Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997) / Chapter Skim
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9 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes
9 Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes
Pages 314-324
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From page 314... ...
For example, the criterion of adequate calcium intake is desirable calcium retention for most age groups, but calcium balance is the criterion for men and women ages 31 through 50 years. Desirable calcium retention, in itself, would not be used to determine adequacy.
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From page 315... ...
USING RECOMMENDED DIETARYALLOWANCES Nutrient Recommendations for Individuals The RDA is the value to be used in guiding inclivicluals to achieve adequate nutrient intake. RDAs are given separately for specified life stage groups and by gender if applicable; they are intended to apply to healthy individuals.
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From page 316... ...
This recommencleci intake, consumed on a tinily basis, on average, would allow essentially all children to achieve the positive magnesium balance neecleci for normal growth. Because the RDA was baseci on studies of requirements in children or adolescents with a normal range of body weights for their age, a reference weight and height for the age group are given.
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From page 317... ...
As intake increases above the UL, the risk of adverse effects increases. In most cases it applies to usual intakes from all sources, but in the case of magnesium, it clods not apply to intake from food or local water supplies.
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From page 318... ...
However, for individuals requiring very high energy intakes, phosphorus intake from cliet alone may exceed the UL without adverse effects. To avoid exceeding the UL for vitamin D of 50 ,ug (2,000 IU)
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From page 319... ...
It is anticipated that methods of using the EAR for these purposes will be aciciresseci in a subsequent Food and Nutrition Board report. Assessing the Adequacy of Nutrient Intake of Groups An estimate of the prevalence of inadequate intakes of a nutrient by a specific gentler or life stage group can be obtained by cletermining the percentage of the inclivicluals in the group whose usual intakes are less than the EAR (Beaton, 1994)
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From page 320... ...
1 -day observations \ \ \ ~'` \ o Usual Intake (amount/day) FIGURE 9-2 Effect of multiple days of observation on the apparent distribution of nutrient intake and how it changes the prevalence of inadequacy as estimated by comparison to EAR.
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From page 321... ...
If unacljusteci 1-clay intake ciata are used to estimate the prevalence of inadequate phosphorus intakes for young women, the actual prevalence of usual intakes below an EAR of 580 mg (18.7 mmol) /ciay will be overestimated.
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From page 322... ...
For example, if a group of women in a nursing home had phosphorus intakes with a CV of 0.16, and intakes were normally distributed, achieving a group mean intake of 853 mg (27.5 mmol) /day would ensure that only 2 to 3 percent would have intakes below the EAR of 580 mg (18.7 mmol)
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From page 323... ...
Although it is beyond the scope of this report, an evaluation of the various approaches that could be used to recluce the prevalence of inadequate intakes in population subgroups should be pursued. Such approaches include nutrition education, meal planning, nutrient fortification, and nutrient supplementation.
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From page 324... ...
Nevertheless, for inclivicluals who wish to increase their calcium consumption, there are several possible strategies. These include increasing intake of foocis high in calcium, such as low- or nonfat milk products, and increasing consumption of foocis fortified with calcium, such as calcium-fortifieci orange juice or breakfast cereals.
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