Engineering Infrastructure Diagramming and Modeling (1986) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:
Appendix B: Trends in Engineering Enrollments and Degrees Granted
Appendix B: Trends in Engineering Enrollments and Degrees Granted
Pages 80-107
The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.
From page 80... ...
S engineering enrollments and in degrees awarded since World War II~1947-1983~; · to compare trends in engineering enrollments and degrees awarded with total enrollments and degrees; William K
|
From page 81... ...
The master's and doctoral degrees awarded in engineering and in all fields reflect similar but significant rates of growth in the 1950s and 1960s, but they have remained relatively stable since 1970 except for a drop in doctorates from 1972 to 1979.
|
From page 82... ...
Figures B-6 through B-9 provide a graphical insight into the relative growth of first-year engineering enrollments and the awarding of bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees, respectively, for women, underrepresented minorities, foreign nationals, and total engineering populations. The index is based on 1973 data {i.e., 1973 = 100~.
|
From page 83... ...
J Engineering Technology and Industrial Technology Trends In recent years, engineering technology and, to a lesser degree, industrial technology have taken on increasing importance as an integral or supplementary part of the overall engineering infrastructure. This is especially true with regard to Bachelor of Engineering Technology programs that have been developed and supported by the engineering profession and accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology [ABETJ, formerly the Engineers' Council for Professional Development {ECPDJ.
|
From page 84... ...
Freshman engineering enrollments soared from under 45,000 in 1945 to over 90,000 in 1946. And because many returning veterans already had some engineering education and training prior to or during World War II, the number of engineering freshmen and B.S.
|
From page 85... ...
As noted earlier, these technical educational programs, coupled with the development of specialized technical training programs in the military and on-the-job programs in industry and business, created a reservoir or pool of engineering-related talent, which is frequently tapped during periods of high engineering demand and related shortages of degreed engineers. This pool is further augmented by the significant number of engineering college students who leave college with one to four years of engineering education but no degree and who frequently assume engineering-related positions.
|
From page 86... ...
These nontraditional engineering students included women, black Americans, Hispanic Americans, and American Indians; these groups augmented the Asian-Pacific minority students who were always somewhat overrepresented in engineering and science. In addition, increasing numbers of undergraduate foreign students, especially from the developing Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, and graduate students from throughout the world were enrolling in U
|
From page 87... ...
the increasing restrictions on foreign student visas; and {4~ the impact of higher admissions standards in undergraduate and graduate engineering programs. Taken together, these factors may constrain the supply of new engineering graduates at a time when the increasing importance of technology in domestic and international arenas, coupled with the retirement of large numbers of engineers who were educated after World War II, will exert upward pressures on demand.
|
From page 88... ...
. 1 1 1 1 1 1960 1965 1970 YEAR FIGURE B-1 Trends in engineering first-year enrollments and bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees awarded in U.S.
|
From page 89... ...
Office of Education; 1967-1984 data: Engineering Manpower Commission.
|
From page 90... ...
1 FIRST-YEAR ENROLLS ENT INJ l ~ BACHELOR DEGREES am\ /' >: MASTER / DOCTOR DEGREES 1 94.S 1 9S0 1955 1960 1 96S 1970 1 97S 1980 1 98S YEAR FIGURE B-2 Trends in total first-year enrollments in four-year U.S. institutions and total bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees awarded from 1946 to 1983.
|
From page 91... ...
3N ~ oN ~ G~ ~ ~- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ X ~ u~ O ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ oo c~ c~ o ~ ~ ~ x ~ ~ x ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- cN ~ x ~ ~ c~ ~ ~ o oo ~ ~ cN ~ ~ ~ ~ x ~ ~ ~ ~ oo ~ ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - G~ O ~ O oo u~ ~ ~ ~ oO G~ ~ ~ G~ ~ oO ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ ~ oo ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ oo cN o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o l - ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ M ~ ~ ~ cN ~ co o ~ ~ ~ ~ C~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ cO c~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ x oo ~t c~ - oO ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ oo ~ X ~ G~ ~ ~ C~ ~ O t~ ~ ~ C~ C~ ~ C~ ~ X O G~ ~ ~ u~ oO oO oo ~ O c~ ~ ~ G~ oo CM ~ ~ ~ ~ C~ X oo ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ oo ~ ~ U~ ~ ~ ~ oo U~ c~ ~ ~ ~ ~ =i cM ~ ~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ O O cM oO ~ ~i ~ ~ c~ O ~ ~ ~ oo ~ O ~ oo ~ ~ ~ X G~ O c~ ~ O ~ ~ G~ cM CM C~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ U: oO ~ G~ ~ ~ G~ ~- ~ ~ ~ u~ ~ t_ c~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ oo G~ ~ ~ O O O 'J (J O ~ ~ ~ u~ ~ ~ ~ u~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ O O c~ G~ O ~ ~ ~ O O u~ X ~ C~ Cx ~ ~ ~ O O ~ ~ oO ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ G~ ~ O O <7 ~ ~- C~)
|
From page 92... ...
_____________ c~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ oo ~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ oo oo oo oO Cx C~ ~ ~ ~ ~ G~ Cx G~ ~ ~ C~ G~ ~ ._ _ f_ ~ f_ ~ ~ ~ Y_ ~ f_ ~ ._ =C)
|
From page 93... ...
~T-YEAR FNF7~I I MFNT ~ ,< BACHELOR DEG~5 _ ~BASTER DEGREES ~ \ f .. DOCTOR DEGREES 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 YEAR FIGURE B-3 Trends in engineering first-year enrollments and bachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees awarded in U.S.
|
From page 94... ...
S . institutions, and total loachelor's, master's, and doctoral degrees awarded in U.S.
|
From page 95... ...
c~ ~ ~ _ ~ G~ ~ ~ _ ~ ~ C~ ______ CN O _ O _ _ _____ O C~ ~ X _ ~ O C~ ~ (~ _ c~ O ~ ~ L~ ~ 0O 0 - C~ - O _ _ ~ ~ ~ O O ~ O O ~ ~ G~ O ~ oo Cx C~ ~ ~ U~ oO O C~ ~ X O ~ C~ C~ ~ ~ C~ ~- X 1- - C~ ~ ~c ~= _ ~ ~ C~ oo U~ ~ O U: ~ C~ ~ ~ ~ ~- oO 00 Cx O - - - O O O ~ oo ~t O X - C~ ~ ~)
|
From page 96... ...
oo ~ ~ O C~ _ _ _ _ Cx oo ~ oo e~ C~ _ _ _ _ oo ~ ~ ~ oo ~ _ X ~ ~ C~ Cx ~ O ~ oo ________ C~ ~ oo ~ ~ ~ - ~ u~ ~ ~ ~ cN oo oo cN - - - - - ~ cN N cN cN N cN - - - - - - - - - - - ~ - oo ~ o ~ ~ x c~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ - - ~ oo cM c~]
|
From page 97... ...
~ O l~ ~ O O oO oO _ _ _ c~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C~ O ~ ~ O ~ ~ ~ Cx c~ ~ Cx oo ~)
|
From page 98... ...
~ co C~ e~ C~ 00 ~ 0O ~ 00 00 0 C~ ~ ~ ~ c~ ~ ~ c~ ~ ~ c~ ~ ~ O oo cO ~ - - - ~ o ~ oo oo ~ ~ cM oo ~ cO ~ c~ ~ ~ ~ u~ ~ 00 C~ - ~- o ~ ~ o - cO - c' =~ ~ o ~ ~ u: - - - - - - - - ~ - - oO ~ - o o - ~ ~ ~ o oo o - - o ~ ~ ~ o cN ~ o - ~ ~ ~ u~ ~ Cx ~ ~ r~ ~ c~ cN ~ cM oO G~ ~ O - - c ~ oo ~ o cN u~ ~ u~ x - c~ x ~ ~ - oo c~ ~ ~ ~ c~ ~ ~ ~ oo ~ ~ ~ x ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c~ ~ ~ - - - - - - - - - - CM o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o c~ - ~ - ~ c~ - o c~ o - ~ o - ~ c~ o o - ~ ~o cN o' o z - ~ N o' o z o oo ~ ~ ~ oo ~ oo ~ ~ c~ oO o ~ ~ c~ oo o oo o ~ - ~ o M ~4 C~ c~ c~ c o c~ - ~- (~ Ix~ ~F ~} o cN ~ ~ c~ - ~t =t ~ - - - - - - - ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ cN ~ ~ - o~ ~ ~ - - - - - - - ~ - - - CM ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ oo ~ o - ~ ~ ~ ~ l- ~ ~- ~ ~ ~ oo oo oo oo oo Cx ~ ~ Cx Cs C~ C~ ~ ~ C~ Cs Cx __________t__ 0 - o 11 _ c)
|
From page 99... ...
99 FOREIGN NATIONALS , _ ~ -- _ / WOMEN \ \ \ UNDER-REP. MINORITIES TOTAL I I I I I I I I I i I I 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 YEAR FIGURE B-6 First-year engineering enrollments for 1973 to 1984, shown as a percentage of 1973 enrollments ( 1973 = 100~.
|
From page 100... ...
Too in LU cat s°° a: so cat to c~ 200 cn to UJ C, Z 1 oo /WO~EN MINORITIES '\ /~-/~ FOREION NATIONALS TOT-I 1973 1974 197S 1976 1977 1973 1979 1930 1961 1932 1933 1984 Y EAR FIGURE B-9 Engineering doctoral degrees awarded from 1973 to 1984, shown as a percentage of 1973 awards ( 1973 = 1001. SOURCE: Engineering Manpower Commission.
|
From page 101... ...
~ o ~ oo ~ ~ ~ oo ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o o oo ~ ~ ~ o ~ oo o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u: O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u~ ~ G~ cO ~ ~ ~ oo cM ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ - c ~t c~ ~ ~ u~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c~ o cM ~ ~ o cM o ~ ~ ~ c~ u~ cN ~ cM ~ ~ ~ ~ ~- ~ ~ ~ oo ~ ~ ~ oo ~ ~ oo - o oo ~ ~ ~ oo ~ o o ~ oo ~ o - - - - - - ~ c~ c~ cM ~ c~ ~ uo ~ o - o o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ oo ~ cM oo o o ~ ~ ~ u~ ~ c~ ~ ~ c~ o - ~- - ~ ~ l- ~ c~ ~- ~ ~ c~ u: ~ ~ ~ ~ oo G~ u~ ~ c~ c~ ~ ~ G~ O oo 0 u~ ~ ~ ~ e~ oo ~ oo ~ u~ C~ C~ oo ~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ oo oo oo oo oo Cx ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ G~ ~ ~ G~ .~ o
|
From page 102... ...
~ O ~ ~ oO c~ ~ ~ Cx ~ ~ O c~ oO ~ ~ _ _ _ _ '_ ~ ~ c~ X G~ O ~ c~ ~ ~ oo oo oo oo oO C~ ~ G~ ~ ~ ~ G~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t_ f_ ~ t_ ~
|
From page 103... ...
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ oo ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ oo - - - - - - - - - - o ~ ~ ~ ~ c~ ~ ~ ~ ~ oo ~ O oO G~ ~ ~ ~ ~ G~ ~ oO oO O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ ~ ~ ~ oo ~ ~ ~ - ~ oo ~ ~ - - - - - - ~ c~ c~ ~ ~ G~ - ~ ~ O ~ - ~ c~ ~ ~ ~ oo '0 ~ ~ ~ c~ ~ ~ ~ u~ ~ M _ ~ ~ ~N C~ O ~ 00 - - Q: ~ ~ o CJ G~ ~_ cM ~ - G~ oo - ~ ~ ~ ~ o - ~ o oo ~ ~ ~ oo cM ~ cO ~ ~ ~ u~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ cN ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ cM ~ oo ~ o o o ~ o ~ o ~ cN ~t ~ - ~ ~ - - ~ - - - - - - ~ ~ oo ~ ~ ~ oo oo ~ ~ - ~ oo ~ ~ G~ G~ ~ ~ ~ c~ ~ ~ ~ u: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ oo ~ ~ G~ oo oo ~ O ~ c~ ~ ~ oo oo oo oo oo G~ ~ C~ Cx C~ G~ ~ ~ G~ ~ _ _ ~ _ ~ _ ~ ~ t_ ~ ~
|
From page 104... ...
._ V ~o G~ O~ ~ Z D ~O ~ O~ f_ -1 Z D ~O ~ O~ ~ D ~O ~ O~ ~ Z ~O Cx O~ ~4 Z C~ O O ~ O ~ ~ O c~ ~ G~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ G~ oo O t_ t_ t_ t_ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C~ ~ c~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ G~ ~ ~ u: c~ c~ O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ C~ ~ 00 d- oo oo ~ ~)
|
From page 105... ...
_ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C~ CM U~ ~ ~ o U oo C~ C~ C~ oo ~ O ~ ~ oo oo oo Cx ~ 3N G~ ~ ~ G~ G~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ?
|
From page 106... ...
~- ~ oO O f_ ~ ~ O ~ ~ ~ O oo ~ ~ X ~ X ~ CO ._ oo oo ~ oo C~ oo ~ O ~ C~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ oo oo oo Cx ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ C~ t_ ._ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t_ ~ C~ C~ o oc o O C)
|
From page 107... ...
Increased student interest in social-program careers 8. Adverse student attitudes toward engineering, dec, eased space and defense expenditures, and lowered col lege attendance Improved engineering job market, positive student attitudes toward engineering, and entry of nontraditional students (women, minorities, and foreign nationals)
|
Key Terms
This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
More
information on Chapter Skim is available.