Biographical Memoirs Volume 74 (1998) / Chapter Skim
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Albert Francis Birch
Albert Francis Birch
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13io,qraphicat Memoirs VOLUME 74
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, thermal expansion, en c! thermal conductivity of rocks en c!
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to the Gordon McKay Laboratory of Applied Physics. Francis Birch received his bachelor of science degree in electrical engineering magna cum laude in 1924.
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He reported for the first time the paramagnetic properties of potassium cyanide, and in a paper first-authored by Weiss, Birch provided initial data for the magnetic saturation field value for metallic Co-Ni alloys. A separate paper on the magnetic moment of Cu++ ions was solely authored by Birch.
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to the office of Arthur L Day, director of the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington.
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A Daly, a leading Harvard geologist, and included physicist Percy Bricigman, astronomer HarIow Shapely, geologists L
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these with velocity models from crustal refraction seismology. Birch found that the lower crust's elastic properties were compatible with several granites en c!
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It probably was obvious to Birch that the near surface thermal gradients, which Birch en c! CIark4 measurer!
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in many other rock types. They then went on to calculate the heat flow from continental regions en c!
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The Corps of Engineers, Manhattan District, evolvec! into the Manhattan Project, which encompassed all aspects of the Uniter!
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The reviser! uranium gun program (cocle name Little Boy)
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HEAT FLOW AND RADI OACTIVITY OF THE EARTH Birch's objective was to unclerstanc! how the temperature versus depth in the Earth was controller!
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in a province by a relation that was simply given as Q = a + bA Where Q is the surface heat flow, A is heat production per unit volume in the surface rocks, en c!
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Moreover, for the first time, he used the Debye theory to estimate the thermal expansion coefficient of materials at high pressure, a quantity very difficult to actually measure, and then derived complete equations of states specifying density as a function of pressure and temperature, and the internal gravitational acceleration in the Earth from the seismic velocity profiles versus radius. New seismic profiles had been recently refined by K
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to the nature of the materials uncler high pressure en c! temperature in the Earth's inter~or: Unwary readers should take warning that ordinary language undergoes modification to a high-pressure form when applied to the interior of the Earth.
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seminal papers on the energetics of core formation en c! the Earth's thermal state.
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Birch supplied mineral and rock samples and sample analyses, as well as much encouragement, to Robert G McQueen en c!
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many graduate students, who later macle important contributions to Earth science. Early in his Harvarc!
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This prize was highly symbolic, as Bullarc! pioneered the measurement of Earth heat flow beneath the oceans, whereas Birch pioneered!
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The effect of pressure upon the elastic properties of isotropic solids according to Murnaghan's theory of finite strain.
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41 :641-48. 1938 The effect of pressure upon the elastic properties of isotropic solids according to Murnaghan's theory of finite strain.
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Thermal conductivity, climatic variation, and heat flow near Calumet, Michigan.
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Heat generation of plutonic rocks and continental heat flow provinces. Earth Planet.
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