Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiations Time for Reassessment? (1998) / Chapter Skim
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2. Epidemiologic Investigations
2. Epidemiologic Investigations
Pages 6-13
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From page 6... ...
NEW EPIDEMIOLOGIC RESULTS Table ~ summarizes some of the more important epidemiologic data that have been published since 1990, when the BEIR V report appeared, or that were not available to the BEIR V committee. The table includes studies that the current committee expects to produce new and useful epidemiologic data during the term of a BEIR VIT phase-2 committee.
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From page 7... ...
IN -UP SITES STUDY PERIOD REPORTED TYPE OF REFERENCE STUDY Weiss and others, 1994 Cohort Weiss and others, 1995 | Cohon Preston and others, 1994 Cohort Thompson and others, l 994 Ron and others, l 995a Cohort Cohort Pierce and others, 1996 I Cohort Land and others, 1994a Case control Land and others, 1994b Delongchamp and others, 1997 Cohort Howe, 1995 Cohort Howe and McLaughlin, 1996 Cohort Kleinerman and others, 1995 Cohort Storm and others, 1992 Case control in cohort SERIES | SEX | Mortality Mortality Male and Female Male and Female 15,577 14,767 19351992 19351992 All cancer and multiple cancer sites Leukemia Atomic-bomb survivors Incidence Incidence Incidence Male and Female Male and Female Male and Female 93,696 79,972 80,311 1 950 1987 19581987 19581989 Leukemia, Iymphoma, multiple myeloma Multiple cancer sites (solid tumors) Benign tumors of stomach, colon, and rectum Atomic-bomb survivors Mortality Male and Female 86,572 1 9501990 Non leukemias, leukemia, and multiple cancer sites Breast cancer Atomic-bomb survivors Female Cases: 196 Controls: 566 19551981 Atomic-bomb survivors (in utero cohorts)
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From page 8... ...
control 4,109 1987 in Cases: 655 ~ cohort Controls: ~ Fallout from Kerber and others, l 993 Cohort Incidence Male 2,473 1965- Thyroid Nevada Test Site and 1986 cancer and Female other thyroid disease Simon and others, l 995 Case Male Cases: 1952- Leukemia control and 1,177 1981 Female Controls: 5,330 Massachusetts Davis and others, 1989 Cohort Mortality Male 13,385 1929- Multiple fluoroscope and 1986 cancer sites Boice and others, 1991 Female l ~ Cohort | Incidence ~ Female 4,940 1925- _ Multiple Hoffman and others, 1989 Cohort Incidence Female 1,030 1935- Breast cancer diagnostic xrays of 1986 scoliosis patients Nuclear industry Cardis and others 1994 Cohort Mortality Male 95,673 1943- Multiple workers and 1988 cancer sites (combined Female analysis) Cardis and others, 1995 Cohort Mortality Male 95,673 1943- Solid tumors and 1988 and leukemia Female Nuclear workers at Koshurnikova and Shilnikova, Cohort Mortality Male 18,879 1948- Lung cancer Mayak Production 1996 and 1993 and Association l l l I Female I I I leukemia Pelvic Inskip and others 1993 Cohort Mortality Female 12,955 1929- Multiple radiotherapy for 1985 hematopoietic benign cancers gynecologic disease l l l l l l l Pooled analysis of Ron and others, l995b Cohort Incidence Male 120,000 1926- Thyroid external radiation Case and 1990 cancer and thyroid cancer control Female Radiation Wong and others, 1996 Cohort Incidence Male 544 1939- Benign treatment for and 1991 thyroid benign head and Female nodules neck conditions (benign thyroid tumors)
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From page 9... ...
l l l l l l l Radiation Curtis and others, l 992 Case Female Cohort: 1973- Leukemia treatment for control 82,700 1985 breast cancer in Cases: 90 cohort ~ Controls: Radiation Griem and others, 1994 Cohort Mortality Male 3,609 1937- Multiple treatment for and 1985 cancer sites peptic ulcer Female Radiotherapy for Hancock and others, 1993 Cohort Incidence Female 885 1961- Breast cancer Hodgkin disease and 1990 (breast cancer) l | I Mortality I I l I Radiotherapy for Birdwell and others, 1997 Cohort Incidence Male 2,441 1961 - Multiple Hodgkin Disease and and 1993 cancer sites (gastronteshnal ~ Mortality ~ Female ~| ~ inteshna l l l l l | | only)
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From page 10... ...
In a recent mortality update from the Japanese atomic-bomb survivor Life Span Study cohort, Pierce and others (1996) modeled mortality to the end of 1990.
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From page 11... ...
; given the recent National Cancer Institute report (National Cancer Institute 1997) estimating thyroid doses to the US population from Todine-131 in fallout from the Nevada Test Site, BEIR VIT phase-2 will be expected to address the issue of thyroid cancers induced by Todine-131.
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From page 12... ...
Furthermore, there have been methodologic developments, such as the incorporation of dose measurement errors in fitting risk models. The primary purpose of a BEIR VIT phase-2 study would be to present a balanced overview of the new epidemiologic evidence and in particular to synthesize results from all the relevant studies, giving appropriate weight to the value of each study.
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From page 13... ...
of simple models now being used in radiation protection, such as linear nonthreshold models in which the estimated relative risk at ~ sievert might depend upon age at exposure but remains invarient over time after exposure (with a minimal latent period) or an otherwise similar quadratic (linear-quadratic)
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