragstedt and his associates to confirm, in a succession of papers with solid data, Haberer's suspicion that antral exclusion was not a physiologic operation.
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, Harvard pathologist, served to resolve the mystery: the adult canine liver contains very pathogenic anaerobic bacteria of the Bacillus Welchii type. Dragstedt's surmise proved correct and confirmed Mann's observation that a small fragment of adult canine liver, unattached to its normal source of blood supply, was lethal.
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From page 77... ...
, a young surgeon at the AlIgemeines Krankenhaus in Vienna, to excise a tumor of the left inferior parathyroid gland and relieve the pain and stop spontaneous fractures in a patient with acIvancec! osteitis fibrosa cystica who hac!
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From page 78... ...
Dragstedt went on to develop an alcoholic extract of the raw pancreas that also prolonged the lives of depancreatized dogs, concluding the protective agent to be another pancreatic hormone. Dragstedt called the raw pancreatic extract lipocaic ("burns fat")
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The exact mechanism of the protection provided by raw pancreas, an alcoholic extract thereof (lipocaic) , or methionine has not been completely resolved.
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assessed the role of splanchnic blood flow upon isolated liver segments. He demonstrated that the pancreatico-gastric segment of the splanchnic blood flow had a far greater influence in supporting portal insulin than did the intestinal segment of the splanchnic blood supply and also retarded fatty infiltration of the liver more effectively (Lances 2:1241~2, 1975~.
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From page 81... ...
that removal of the duodenum is compatible with life (1918~; 2) that dogs undergoing total parathyroidectomy can be kept alive indefinitely when maintained on a milk diet fortified
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From page 82... ...
the pathogenesis of gastric and duodenal ulcer and the demonstration of complete vagal section as an effectual method of treating refractory duodenal ulcers. Indeed, this was a very modest appraisal of his life's work five years prior to retirement from the University of Chicago.
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From page 83... ...
gradually released the clamp at intervals, latch by latch, until it was completely free, a somewhat risky practice that, with advances in vascular surgery, surgeons today are happy to forego. Lester fortunately survived a severe bout with typhoid fever in 1927, during which he lost fifty pounds.
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From page 84... ...
The discussions were frank and open, permitting participation by all with a special interest in the subject matter. At Gainesville, Dragstedt continued his productive career as an experimental physiologist of the secretory behavior of the stomach, pancreas, and liver.
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From page 85... ...
Dragstedt II for helpful suggestions concerning various facets of the lives of their parents.
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86 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS Many of Dragstedt's proteges were extremely helpful in providing information concerning his professional and scientific career, especially Drs.
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LES rER REYNOLD DRAGSTED r HONORS AND DIS-rINC rIONS DEGREES B.S., University of Chicago M.S., University of Chicago Ph.D., University of Chicago M.D., Rush Medical College, Chicago HONORARY DEGREES Doctor Honors Causa, University of Guadalajara, Mexico Docteur Honors Causa, University of Lyons, France Sc.D., University of Florida, Gainesville Doctor Honoris Causa, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden 87 UNIVERSITY APPOINrrMEN'rS 191~1917 1917-1919 192~1923 1923-1925 1925-1930 1930-1948 1948-1959 1916 Assistant, Department of Physiology, University of Chicago Instructor, Pharmacology, State University of Iowa Assistant Professor of Physiology, State University of Iowa Assistant Professor of Physiology, University of Chicago Professor and Head, Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Northwestern University Associate Professor of Surgery, University of Chicago Professor of Surgery, University of Chicago Thomas D Jones Distinguished Service Professor of Surgery and Chairman of the Department of Surgery, University of Chicago 195~1975 Research Professor of Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville MEMBERSHIPS IN AMERICAN ORGANIZATIONS AND SOCIE TIES National Academy of Sciences Phi Beta Kappa Sigma Xi Alpha Omega Alpha American Association for the Advancement of Science American Physiological Society
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From page 88... ...
Gross Prize of the Philadelphia Academy of Surgery 1963 Distinguished Service Award of the American Medical Association for research, teaching, and surgical practice
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From page 89... ...
LESTER REYNOLD DRAGSTEDT 89 1964 Julius Friedenwald Medal of the American Gastroenterological Association for "Outstanding Achievement in Gastroenterology" 1964 Golden Plate from the Academy of Achievement 1964 Henry Jacob Bigelow Medal of the Boston Surgical Society for "Contributions to the Advancement of Surgery" 1965 Annual Award of the Gastrointestinal Research Foundation 1969 Distinguished Service Award (the first) and Gold Medal of the American Surgical Association FOREIGN HONORS AND AWARDS 1953 Honorary Professor of Surgery at the University of Guadalajara, Mexico 1965 Gold Medal of the Surgical Society of Malmo, Sweden 1967 Royal Order of the North Star of Sweden, bestowed by the King of Sweden, for "Outstanding Contributions to the Science of Surgery" 1969 Silver Plaque of the Institute of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition of Mexico City 1969 Silver Plaque of the Association of Mexican Gastroenterologists
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From page 90... ...
The influence of parathyroidectomy on gastric secretion.
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From page 91... ...
Fatal effect of total loss of gastric juice.
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From page 92... ...
Supra-diaphragmatic section of the vagus nerves in treatment of duodenal ulcer.
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From page 93... ...
Quantitative study of effect of antrum resection on gastric secretion in Pavlov pouch dogs.
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From page 94... ...
1962 Section of the vagus nerves to the stomach in the treatment of duodenal ulcer. In: Surgery of the Stomach and Duodenum, ed.
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From page 95... ...
Linares. On the corrosive properties of bile and pancreatic juice on living tissue in dogs.
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