Global Ocean Science Toward an Integrated Approach (1999) / Chapter Skim
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4 Accomplishments, Impacts, and Legacies
4 Accomplishments, Impacts, and Legacies
Pages 48-70
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From page 48... ...
Accomplishments and benefits of such efforts will inevitably be weighed against any impact they may have on the overall collegiality of the scientific community in which they exist. To systematically examine the impact of major oceanographic programs on various aspects of the ocean sciences, specific metrics of performance need to be evaluated.
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From page 49... ...
In other words major oceanographic programs. Data as Legacy The large amount of data collected during the quasi-synoptic observational phases of many of the ongoing major oceanographic programs presents a new array of challenges in data management, data access, data assimilation, and modeling.
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From page 50... ...
so GLOBAL OCEAN SCIENCE: TOWARD AN INTEGRATED APPROACH measurements of currents in support of WOCE objectives (Firing and Gordon, 1990) , and on dissolved oxygen sensor technology (Atkinson et al., 1995)
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From page 51... ...
Bermuda is also the site of other continuing and historical oceanic and atmospheric time-series programs. One ongoing time series commenced in 1954 includes biweekly profiles of temperature, salinity, and oxygen providing data to link the more recent biogeochemistry time-series studies to the decadal variability in this region.
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From page 52... ...
Even at this early point, citations of the ongoing major oceanographic programs in publications resulting from nonprogram research, would suggest that the major programs are providing stimulus to traditional core-funded research. To evaluate this aspect of major programs, the citations of nine publications listed in the background questionnaire responses from SSCs were analyzed to evaluate impact on research of nonprogram scientists.
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From page 53... ...
The responses listed in Appendix J are included to provide a qualitative sense of the range of views held within the community. It is obvious that members of the community hold differing perceptions of the impact of major oceanographic programs.
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From page 55... ...
RIDGE and ODP, used multichannel seismic systems, along with seafloor sensing systems. Satellite products are being used by all major oceanographic programs, and the programs provided much of the rationale for their design.
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From page 56... ...
The JGOFS program has resulted in de facto standardization of methods for measuring productivity, nutrients, and dissolved organic carbon content. Facilities A legacy of major oceanographic programs has been the technical expertise attained to carry out field observations.
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From page 57... ...
oceanographic programs. There was also some use of NOAA vessels.
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From page 58... ...
discussed the needs of research vessels by current large oceanographic programs and the need for ships by the major programs over the next decade. The very long lead times for facilities development (e.g., research ships, remotely operated and autonomous vehicles [ROVs and AUVsi, cable systems, and satellites)
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From page 59... ...
should be coordinated across agencies with long-range science plans and with input from the ocean sciences community. Community Perceptions of Technology Development Specific examples of technological advancements or facility development can be credited to a number of programs, however, there is no quantitative mechanism to predict whether similar development would have taken place in the absence of major programs.
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From page 60... ...
Major Oceanographic Programs in the Classroom Some major program scientists have used, with great success, Deep-Sea Research issues as a basis for special topics classes. Many graduate programs have held semester or year-long classes using JGOFS, WOCE, and GLOBEC data.
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From page 61... ...
The others at least include discussions of some important publications attributable to major programs, demonstrating that scientific findings of the major programs are becoming well-integrated into the knowledge base and are a significant component of the educational structure. As K-12 educators move toward greater use of on-line information to integrate experience-based teaching into their curricula, the demand for oceanographic data, much of which is collected through major oceanographic programs, will continue to grow.
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From page 62... ...
Some members of the ocean science community are of the opinion that they have received less training in developing their own ideas and generating grant support. In order to understand the real impact participation in major oceanographic programs has had on graduate education, the careers of these students should be tracked and compared to the career tracks of their core-funded peers.
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From page 63... ...
, without a concomitant increase in core funding, it could fundamentally change the way we do our science." It is clear, however, that major oceanographic programs have resulted in significant increases in money that otherwise would not have been available for ocean science research in general. Considering that almost half of the NSF/OCE's budget is being directed at major oceanographic programs, it is surprising that the rate of proposal submission for major programs has been lower than for the core discipline programs.
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From page 64... ...
. However, these statistics must be considered in the context of how major programs are designed and function.
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From page 65... ...
a) Fiscal Year FIGURE 4-2b Average proposal success rates for Focus Initiatives (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study [JGOFS]
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From page 66... ...
When resources become more limited and grant competition increases, there is bound to be added incentive to examine the role of the major programs. The community generally acknowledges, and is frustrated by, declination of many high quality proposals, which contribute to community unrest.
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From page 67... ...
for major programs and core; · Number of ship days for major oceanographic programs versus core projects; . Number of graduate students supported by major oceanographic programs versus number of graduate students supported by core grants; and · Number of post doctoral students supported by major oceanographic programs versus by core grants.
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From page 68... ...
In either case, there needs to be a mechanism for smaller sub-sets of principal investigators to regroup and repropose. The federal sponsors, and especially NSF/OCE, should make every effort to encourage and support a broad spectrum of interdisciplinary research activities (varying in size from a collaboration of a few scientists to programs perhaps even larger in scope than the present major oceanographic programs)
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From page 69... ...
Indian Ocean expedition; Beginning of / ACCE field program; NSCAT/ADEOS launched 1997: International synthesis plan issued; Official end of WOCE field program FIGURE 4-4 Major events or "milestones" in the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) program compared to program research funding (in current dollars from all U.S.
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From page 70... ...
Many of the existing major oceanographic programs discussed in this report are the U.S. components of international programs.
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