Seismic Signals from Mining Operations and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Comments on a Draft Report by a Department of Energy Working Group (1998) / Chapter Skim
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Appendix B: Executive Summary of the DOE-Working Group Report
Appendix B: Executive Summary of the DOE-Working Group Report
Pages 43-54
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From page 43... ...
Appendix B Executive Summary Reducing the Ambiguity and Visibility of Seismic Signals from Mining Activities: Benefits to the Mining industries and to the Communities Monitoring the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty March 1997 Draft Report of a DOE-Working Group 43
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From page 44... ...
The mining industry generates seismic signals from surface and underground blasting, and from underground mine failures. Seismic magnitudes of the largest mine collapses have exceeded 5.0 (equivalent to the signal from a 10 kiloton contained nuclear explosion)
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From page 45... ...
Confidence building measures are cooperative actions that can be taken by nations to improve the performance of the monitoring system and eliminate ambiguities that may develop in the interpretation of the resulting data. The voluntary exchange of information related to the national use of all chemical explosives greater than 300 tonnes TNT-equivalent is an example of a suggested confidence building measure.
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From page 46... ...
Only sublevel caving, longhole open sloping, and final pillar recovery in the room and pillar method represent a high potential of being detected at far-field seismic stations. Ground Vibration and Airblast Monitoring in the Near-Source Region Current ground vibration monitoring in mines and around blast sites is performed with relatively inexpensive seismographs.
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From page 47... ...
. Regional Signals from Mining Explosions Seismic data at near-source distances are consistent with regional data, suggesting that contained nuclear explosions cannot be distinguished from contained chemical explosions that are simultaneously detonated (Denny, 1994~.
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From page 48... ...
Nearsource monitoring of the induced mine collapse showed that the individual explosive charges emplaced in the pillars did not produce strong seismic signals; however, the failure of the pillars and of the material above the working level did produce regionally detected signals. A regional magnitude upper bound estimate of 3.1 was determined for this event.
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From page 49... ...
However, some rockbursts are similar to implosional or explosional events and thus could be of concern to CTBT verification. RECOMMENDED MEASURES TO REDUCE VISIBILITY AND AMBIGUITY Measures Concerning Explosive Usage Visibility and Transparency Comparison of near-source and regional waveforms from individual mining explosions has shown that practices designed to control ground motions in the strong ground motion region around the mine also control motions at regional distances.
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Empirical procedures are suggested for calibration or fingerprinting of signals from active mines in order to minimize the impact of the verification system on mine operations by minimizing false alarms. The approach to obtaining ground truth information for calibration/validation of a regional monitoring system is to use a set of simple portable instruments which could be deployed and operated by one or two people with a minimum of effort in the near-source region.
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From page 51... ...
A call for an On-Site Inspection will come at great economic and political cost, particularly if the event of concern proves not to be a nuclear explosion. For this reason the detonation of single-fired, contained explosions in the same geology as that where standard delay-fired mining explosions are conducted can provide relevant empirical data for identifying differences between standard mining explosions and those that are simultaneously detonated.
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From page 52... ...
mining industry have identified a number of practices and tools which, if widely adopted and practiced, would likely reduce the false alarms that may be registered by an International Monitoring System. REPORT ORGANIZATION This report focuses on two general classes of mining events that will generate regional seismic signals.
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From page 53... ...
The techniques and analysis tools that have been assembled to characterize the seismic signals from mining operations have intrinsic value for the mining industry, in addition to being essential for Treaty verification. These dual use items are discussed in Chapter 5 (Potential Benefits)
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