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Vaccine Safety Forum Summaries of Two Workshops (1997) / Chapter Skim
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IMMUNE RESPONSE TO VACCINE ANTIGENS
Pages 31-34

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From page 31...
... According to Berkower, studies suggest that because T cells only recognize antigen fragments from proteins predigested by macrophages, they cannot distinguish between a specific antigen fragment that comes from an infecting microbe and the same antigen fragment that comes from a vaccine (Chisari and Ferrari, 1995~. Stimulated immune cells secrete a variety of chemical substances called cytokines, which determine which class of antibodies are generated.
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From page 32...
... If peripheral tolerance exists in people, an autoimmune response might occur in response to vaccination if the vaccine somehow disrupts that peripheral tolerance or if peripheral tolerance is not strong on the day of vaccination (Miller et al., 1989~. Some people have suggested that vaccines can stimulate autoimmune reactions if some of the antigen fragments in vaccines resemble a person's selfantigens.
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From page 33...
... Preliminary studies suggest that premature large birthweight infants have the same or less risk of experiencing the usual adverse effects reported for full-term infants following vaccination with HBV or DPT (Bernbaum et al., 1989; Koblan et al., 1988; Ram say et al., 1995; Losonsky, unpublished data)
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From page 34...
... Researchers are following those infants who did not respond to the fourth HBV dose to see if their lack of response is permanent. Other studies suggest that the immune systems of premature infants given DPT and oral polo vaccine at standard times respond as well as those of full-term infants (Koblin et al., 1988; Conway et al., 1993; D'Angio et al., 1995~.
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Key Terms

  • peripheral tolerance
  • antigen fragments
  • immune response
  • protective immune
  • autoimmune response

  • immune responses
  • birth weights
  • mhc molecules
  • tolerance exists
  • unpublished data

  • adverse events
  • antigen fragment
  • autoimmune reaction
  • third dose
  • standard times

  • fetal life
  • preliminary studies
  • chemical substances
  • leave premature
  • distinct classes

  • respiratory disease
  • protective antibody
  • throughout fetal
  • experimental animals
  • antibody responses

  • immune cells
  • immune defenses
  • infants born
  • vaccine combinations
  • called cytokines


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