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Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Continental-Scale International Project A Review of Progress and Opportunities (1998) / Chapter Skim
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5 APPLICATION TO WATER RESOURCES
Pages 59-69

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From page 59...
... The complex hydrologic system of the Mississippi possesses a wide range of attributes, including numerous flood control structures, a network of navigation locks and dams, overlapping hydrologic and water resources management units, extensive groundwater and surface-water interaction and close proximity of the water table to the surface, and a wide range of hydroclimatic conditions along the basin. The average annual temperature varies from 5 to 10°C in the northernmost parts to 20-27 C at the mouth of the river.
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From page 60...
... For example, short-term to extended weather forecast products generated by mesoscale models will enable farmers to know whether precipitation will provide the water required for the next irrigation cycle or whether alternative sources, such as surface-water diversion or groundwater withdrawal, must be arranged. At the seasonal time scale, reliable climatic predictions may enhance reservoir operation with respect to releases for water supply, power generation, and so forth.
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From page 61...
... 61 .= · - ~ id · - ~ if ¢.3 I: Cal hi o Cal Cal Ct Cal Ct ~3 Ct o o .h V: V: .
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From page 62...
... 62 ~I: Cal sol lo ~ 4=
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From page 63...
... and water resources management models are necessary to assist in the decision-making process for addressing issues such as urban flood studies, reservoir operation, drought management, erosion, and stream water quality monitoring, among other concerns. Depending on the nature of the data and information available and/or required, both deterministic and statistical models are in use.
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From page 64...
... Once a particular storm event occurs over an area, there may be a few days, weeks, or perhaps months before the next sequence of storms arrives. Thus, the main purpose of modeling interstorm periods would be to keep track of the various states of hydrologic processes.
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From page 65...
... The changes in soil moisture over time are controlled by factors such as evapotranspiration, air and soil temperature, soil texture, land cover, topographic features, snow melt, and accumulation. These factors result in heterogeneous changes in soil moisture, which, if not captured properly and incorporated into these models, can have a profound effect on water balance calculations.
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From page 66...
... (B) A change in the variability of flood magnitude indicated by the different slopes of the frequency lines, while the mean annual flood remains the same, reflects opposite changes in the magnitudes of high- or low-frequency events.
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From page 67...
... In this regard, fostering an interactive dialogue between GCIP and the water resources management community in the Mississippi River basin is highly recommended. Specific recommendations relevant to these and related issues are discussed below.
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From page 68...
... Develop Strategies to Monitor, Model, and Archive Soil Moisture Data at Appropriate Spatial and Temporal Resolutions The importance of soil moisture information to update the state of precipitation runoff models used for water resources forecasting purposes has been established in this chapter. At the present time, there seems to be no clear agreement about the definition, type, and resolution requirements (in time and space)
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From page 69...
... However, to ensure that GCIP's modeling improvements and data products are useful to the water resources management community, it is important that a dialogue be established. Besides numerous local and state agencies, there are several large institutions and federal agencies with direct involvement in water resources decisions in the Mississippi River basin.
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Key Terms

  • resources management
  • soil moisture
  • river basin
  • precipitation runoff
  • mississippi river

  • runoff models
  • frequency analysis
  • flood frequency
  • gcip research
  • management issues

  • management models
  • management purposes
  • runoff modeling
  • rainfall runoff
  • management community

  • modeling tools
  • time scale
  • runoff generated
  • resources planners
  • geared directly

  • storm period
  • resources community
  • nexrad precipitation
  • modeling requirements
  • data products

  • hydrologic processes
  • flood control
  • water quality
  • hydrologic data
  • moisture information


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