Biographical Memoirs Volume 53 (1982) / Chapter Skim
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Pages 48-81
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From page 49... ...
Mark M Ravitch, The Papers of Alfred Blalock (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1966)
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From page 50... ...
The yearbook, of which he was associate editor, listed him as secretary and treasurer of the senior class and a member of the college debating society, the junior cabinet, and the Gridiron Club. Election to the Gridiron Club was considered to be the second highest honor on the campus, members being chosen for overall excellence rather than specific academic achievement.
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From page 51... ...
Although Blalock failed to get the appointment in general surgery, he was accepted as "house medical officer-urology" under Hugh Hampton Young. In spite of having a nephrectomy and temporary facial nerve palsy during that internship year, Blalock's performance was sufficiently satisfactory to gain him an assistant residency on the general surgical service for the following year.
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From page 52... ...
The first, "The Effects of Changes in Hydrogen Ton Concentration on the Blood Flow of MorphinizecI Dogs," appeared in the Journal of Clinical Investigation in 1925, and the second, "Partial Tracheal Obstruction. An Experimental Study on the Effects on the Circulation and Respiration of Morphinized Dogs," was published in the Archives of Surgery in 1926.
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From page 53... ...
Therefore, we decided to split up as a team and still help each other, but that he would work on shock and I would work on cardiac output. Within a year after this decision he had completed his beautiful work on hemorrhage and trauma and its effect on the circulation of dogs.
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From page 54... ...
When a project was completed Blalock took the experimental tiara and rough notes for a clinical paper anti, shortly, often by the next morning, wouIcl have written the entire paper, longhand, in very close to final form, frequently placing the names of his associates before his own. In January 1930 Vivien Thomas, a young black who was forced for lack of funds to leave his first year of college, came to work for Blalock in the laboratory.
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From page 55... ...
. was that traumatic shock was due to a toxin, possibly histamine.
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From page 56... ...
In my paper published in 1930, entitled "Experimental Shock, The Cause of the Low Blood Pressure Produced by Muscle Injury to Dogs," it was stated: "The experiments which are presented in this paper offer no evidence that trauma to an extremity produced a toxin that caused a general dilatation of capillaries with an increase in capillary permeability and a general loss of fluid from the bloodstream."* An important paper that originated in Blalock's laboratory describecI a method for transplanting the acirenal gland of the dog with reestablishment of its blood supply.
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From page 57... ...
Graham, the distinguished chairman of the Department of Surgery at Washington University. Graham strongly recommended Alfred Blalock to President Bowman of Johns Hopkins.
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From page 58... ...
L Lilienthal, Jr., were studying the physiology anti pharmacology of myasthenia gravis.
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From page 59... ...
a special interest and competence in thoracic surgery that already extenclecl to vascular surgery. He hacI successfully operated on a stab wound of the aorta while at Vanderbilt ant]
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From page 60... ...
the subcIavian-pulmonary artery anastomosis performed in Nashville some years earlier in the attempt to produce experimental pulmonary hypertension. The first question was whether this procedure would relieve the cyanosis in patients with pulmonic stenosis and the second was whether the patients would tolerate the procedure.
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From page 61... ...
In his presiclential address to the American Surgical Association, entitled "The Nature of Discovery," he stated: Contrary to popular belief, there is nothing magical about science or scientific investigators. The conception of the scientist as an intellectual superman, achieving important results through sheer mental brilliance, is quite unfounded.
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From page 62... ...
Professor Blalock is an active, struggling person, in whom one can take an interest as a man and not just in his accomplishments alone.* The respect for Blalock's accomplishments as a scientist and particularly his unique contributions to the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions leci the trustees of the hospital and the university to change the name of the clinical science building to "The Blalock Building." *
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From page 63... ...
, and of material in the Alan M Chesney Archives of the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions.
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From page 64... ...
64 DEGREES BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS HONORS AND DISTINCTIONS 1918 A.B., University of Georgia 1922 M.D., The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine HONORARY DEGREES 1946 1951 1951 1951 1953 1954 1954 1959 1963 Sc.M., Yale University M.D., Honoris Causa, University of Turin Sc.D., University of Rochester Sc.D., University of Chicago Sc.D., Lehigh University LL.D., Hampden-Sydney College Sc.D., Emory University Sc.D., Georgetown University LL.D., University of Saskatchewan HOSPITAL AND UNIVERSITY APPOINTMENTS 1922-1925 1925-1926 1925-1927 Intern and Assistant Resident Surgeon, The Johns Hopkins Hospital Resident Surgeon, Vanderbilt University Hospital Instructor in Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine 1928-1930 Assistant Professor of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine 1930-1938 Associate Professor of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine 1938-1941 Professor of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine 1941-1964 Professor of Surgery and Director, Department of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 1964 1941-1964 Surgeon-in-Chief, The Johns Hopkins Hospital 1955-1964 Chairman, Medical Board, The Johns Hopkins Hos pital 1964 Professor Emeritus of Surgery, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Surgeon-in-Chief Emeritus, The Johns Hopkins Hos pital
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From page 65... ...
American Heart Association American Medical Association American Society for Clinical Investigation American Surgical Association (President, 1956; Council, 19571964) Blalock Society Board of Thoracic Surgery (Founders Group)
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From page 66... ...
Royal Academy of Medicine of Belgium, Foreign Cor respondent Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh, Honorary Fellow Royal College of Surgeons of England, Honorary Fellow Royal Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow, Honorary Fellow Sociedad Argentina de Cardiology, Honorary Mem ber Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiology, Honorary Society of Thoracic Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland, Honorary Member National Research Council, Division of Medical Sciences 1939-1951 Medical Fellowship Board 1940-1952 Committee on Surgery 1940-1946 Subcommittee on Shock 1946-1956 Board of Directors, National Society for Medical Re search (Vice-President, 1956-1964) 1950-1952 Advisory Council, Life Insurance Medical Research Fund 1952-1964 Committee on the John }.
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From page 67... ...
EDITORSH I PS 1936-1964 Associate Editor, Surgery 1939-1964 Editorial Board, Archives of Surgery 1942-1953 Consulting Editorial Board, Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics 1945-1949 Editorial Board, The American Heart f ournal 1946-1964 Advisory Editorial Board, journal of Thoracic Surgery 1948-1951 Editorial Committee, Annual Review of Medicine 1955- 1964 Editorial Board, The American Surgeon AWARDS 1940 1941 1947 1947 1948 1949 1950 1953 1954 1954 1955 1956 1959 1959 Research Medal, Southern Medical Association Gordon Wilson Medal Chevalier de la Republique Franchise, Ordre National de la Legion d'Honneur Charles Mickle Fellowship Passano Award Rene Leriche Award Matas Award American Medical Association Distinguished Service Award International Feltrinelli Prize for Medicine Lasker Award Roswell Park Medal National Order of Merit "Carlos }. Finlay" (Officer's Degree, Government of Cuba)
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From page 68... ...
68 1960 1960 1960 1965 BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS Modern Medicine Award for Distinguished Achievement The Johns Hopkins Hospital Distinguished Service Award Alumni Merit Award, University of Georgia Dr. Blalock received a posthumous award of the Henry Jacob Bigelow Medal at the meeting of the Johns Hopkins Medical and Surgical Association on February 27, 1965.
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From page 69... ...
Wilson. The effects of changes in hydrogen ion concentration on the blood flow of morphinized dogs.
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From page 70... ...
1928 The effects of ether, chloroform, and ethyl chloride anesthetics on the minute cardiac output and blood pressure. An experimental study.
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From page 71... ...
1931 Trauma to the intestines. The importance of the local loss of fluid in the production of low blood pressure.
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From page 72... ...
XII. A study of the effects of hemorrhage, of trauma to muscles, of trauma to the intestines, of burns and of histamine on the cardiac output and on blood pressure of dogs.
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From page 73... ...
Surg., 26:1098-1102. Effects of primary shock on cardiac output and blood pressure.
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From page 74... ...
The effects of ureteral occlusion on the blood flow and oxygen consumption of the kidneys of unanesthetized dogs. Surgery, 1 :238~2.
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From page 75... ...
The effect of altering the renal blood pressure and blood flow on the glomerular filtration of a transplanted kidney in unanesthetized dogs.
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From page 76... ...
Sidney Robinson. Studies on the renal arterial blood pressure and the metabolism of kidney tissue in experimental hypertension.
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From page 77... ...
Obstet., 74:348-52. A comparison of the effects of local application of heat and cold in the prevention and treatment of experimental traumatic shock.
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From page 78... ...
The technique of the creation of an artificial ductus arteriosus in the treatment of pulmonic stenosis.
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From page 79... ...
Bahnson. Aortic vascular rings encountered in the surgical treatment of congenital pulmonic stenosis.
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From page 80... ...
Sabiston, Jr. Physiologic and anatomic determinants of coronary blood flow and their relationship to myocardial revascularization.
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From page 81... ...
ALFRED BLALOCK 1964 81 With Lazar I Greenfield.
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