Partners on the Frontier The Future of U.S.-Russian Cooperation in Science and Technology (1998) / Chapter Skim
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Directions for the Future: What Directions Are In the U.S. Interest?
Directions for the Future: What Directions Are In the U.S. Interest?
Pages 19-30
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From page 19... ...
mission agency goals, but they also should strive to balance specific objectives with the broader goals of foreign assistance and overall security. By definition, cooperative S&T programs cross different cultures and different sectors; they also involve public and private institutions and basic and applied research.
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The former International Science Foundation's long-term grant program provided a small percentage of funding for infrastructural support in recognition of the fact that working scientists need light, heat, and other supporting services. With programs under the applied S&T commercialization category, the different models are evident: One U.S.
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It is also important to differentiate between scientific mobility and emigration contributing to brain drain. In some fields, for example, high-energy physics and other experimental areas, scientists travel for extended periods to participate in international research activities.
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Although technology commercialization will not solve all of Russia's problems, participants in general agreed on the importance of programs and activities that help develop the Russian private sector and drive the economy. That is, technology commercialization is considered by many as one way to transform S&T projects into sustainable economic activity.
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Support of applied research should not eclipse the need to support basic research, as any technology requires a firm basis in science. Companies benefit from a supportive educational system and supportive government policies.
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The Department of Defense' s Cooperative Threat Reduction program, although working with scientists in the military sector, is encouraging Russian industry to take advantage of technologies for cooperative programs.
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scientists for remedial emergency grants to Russia is waning. Many physicists no longer support an intensive program of aid to Russians that might not meet international standards; rather, they prefer to normalize Russian science through a sustainable program of competitive peer review.
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A National Science Foundation (NSF) representative noted that proposals to NSF, which must be submitted by American scientists but may include Russians on their team, are reviewed on their scientific merits without sustainability as such being a criterion.
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Some U.S. cooperative programs have been directed to assist Russian universities and research institutes obtain access to Internet and other information technologies, and some cooperative activities with other goals have included installa tion of equipment in Russian institutions.
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For example, limited support to local networking and increased bandwidth would greatly help integrate Russian scientists into the world scientific community. The United States should not let the fear of dual-use technologies block commercialization and establishment of new businesses in Russia.
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DIRECTIONS FOR THE FUTURE . 29 impediments, such as Russian tax laws, Russian customs barriers, and U.S.
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