The National Academies Press

Currently Skimming:

3. Flow Diagrams of the Engineering Community
Pages 21-40

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.

From page 21... ... The very broad definition of the engineering community adopted by the Committee on the Education and Utilization of the Engineer jCEUEJ required a much more detailed and comprehensive flow diagram than those associated with existing models. However, much was borrowed from the good work already done, and the resultant diagrams are compatible in concept but not necessarily in detail. Read the entire page →
From page 22... ... Description of the Diagrams The flow diagrams prepared by the panel are constructed as a series of boxes {representing pools, or groups of people with common characteristics) and directional lines {representing the movements of people among the different populations) Read the entire page →
From page 23... ... Basic Flow Diagram The basic flow diagram developed lay the panel is shown in Figure 1. In its simplest form the flow of people moves as follows: (1J from the entry pool of students admitted to higher education institutions, to t2) Read the entire page →
From page 24... ... J ~ = =: ecinJ: T T Drop =s Em -- ~-~ ~ 1 D=p 1 - ~ \|~ - ~ ~SQAL ~1 ~W FIGURE 2 Comprehensive flow diagram of the U Read the entire page →
From page 25... ... FLOW DIAGRAMS OF THE ENGINEERING COMMUNITY 25 l ~ to I t~ ~ ~ :=L-~=~ l F=`Ul~tr ~ ~ ~ t ~1 ~ 14 4 ~1 ~ ! lets to ~art! Read the entire page →
From page 26... ... Special mention is needed for two stocks that were defined during the diagramming process to describe adequately all the major options of people moving among the engineer, faculty, and technician pools: � Staff Support that group of people giving active support to engineering activities but not currently functioning under the definitions of engineer, technician, or technologist. Included in staff support are such activities as technical management, procurement, sales, operations research, and personnel. Read the entire page →
From page 27... ... D Program Return to Home Country To Engineering Faculty To Engineer Pool To Staff Support-Management To Staff Support-Technical Support To Technical Reserve C- 1300 C-2400 C- 1400 C-1500 C- 1510 C-1520 C-1530 C-1540a C-15401: C-1550 C-1600 C-1610 C-1620 C-1630 C- 1640a C- 16401' C-1650 5.& 14.8 14.5 0.8 0.05 2.5 0.24 0.45 1.46 0.24 0.12 FIGURE 3 Example of a detailed flow diagram and its accompanying table (from Appendix C of this report) Read the entire page →
From page 28... ... can be used to suggest answers to these types of questions. The Balance Equation In addition to serving as a graphic representation of the engineering community, the flow diagrams also represent a slice of time in the dynamics of the system. Read the entire page →
From page 29... ... scientists and engineers within the engineer pool system. some point in time are affected during a one-year period lay the flows into and out of the system, resulting in a new set of values for the stocks at the end of the period. Read the entire page →
From page 30... ... Using the engineer pool as a sample case, demand resulting from new job openings can best be expressed as the following: Demand = Attrition + Net lob Growth, where Attrition = people leaving the engineer pool for any reason during the measurement period. Net lob Growth = new jobs created in the pool minus any current jobs eliminated. Read the entire page →
From page 31... ... Engineer pool {National Science Foundation {NSFJ J � Foreign students {EMCJ The data are relatively incomplete in these areas: � Staff support (NSF J � Technical reserve {NSF J � Technician pool {Bureau of Labor Statistics {BLSJ J � Flows out of engineering/technician pools to retirement, due to death and disability, and to nonengineering work jBLSJ Read the entire page →
From page 32... ... Demand-Side Forces Net New Demandfor Engineers The normal ebb and flow of business cycles, R&D activity, and growth or contraction in individual industries result in a net change in engineering jobs over a given mea Read the entire page →
From page 33... ... But would engineers displaced from the energy or steel industries in the Midwest move to the West Coast and be retrained for the electronics industry? Probably not, and to the extent that this kind of immobility is operative, people from the engineer pool would enter the technical reserve stock, and the opening thus created would be filled by a new entrant into the engineering community or by an individual who was being Read the entire page →
From page 34... ... Transfers Into the Staff Support Area A characteristic of engineers for law graduates is that a high proportion move into some management or staff function early in their careers. It is estimated that on the average about 60,000 people will leave the engineering pool annually between 1985 and 1995.9 If we make the assumptions that the graduate engineers in the pool perform better than the entrants from secondary sources and that "promotion" into management is based on previous performance, then engineering graduates will move into staff positions in higher proportions than will others in the pool. Read the entire page →
From page 35... ... Supply-Side Forces The Number of Engineering Graduates There is little question that the preferred source for new entrants into the engineer pool is the recent graduate in engineering from a college or university. It is a characteristic of the system that the number of new job openings in engineering is equal to the supply of new graduate engineers, except in selected disciplines where there are shortages. Read the entire page →
From page 36... ... degrees in engineering currently being granted to noncitizens with temporary visas, i4 the impact of foreign students is obviously an important driving force. The arguments for and against admission of foreign students into U.S. Read the entire page →
From page 37... ... severely limit the admission of foreign students to the engineering curricula a significant increase in the number of U.S. engineering admissions and graduates would follow, but graduate schools would be hard pressed to function; IBM greatly relax immigration requirements for noncitizen engineers the supply to the engineering community at all graduate levels would be substantially increased, presumably also increasing research and teaching capability. Read the entire page →
From page 38... ... Except for the possible additional value of the degree credential, continuing education through credit courses offers no more advantages than does internal training. Indeed, internal training often includes credit courses delivered at the job site, either in person or electronically. Read the entire page →
From page 39... ... Upthegrove, Engineering Manpowerand Education: Foundation forFuture Competitiveness ~Washington, D.C.: Business-Higher Education Forum, October 1982~. Chart II-1 Schematic; C Diagram of the Science and Engineers DauffenBach/ Fiorito/Folk Labor Supply Model. Read the entire page →
From page 40... ... Summary Report 1982: Doctorate Recipients From United States Universities (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1983) Read the entire page →

From page 21...

... The very broad definition of the engineering community adopted by the Committee on the Education and Utilization of the Engineer jCEUEJ required a much more detailed and comprehensive flow diagram than those associated with existing models. However, much was borrowed from the good work already done, and the resultant diagrams are compatible in concept but not necessarily in detail.

3. Flow Diagrams of the Engineering Community Pages 21-40

3. Flow Diagrams of the Engineering Community
Pages 21-40