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Appendix C
Pages 171-179

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From page 171...
... Any military system represents the interests of numerous parties e.g., its operators, acquisition authority, designers, producers, and maintainers. The integration envisioned by SBA allows all these parties to interact closely during the development of the system so that the resultant system reflects as well as possible their combined interests, the necessary tradeoffs between their individual interests having been reconciled in an optimal manner from the overall perspective of the system.
From page 172...
... For example, · The high-level virtual prototypes developed during concept exploration can be examined by the operators and maintainers to see how well the proposed concepts will meet their needs, with suggestions for improvement being fed back into the concept exploration. This assessment can be accomplished by visual examination of physical configurations depicted by virtual prototypes and by exercising the virtual prototypes in combat simulations.
From page 173...
... They should refer to both the design of 1 The virtual prototypes will evolve over the life cycle. The high-level ones developed in concept exploration will become more detailed during engineering design; as hardware components become available, they could for certain purposes replace simulated ones in the virtual prototypes; and the data used in the virtual prototypes will be refined based on information gathered in test and evaluation.
From page 174...
... This has been demonstrated, for example, in the development of the Boeing 777 aircraft, where all the data describing the physical configuration of the aircraft were generated, manipulated, and retained in digital form accessible to all the designers. Furthermore, sophisticated executable representations of structural components (e.g., beams, bulkhead plates)
From page 175...
... In particular, multidisciplinary design optimization methods and tools which allow attempts at design optimization to proceed across all disciplines concurrently are necessary. Such methods have been illustrated in simple examples (e.g., Advanced Surface Combatant demonstration in the DARPA Simulation-based Design (SBD)
From page 176...
... · Significant cost reductions should also be achievable, as evidenced by the projected 25 to 30 percent cost schedule reduction due to elimination of the physical mockup in development of the NSSN by Electric Boat. While the above examples refer primarily to the use of geometric modeling and executable product representations for structural components, a demonstra 3Visit to Boeing Corporation, March 14, 1997.
From page 177...
... There appears to be a growing acceptance of SBA in commercial industry at least from the perspective of geometric modeling and executable representations of structural components. For example, the Boeing and Newport News experiences were noted above, and Lockheed-Martin is also applying SBA in a satellite development program.
From page 178...
... · Standards development. While the HLA defines some general interfaces for integrating simulations, more extensive domain-specific interface standards are necessary to allow independently developed design tools, product representations, and simulations to interact with one another.
From page 179...
... While one cannot predict just when basic research will have fruitful results, one should attempt to guide the researchers by having them apply their results to concrete problems as soon as feasible. The costs associated with such steps can only be roughly estimated here.


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