Effectiveness of the United States Advanced Battery Consortium as a Government-Industry Partnership (1998) / Chapter Skim
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3 Performance Goals and Project Selection
3 Performance Goals and Project Selection
Pages 21-32
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From page 21... ...
The objectives and goals, and their underlying assumptions and implications, are described below. PROGRAM OBJECTIVES The USABC established four overarching objectives (Thorpe, 19971: · to establish a capability for an advanced battery manufacturing industry in the United States · to accelerate the market potential of EVs through joint research on the most promising advanced battery alternatives · to develop electrical energy systems capable of providing EVs with ranges and performance levels competitive with petroleum-based vehicles · to leverage external funding for high-risk, high-cost R&D on advanced batteries for EVs Operational targets based on the CARB mandates were (1)
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From page 22... ...
For example, GM has leased only a few hundred vehicles in Los Angeles, San Diego, Tucson, and Phoenix combined (Leclair, 1997.) On the basis of the market analysis and experience with vehicle markets, the USABC set seven customer requirements for a sustainable market: reliable and safe operation under both routine and extreme conditions · a range of more than 100 miles in actual customer use · life-cycle costs comparable to those of an ICE vehicle · equivalent performance in hill climbing to an ICE vehicle · battery lifetime equal to the lifetime of the vehicle · minimal routine maintenance · operating capability in all climates When the USABC was established, these market objectives could not be met by an EV powered by a commercially available battery.
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From page 23... ...
The commercialization goals have been the principal focus of the program since 1996. OPERATING COSTS The USABC battery performance goals, which have played a major role in the USABC's decision making, are based on an analysis conducted in 1994 comparing the operating costs of EVs and ICE vehicles (R.
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From page 24... ...
< 150 < 150 < 100 Operating environment - 30 to 65°C - 40 to 85°C Recharge time (hours) < 6 < 3 to 6 Continuous discharge in 1 ha 75% 75% Power and capacity degradationb 20% 20% aContinuous discharge capacity is defined as the energy delivered in a constant power discharge required by an EV for hill climbing and high-speed cruising, specified as the percent of energy capacity delivered in a one-hour constant power discharge.
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From page 25... ...
The USABC mailed out 130 RFPI packages and received 59 proposals based on 16 different battery technologies (Nichols, 1992~. Eight awards were made for six technologies.]
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From page 26... ...
The 59 proposals received in response to the RFPI were evaluated according to selection criteria based on the potential of the proposed technology to meet performance goals; the vision of the proposed development plan; the ownership of the proposed technology; the capability for high-volume manufacturing; cost sharing; the financial viability of the company/team; experience and past performance; the probability of successful commercialization; the qualifications of key personnel; the understanding of the project requirements; previous experience with high-power batteries; the ability to comply with battery packaging constraints; and the ability to meet required time schedules. Weighting factors were assigned to each category, with some values varying between midterm and longterm goals.
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From page 27... ...
accelerating the market potential of EVs through joint research on the most promising battery technologies and (2) providing electrical energy systems capable of providing EVs with range and performance levels competitive with those of petroleum-based vehicles.
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From page 28... ...
In 1992, the manufacturers of lead-acid batteries and their suppliers formed their own consortium, the Advanced Lead Acid Battery Consortium (ALABC) , which has an applied research program aimed at making leadacid technology competitive with the battery technologies being developed under the USABC initiative.
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From page 29... ...
Companies with relatively mature battery technologies, which had been developed at considerable expense over many years, were understandably concerned about revealing proprietary information. Negotiations to handle potential problems could have been arranged but would have delayed the project selection process, which was already under severe time pressure.
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From page 30... ...
The expectations described in the RFPI clearly indicate that the USABC program is an engineering, rather than a science, initiative, although the proposal evaluation criteria if applied rigorously are less definitive. Although the capability of the proposed technology to meet the applicable criteria was an important factor in the decision-making process, the USABC also gave considerable weight to other factors, such as ownership of the proposed technology, highvolume manufacturing process capability, cost sharing, and the financial viability of the proposer's company/team.
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From page 31... ...
Battery systems developed to meet the midterm goals were not expected to gain a sustainable share of the market for EV batteries or even necessarily to contribute to the development of battery systems to meet the long-term goals. The principal purpose of developing midterm batteries was to meet the original CARB requirements for ZEV market share in the late 1990s and establish a market share for EVs.
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From page 32... ...
The Advanced Lead Acid Battery Consortium undertook its own applied research program, which has resulted in significant improvements in lead-acid battery technology.
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