An Evaluation of Radiation Exposure Guidance for Military Operations Interim Report (1997) / Chapter Skim
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3 Standard Practices in Civilian Radiation Protection
3 Standard Practices in Civilian Radiation Protection
Pages 25-32
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From page 25... ...
CONTROL PHILOSOPHY The philosophy of radiation protection has to include social as well as scientific judgments in order to provide an appropriate standard of protection without unduly limiting practices. The overall aim of radiation protection, regardless of the specifics of the situation leading to exposure, is to prevent the occurrence of acute effects (e.g., cataracts in the eyes, radiation burns, and acute radiation sickness)
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From page 26... ...
The practices in which they engage include taking x rays of patients, running a nuclear reactor, or making measurements using radioactive sources. These occupationally exposed individuals are trained to appreciate the hazards of radiation, acknowledge those risks as a condition of employment, and follow safety precautions in order to minimize their exposure.
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From page 27... ...
Dose limits, when observed, prevent individuals from acquiring doses that are clearly unacceptable. This could happen in a poorly controlled occupational situation involving radiation.
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From page 28... ...
However, since worker exposures may be unpredictable, unknown, and difficult to control in the earliest stages of an accident, dose limits are inappropriate. Nevertheless, ICRP recommends that, where possible, the effective dose to individuals be kept below 1,000 mSv to limit deterministic effects.
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From page 29... ...
The table is by no means an inclusive list but provides comparisons that put radiation exposure into perspective. In addition to the underlying philosophy, radiation protection programs include provisions for actions such as monitoring compliance, recordkeeping, training, health surveillance, and defining the responsibilities of management and governmental authorities.
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From page 30... ...
national average Limit for emergency services, except lifesaving, protection of valuable property, or protection of large populations Annual dose limit for radiation workers Total background radiation, excluding radon, over a 70-year lifespan Limit for protecting valuable property Total background radiation, including radon, over a 70-year lifespan Limit for saving a life Limit for volunteers saving a life Threshold for deterministic effectsa (e.g., bone marrow depression) Career dose limit for radiation workers Astronaut career cumulative dose (female, career beginning at age 25)
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From page 31... ...
By contrast, workers at a nuclear power plant receive detailed training on radiation exposure reduction techniques every time they conduct special operations in a high radiation area. RECORDKEEPING Recordkeeping is another essential element of a radiation protection program (ICRP, 1991a)
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From page 32... ...
It also is useful to record individual work history and conditions; that allows calculation of accumulated internal dose after an exposure occurs. Workplace records document activities and conditions in the environs of the individual exposures.
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