Global Ocean Science Toward an Integrated Approach (1999) / Chapter Skim
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2 The Role of Major Oceanographic Programs
2 The Role of Major Oceanographic Programs
Pages 17-36
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From page 17... ...
is often described as one of the first modern oceanographic research cruises. The Meteor, with its complement of 123 officers, scientists, and crew, traversed the southern Atlantic 13 times while executing a complex scientific plan developed by the German oceanographer Alfred Merz.1 In addition to 67,400 soundings and detailed current, salinity, temperature, and oxygen measurements collected at 310 stations, the Meteor conducted plankton tows, collected a large number of bottom samples, and executed systematic atmospheric (using both instrument balloons and kites)
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Initially, IDOE was separate from the research program that contained ocean and earth sciences (when NSF was reorganized in 1975, IDOE, the oceanography section, and the oceanographic facilities and support section were combined to form the Ocean Sciences Division of NSF)
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of the International Decade of Ocean Exploration (IDOE) on ocean science funding at the National Science Foundation (NSF)
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of the International Decade of Ocean Exploration (IDOE) on ocean science funding at the National Science Foundation (NSF)
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set the stage for WOCE. THE GROWTH OF MAJOR OCEANOGRAPHIC PROGRAMS IDOE set a pattern for the organization and funding of large oceanographic research efforts.
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However, it is reasonable to assume that the clearly articulated goals and themes of large initiatives provide credible arguments for NSF/OCE and other agency administrators when requesting additional funds to support relevant research in the ocean sciences. OCEAN SCIENCES AT NSF NSF/OCE plays a dominant role in funding basic ocean research and in the majority of ongoing major ocean programs.
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From page 28... ...
Physical Oceanography supports research to better understand physical oceanographic phenomena and their interactions on scales from global to molecular. In addition, Ocean Technology and Interdisciplinary Coordination supports a wide range of multidisciplinary activities that broadly seek to develop, transfer, or apply instrumentation and technologies that will benefit research programs supported by NSF and enhance the conduct of basic research in the ocean sciences.
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From page 29... ...
. These other research initiatives typically differ from what this report generally refers to as major oceanographic programs in that they either lack a specific scientific plan or represent the ocean science component of large interdisciplinary studies that span multiple divisions within the Geoscience Directorate or multiple directorates within NSF.
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From page 30... ...
has thus emerged as a difficult issue in a research community already stressed by increasing numbers of investigators competing for a share of a small funding pool. For example, the 1995 report of the NSF/OCE Committee of Visitors specifically asked for an examination of many aspects of major oceanographic programs including the balance between core and major program funding and the impact of these programs on collegiality in the ocean science community.
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_ m . _ tn 40 20 10 Federal Agency Funding for Ocean Sciences (%)
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in total federal spending research and development vs federal funding for ocean science. Data from the Historical Tables in the FY 1999 White House Budget of the U.S.
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physical oceanography, marine geology and geophysics) funded through the Ocean Sciences Division (OCE)
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for Focus Initiatives (e.g., World Ocean Circulation Experiment [WOCE] , GLOB al Ocean ECosystem Dynamics [GLOBEC]
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The NAS and NAE, through the NRC's Ocean Sciences Board (precursor of today's Ocean Studies Board [OSB]
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Simultaneously, many of the major oceanographic programs funded under the USGCRP are winding down. Unless the funds dedicated to supporting major programs remain with NSF/OCE when these programs end, competition for funding can be expected to increase as researchers previously funded through the major programs begin to submit unsolicited proposals.
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