Pesticide Resistance Strategies and Tactics for Management (1986) / Chapter Skim
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Executive Summary
Executive Summary
Pages 1-10
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From page 1... ...
Research on the phenomenon of resistance progressed slowly over the next three decades, despite a steadily growing list of documented cases. In the 1970s three unrelated factors converged, heightening concern around the world and lending momentum to scientific research focused on the genetic, biochemical, and ecological factors associated with resistance.
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From page 2... ...
Companies now take very seriously the prospect that resistance may limit the number of years a new product will have to recover the steadily growing costs incurred in its development, testing, production, and registration. In the United States timely progress in managing resistance is a practical necessity for many farmers struggling to stay profitable in the face of growing international competition.
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From page 3... ...
A pest population just beginning to display resistance may respond favorably to a change in management tactics for only a relatively brief period after detection. Resistance can progress within just a few seasons or even within a season to a point at which dramatic changes in control strategies or cropping patterns become necessary.
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From page 4... ...
Experience has taught us that resistance episodes will flare up like forest fires, sometimes unexpectedly and other times not surprisingly. As scientists and institutions gain expertise and devote additional resources to contend with threatening resistance occurrences, it is critical that steps also be taken, steadily and collectively, to develop a deeper understanding of resistance.
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From page 5... ...
Resistance can and must be attacked in a variety of ways. Some scientists and pest-control practitioners will focus on the need for changes in farmers' pest-control practices; some will develop methods to detect and monitor resistance; and others will attempt to find improved institutions to coordinate management of resistant pest populations among various groups of farmers, other pesticide users, and pesticide manufacturers.
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From page 6... ...
Population biology theory has been useful in a retrospective manner in explaining past resistance episodes. It can also be useful in a predictive manner, for the development of optimum operational schemes to manage resistance for each pest-control situation (Chapter 31; RECOMMENDATION 5.
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From page 7... ...
Resistance monitoring activities are most effective when they are conducted by the people immediately concerned with the problem and most familiar with the specific situation of pesticide use (Chapters 4 and 6~. Building wherever possible on existing initiatives (including NBIAP, the National Biological Impact Assessment Program, organized by the U.S.
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From page 8... ...
Appropriate groups, such as the Cooperative State Research Service, the Cooperative Extension Service, the Public Health Service, and professional societies, should take leadership roles in organizing work and educational groups within state, regional, and national IPM programs to implement efforts to manage resistance (Chapter 6~. It is necessary for some organizations to take a leadership role including the establishment of new funding sources and mechanisms to help galvanize research pertinent to management of resistance and to initiate new collaboration on projects essential to scientific progress on many key fronts (Chapter 61.
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From page 9... ...
We can and should learn from these lessons. It has become apparent that the phenomenon of resistance demands clear, thoughtful, and systematic actions to prevent the loss of valuable pesticides that can contribute greatly to meeting food needs.
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