Skip to main content

Reducing the Odds Preventing Perinatal Transmission of HIV in the United States (1999) / Chapter Skim
Currently Skimming:

K Details of the Committee's Models and Assumptions
Pages 304-312

The Chapter Skim interface presents what we've algorithmically identified as the most significant single chunk of text within every page in the chapter.
Select key terms on the right to highlight them within pages of the chapter.


From page 304...
... In support of the recommendations in Chapter 7, this appendix estimates the predictive value of prenatal HIV testing, reviews existing economic evaluations of prenatal screening programs, and develops a simple model to evaluate prenatal HIV testing in clinical and economic terms. The primary difference between this and existing models is that the costs of initial ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
Read the entire page →
From page 305...
... and the number of positive ELISA tests that would result for every 10,000 pregnant women tested for a given HIV prevalence rate. The table also shows the PPV for a range of prevalence values.
Read the entire page →
From page 306...
... counseling and testing guidelines nationally would prevent 656 pediatric HIV infections annually and would result in a medical care cost saving of $105.6 million. Varying the maternal seroprevalence rate, they find that screening is cost saving as long as the prevalence rate is above 1.1 per 1,000.
Read the entire page →
From page 307...
... If a hypothetical population of 7,000 HIV-infected pregnant women all obtained early prenatal care; if their providers were in complete compliance with PHS recommendations regarding counseling, testing, and ZDV treatment; and if women all accepted HIV tests and ZDV treatment, and all pregnancies resulted in a live birth the committee estimates that 350 HIV-infected babies would be born (i.e., the risk of transmission under optimal care is 5%~. If, however, the onset of prenatal care, provider behavior, or other factors affecting perinatal HIV transmission are not optimal, the number of HIV-infected babies increases.
Read the entire page →
From page 308...
... Increase in number ofNA 234.76205.60 179.68193.45 HIV-infected babies from achievable scenario (%) NOTE: Model assumes no fetal loss and two perinatal HIV transmission rates (.25 and .05)
Read the entire page →
From page 309...
... (column 5~. · Increasing the providers offering ZDV treatment from 90% to 100% reduces the number of HIV-infected babies by 5% (from 1,172 to 1,107)
Read the entire page →
From page 310...
... (column 7~. Given the current environment, the most effective single intervention to reduce perinatal transmission is to increase the number of providers offering HIV tests (reduces perinatal HIV transmission by 16%~.
Read the entire page →
From page 311...
... (Table K.3, column 3~. This simplified model illustrates the need for multifaceted approaches to significantly reduce perinatal HIV transmission.
Read the entire page →
From page 312...
... To achieve a further 50% decline in the number of HIV-infected babies (i.e., from 1,172 to 580 infected babies) and be within reach of the currently achievable state (i.e., 350 infected babies)
Read the entire page →

Key Terms

  • hiv testing
  • pregnant women
  • zdv treatment
  • hiv transmission
  • prenatal hiv

  • predictive value
  • perinatal hiv
  • hiv screening
  • reduce perinatal
  • current environment

  • cost saving
  • hiv tests
  • economic evaluations
  • transmission rates
  • positive elisa

  • elisa test
  • repeatedly positive
  • screening programs
  • western blot
  • women accepted

  • offered zdv
  • perinatal transmission
  • marginal cost
  • positive predictive
  • affecting perinatal

  • hiv test
  • routine hiv
  • accepted hiv
  • blood samples
  • seroprevalence rate


    • This material may be derived from roughly machine-read images, and so is provided only to facilitate research.
    More information on Chapter Skim is available.