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From page 307... ... , 267 307 Aerodynamics, 76-80 computational, 90 Aerosol suspensions, 29, 39 Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) , 45, 46 Air shower, 283-284 Air-sea interaction, 69 Alcator tokamak, 162-163, 165-166 Alfven speed, 284 waves, 84, 284 Alpha particle, 132, 146- 150, 284 Alpha-particle heating, 12 Ambipolar diffusion, 284 potential, 180, 284 Analytical methods, 88-89 Anisotropy, 284 Anomalous transport, 165, 284 ANTARES laser, 235, 284 Antenna, 284 Army Research Office (ARO) Read the entire page →
From page 308... ... , 267 Axial confinement, 176, 178-181 losses, 176 B Ballooning instability. 285 mode, 167-168 Banana orbits, 164-165, 285 Barn, 285 Beam-plasma interactions, 262, 285 Beat-wave accelerator, 104 Beta limits, 166-168, 181 values, 21, 23, 150, 152, 285 Bifurcation sequence, 62 theory, 61 Biofluid dynamics, 81-83 mechanics, see Fluid physics Bioheat transfer theory, 82 Black holes, 259, 285 Blackbodies, plasmas as, 132 Blackjack V, 98, 101 Blanket, 285 Boundary-value problems, 58 Bow shocks, planetary, 27 Boycott effect, 67 Breakeven, 285 thermalized, 148-149 Breaking of waves, 68 Bremsstrahlung, 286 inverse, 111, 228-229, 292 Brillouin instability, 229, 286 scattering, 286 Brownian motion, 59 Bubble formation, 75 Bumpsy tours, 286 Bunching, electron, 108-109, 289 Buoyancy-driven motion, 66-67 C Calutron, 114 Carbon dioxide, increasing, 85 Carbon dioxide laser, 286 Cardiovascular fluid mechanics, 82 Caviton, 2, 118 Cellular physiological function, 31, 42 Central cell, 286 Central-cell plasma, 180-181 Cerenkov radiation, 286 CFD (computational fluid dynamics) Read the entire page →
From page 309... ... , 22, 195-204, 287 Compressed fuel, cold, 224 Computational aerodynamics, 90 fluid dynamics (CFD) , 28, 38-39, 78, 89-91 program, national, 15, 278-279 techniques, fluid physics, 43 Condensation, nonequilibrium, 75 Confinement axial, 176, 178-181 classical, 286 inertial, see Inertial, confinement magnetic, see Magnetic, confinement parameter, 148, 179, 287 radial, 176, 183-184 toroidal, 304 Contact line, 69 Controlled thermonuclear fusion, 287 Convection, 66 cells, large-scale, 256 in materials processes, 67 turbulent buoyant, 66 Coriolis force, 74 Corona, 287 Cosmic ray, 27, 254, 287 Cosmic-ray observations, 15 Coulomb collisions, 122 interaction energy, 7, 8 Coupled plasma physics, strongly, 8, 19, 136-140, 303 Coupling efficiency, 223-224 Cray computers, 138 CRM (cyclotron resonance masers) Read the entire page →
From page 310... ... 65 Eddy-resolving computer models, 29, 39 Education, fluid physics, 43-44, 45 Electrically conducting fluids, flows of, 83-84 Electromagnetic modes, 110 radiation, 289 wave-plasma interaction, 111 - 116 Electron, 289 beams, intense, 98 bunching, 108-109, 289 collisional ionization, 126 cyclotron frequency, 114- 115 cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) power, 187, 206-212, 289 density, 289 gas, 8 heat transport in solar wind, 26 plasmas, 141 - 142 superthermal, 305 suprathermal, 229 temperature, 289 volt (eV) Read the entire page →
From page 311... ... , 5, 109, 290 radiation sources, 19, 107- 110, 290 "Frozen-in" theorem, 118 Fuel droplets, individual, 50 Fuel economy, 31, 41 transport, 78 Funding resources, 32, 33 Fusion, 290 applications, advanced, 236-237 concepts, alternate, 241 controlled thermonuclear, 287 laser, 112, 293 plasma, 5 confinement and heating, 11-14, 144 242 funding of research, 238-239 ignited, 12 scope and objectives of research, 144 156 power systems, 144 process, 146-150 reaction rate, 147 reactors, 236-237 research, 144-146 systems, inertial-confinement, 221-236 thermonuclear, 4-5, 108, 144 Fusion-fission hybrid, 290 G Gabor lens, 142 311 Galaxy, 248 Gamma rays, 290 Gas dynamics, see Fluid, physics Gas turbine engine, 37 Gaseous diffusion plants, 114 Geometrical optics, 291 Geophysical flows, 54, 76 fluid dynamics (GFD) , 84-86 motions, 60 turbulence, 65 GFD (geophysical fluid dynamics) Read the entire page →
From page 312... ... , 188-189, 206-212, 292 temperature, 292 Ion-ion collisions, 126 Ionization, 292 Ionization Front Accelerator, 102 Ionosphere, 4, 292 Irradiation, 292 Isotope, 292 separation, 114-116 separation research, 5 ISTP (International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program) , 266, 275-276 J JET (Joint European Torus) Read the entire page →
From page 313... ... , 208, 209, 212 Luce diode, 102 M Macroscopic equilibrium, 122 instability, 294 Macrostability, 176, 181-183 Magnetic bottle, 150, 153, 294 confinement, 11-13, 20-23, 145, 150154, 294; see also Stellarator; Tokamak mirror, 151, 152 plasma theory developments related to, 120-124 principal findings and recommendations, 240-241 toroidal, 151, 152, 304 universities involved in, 34 field, 4 interaction of turbulence with, 259260 flux, 121 hills and wells, 122-123 insulation, 294 island, 294 mirror, 294 mirror confinement, 294-295 mirror field, 173 mirror systems, 172-185; see also Mirror entries pressure, 295 reconnection, 118-119, 252-254 storm, 265, 295 Magnetic Fusion Advisory Committee (MFAC) , 12 Magneto hydrodynamic atmospheres and winds, 248-249 instability, 181 jets, 257-259 Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Read the entire page →
From page 314... ... , 46, 47 Natural gas, liquefied, 49 Navier-Stokes equations, 49, 88 Reynolds-averaged, 90, 91 Negative-ion beams, 296 Neoclassical, term, 296 Neodymium-glass laser, 226, 296 Neutral gas interaction with plasma, 263-264 injection, 296 plasma, 140-141 Neutral-beam heating, 21, 204, 216-221 Neutron, 132, 296 star, 27, 297 star magnetosphere, 257 NMFECC (National Magnetic Fusion Energy Computer Center) , 11, 240 NMR (nuclear-magnetic-resonance) Read the entire page →
From page 315... ... INDEX 3 15 Perfusion, lung, 83 Phase change, 74-76 Photon, 298 Physicochemical hydrodynamics, 58 Physics atomic, 127-128 flow, 9 fluid, see Fluid entries laser-coupling, 13 laser-target, 226-227 plasma, see Plasma, physics transport, 202 Physiological function, cellular, 31, 42 Pinch effect, 298 Pipe flows, 75 Pipelines, slurry, 87 Pitch angle, 298 scattering, 298 Planetary bow shocks, 27 magnetospheres, 249, 251-252, 256 rotation, 74 Plasma, 4, 95, 298 activity, time-resolved, 132-133 atomic processes in, 124-128 as blackbody, 132 central-cell, 180-181 classification of, 6-8 collisionless, 4, 286 confinement, 144-146, 298; see also Inertial, confinement; Magnetic, confinement corona, 111 coupling of laser light to, 228-231 cross section, 298 dense, 7 dense nonneutral, 10 diagnostics, 128-136 effects, 3 electromagnetic wave interaction with, 111-116 electron, 141-142 equilibrium, 298 erosion opening switch, 100 flows, large-scale, 256-259 flows, small-scale, 166 frequency, 298 fusion, see Fusion, plasma heating, 204-221 ideal classical, 7-8 instabilities, 153, 298 jet, 27 neutral, 140-141 neutral gas interaction with, 262-263 nonlinear phenomenain, 116-120 nonneutral, 20, 140-143, 297 one-component classical (OCP) , 136139 oscillations, 4, 245 parameters, 134 tokamak, 161, 162 physics applications of, 1-2 astrophysical, see Astrophysical plasma physics basic, 95 basic research, 10 emergence of, 3-6 funding for, 32-33 future research opportunities, 19-20 general, 10-11, 95-143 scope and objectives of, 95-97 general findings concerning, 1-2 magnetic confinement and, 120-124 modern, 4, 245 nonlinear, 2, 10, 96 Rayleigh-Taylor instability in, 26 recommendations, 2-3 research in, 33, 97 significant recent accomplishments, 18-19 solar-system, 14- 15, 266-267 space, see Space plasma physics strongly coupled, 136- 140, 302 in university curriculum, 279-281 plug, 181 quantum, 8 radiation, 298-299 space, 5-6 strongly coupled, 8, 19, 302 with superhigh-energy densities, 277 temperature, 6-7 tenuous, 6 toroidal, 161 wave, 299 Plasma-arc centrifuge, 142 Plug plasma, 181 Polarization, 299 Polarized nucleus, 236 Poloidal diverter, 299 field, 299 Read the entire page →
From page 316... ... , 112 Rayleigh-Taylor instability, 26, 234-235 Reacting flows, 48-51 Reconnection, 26, 260, 300 forced, 119 magnetic, 118-119, 252-254 Refraction, 300 Relativistic magnetron, 109 particles, 301 "Reptation" theory, 53 Resistive instability, 301 magnetohydrodynamics, 123, 301 Resonance absorption, 111, 229 "Resonant transport" loss, 183-184 Resources, funding and manpower, 32, 33 Reversed-field pinch (REP) , 22, 190-195, 301 Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, 90, 91 rf, see Radio-frequency entries RFP (reversed-field pinch) Read the entire page →
From page 317... ... experiment, 188 Synchrotron radiation, 303 Systems models in next decade, 275-276 T Tailed radio galaxies, 252 Tandem mirror, 12, 303 concept, 21, 23 system, 174-185 Symmetric (STM) , 188 Target, 303 Tearing instability, 303 Tearing mode, 167, 168 Temperature, plasma, 6-7 Tenuous plasma, 6 Terrella, 303 Terrestrial radiation belts, 4 TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor) Read the entire page →
From page 318... ... , 22, 195-204, 287 Torsatron, 304 Transmission line, 304 Transport fuel economy, 78 physics, 202 Trapped particles, 304 Traveling-wave tube, 107 Tritium, 146-150, 304 Triton, 304 Tsunamis, 68 Turbomachinery flows, 73 Turbulence, 30, 40, 62-66, 304 drift-wave, 124 geophysical, 65 interaction of, with magnetic fields, 259-260 Langmuir, 118 Turbulent buoyant convection, 66 flame, 50-51 flows, 28-29, 39 fluid motion, 2 relaxation to force-free states, 119- 120 Two-plasmon instability, 229 U Underground combustion, 49 University curriculum, plasma physics in, 279-281 Unsteady separated flows, 56 V Vacuum-plasma-arc centrifuge, 115 Velocity space instability, 305 Ventilation, lung, 83 Very-high-frequency radar backscatter, 270 Very-long-baseline-interferometry (VLBI) technique, 259 Viscosity-dominated flows, 57-60 Viscous fluid mechanics, 57-60 VLBI (very-long-baseline-interferometry) Read the entire page →

From page 307...

... , 267 307 Aerodynamics, 76-80 computational, 90 Aerosol suspensions, 29, 39 Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) , 45, 46 Air shower, 283-284 Air-sea interaction, 69 Alcator tokamak, 162-163, 165-166 Alfven speed, 284 waves, 84, 284 Alpha particle, 132, 146- 150, 284 Alpha-particle heating, 12 Ambipolar diffusion, 284 potential, 180, 284 Analytical methods, 88-89 Anisotropy, 284 Anomalous transport, 165, 284 ANTARES laser, 235, 284 Antenna, 284 Army Research Office (ARO)

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From page 308...

... , 267 Axial confinement, 176, 178-181 losses, 176 B Ballooning instability. 285 mode, 167-168 Banana orbits, 164-165, 285 Barn, 285 Beam-plasma interactions, 262, 285 Beat-wave accelerator, 104 Beta limits, 166-168, 181 values, 21, 23, 150, 152, 285 Bifurcation sequence, 62 theory, 61 Biofluid dynamics, 81-83 mechanics, see Fluid physics Bioheat transfer theory, 82 Black holes, 259, 285 Blackbodies, plasmas as, 132 Blackjack V, 98, 101 Blanket, 285 Boundary-value problems, 58 Bow shocks, planetary, 27 Boycott effect, 67 Breakeven, 285 thermalized, 148-149 Breaking of waves, 68 Bremsstrahlung, 286 inverse, 111, 228-229, 292 Brillouin instability, 229, 286 scattering, 286 Brownian motion, 59 Bubble formation, 75 Bumpsy tours, 286 Bunching, electron, 108-109, 289 Buoyancy-driven motion, 66-67 C Calutron, 114 Carbon dioxide, increasing, 85 Carbon dioxide laser, 286 Cardiovascular fluid mechanics, 82 Caviton, 2, 118 Cellular physiological function, 31, 42 Central cell, 286 Central-cell plasma, 180-181 Cerenkov radiation, 286 CFD (computational fluid dynamics)

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From page 309...

... , 22, 195-204, 287 Compressed fuel, cold, 224 Computational aerodynamics, 90 fluid dynamics (CFD) , 28, 38-39, 78, 89-91 program, national, 15, 278-279 techniques, fluid physics, 43 Condensation, nonequilibrium, 75 Confinement axial, 176, 178-181 classical, 286 inertial, see Inertial, confinement magnetic, see Magnetic, confinement parameter, 148, 179, 287 radial, 176, 183-184 toroidal, 304 Contact line, 69 Controlled thermonuclear fusion, 287 Convection, 66 cells, large-scale, 256 in materials processes, 67 turbulent buoyant, 66 Coriolis force, 74 Corona, 287 Cosmic ray, 27, 254, 287 Cosmic-ray observations, 15 Coulomb collisions, 122 interaction energy, 7, 8 Coupled plasma physics, strongly, 8, 19, 136-140, 303 Coupling efficiency, 223-224 Cray computers, 138 CRM (cyclotron resonance masers)

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From page 310...

... 65 Eddy-resolving computer models, 29, 39 Education, fluid physics, 43-44, 45 Electrically conducting fluids, flows of, 83-84 Electromagnetic modes, 110 radiation, 289 wave-plasma interaction, 111 - 116 Electron, 289 beams, intense, 98 bunching, 108-109, 289 collisional ionization, 126 cyclotron frequency, 114- 115 cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) power, 187, 206-212, 289 density, 289 gas, 8 heat transport in solar wind, 26 plasmas, 141 - 142 superthermal, 305 suprathermal, 229 temperature, 289 volt (eV)

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From page 311...

... , 5, 109, 290 radiation sources, 19, 107- 110, 290 "Frozen-in" theorem, 118 Fuel droplets, individual, 50 Fuel economy, 31, 41 transport, 78 Funding resources, 32, 33 Fusion, 290 applications, advanced, 236-237 concepts, alternate, 241 controlled thermonuclear, 287 laser, 112, 293 plasma, 5 confinement and heating, 11-14, 144 242 funding of research, 238-239 ignited, 12 scope and objectives of research, 144 156 power systems, 144 process, 146-150 reaction rate, 147 reactors, 236-237 research, 144-146 systems, inertial-confinement, 221-236 thermonuclear, 4-5, 108, 144 Fusion-fission hybrid, 290 G Gabor lens, 142 311 Galaxy, 248 Gamma rays, 290 Gas dynamics, see Fluid, physics Gas turbine engine, 37 Gaseous diffusion plants, 114 Geometrical optics, 291 Geophysical flows, 54, 76 fluid dynamics (GFD) , 84-86 motions, 60 turbulence, 65 GFD (geophysical fluid dynamics)

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From page 312...

... , 188-189, 206-212, 292 temperature, 292 Ion-ion collisions, 126 Ionization, 292 Ionization Front Accelerator, 102 Ionosphere, 4, 292 Irradiation, 292 Isotope, 292 separation, 114-116 separation research, 5 ISTP (International Solar-Terrestrial Physics Program) , 266, 275-276 J JET (Joint European Torus)

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From page 313...

... , 208, 209, 212 Luce diode, 102 M Macroscopic equilibrium, 122 instability, 294 Macrostability, 176, 181-183 Magnetic bottle, 150, 153, 294 confinement, 11-13, 20-23, 145, 150154, 294; see also Stellarator; Tokamak mirror, 151, 152 plasma theory developments related to, 120-124 principal findings and recommendations, 240-241 toroidal, 151, 152, 304 universities involved in, 34 field, 4 interaction of turbulence with, 259260 flux, 121 hills and wells, 122-123 insulation, 294 island, 294 mirror, 294 mirror confinement, 294-295 mirror field, 173 mirror systems, 172-185; see also Mirror entries pressure, 295 reconnection, 118-119, 252-254 storm, 265, 295 Magnetic Fusion Advisory Committee (MFAC) , 12 Magneto hydrodynamic atmospheres and winds, 248-249 instability, 181 jets, 257-259 Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)

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From page 314...

... , 46, 47 Natural gas, liquefied, 49 Navier-Stokes equations, 49, 88 Reynolds-averaged, 90, 91 Negative-ion beams, 296 Neoclassical, term, 296 Neodymium-glass laser, 226, 296 Neutral gas interaction with plasma, 263-264 injection, 296 plasma, 140-141 Neutral-beam heating, 21, 204, 216-221 Neutron, 132, 296 star, 27, 297 star magnetosphere, 257 NMFECC (National Magnetic Fusion Energy Computer Center) , 11, 240 NMR (nuclear-magnetic-resonance)

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From page 315...

... INDEX 3 15 Perfusion, lung, 83 Phase change, 74-76 Photon, 298 Physicochemical hydrodynamics, 58 Physics atomic, 127-128 flow, 9 fluid, see Fluid entries laser-coupling, 13 laser-target, 226-227 plasma, see Plasma, physics transport, 202 Physiological function, cellular, 31, 42 Pinch effect, 298 Pipe flows, 75 Pipelines, slurry, 87 Pitch angle, 298 scattering, 298 Planetary bow shocks, 27 magnetospheres, 249, 251-252, 256 rotation, 74 Plasma, 4, 95, 298 activity, time-resolved, 132-133 atomic processes in, 124-128 as blackbody, 132 central-cell, 180-181 classification of, 6-8 collisionless, 4, 286 confinement, 144-146, 298; see also Inertial, confinement; Magnetic, confinement corona, 111 coupling of laser light to, 228-231 cross section, 298 dense, 7 dense nonneutral, 10 diagnostics, 128-136 effects, 3 electromagnetic wave interaction with, 111-116 electron, 141-142 equilibrium, 298 erosion opening switch, 100 flows, large-scale, 256-259 flows, small-scale, 166 frequency, 298 fusion, see Fusion, plasma heating, 204-221 ideal classical, 7-8 instabilities, 153, 298 jet, 27 neutral, 140-141 neutral gas interaction with, 262-263 nonlinear phenomenain, 116-120 nonneutral, 20, 140-143, 297 one-component classical (OCP) , 136139 oscillations, 4, 245 parameters, 134 tokamak, 161, 162 physics applications of, 1-2 astrophysical, see Astrophysical plasma physics basic, 95 basic research, 10 emergence of, 3-6 funding for, 32-33 future research opportunities, 19-20 general, 10-11, 95-143 scope and objectives of, 95-97 general findings concerning, 1-2 magnetic confinement and, 120-124 modern, 4, 245 nonlinear, 2, 10, 96 Rayleigh-Taylor instability in, 26 recommendations, 2-3 research in, 33, 97 significant recent accomplishments, 18-19 solar-system, 14- 15, 266-267 space, see Space plasma physics strongly coupled, 136- 140, 302 in university curriculum, 279-281 plug, 181 quantum, 8 radiation, 298-299 space, 5-6 strongly coupled, 8, 19, 302 with superhigh-energy densities, 277 temperature, 6-7 tenuous, 6 toroidal, 161 wave, 299 Plasma-arc centrifuge, 142 Plug plasma, 181 Polarization, 299 Polarized nucleus, 236 Poloidal diverter, 299 field, 299

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From page 316...

... , 112 Rayleigh-Taylor instability, 26, 234-235 Reacting flows, 48-51 Reconnection, 26, 260, 300 forced, 119 magnetic, 118-119, 252-254 Refraction, 300 Relativistic magnetron, 109 particles, 301 "Reptation" theory, 53 Resistive instability, 301 magnetohydrodynamics, 123, 301 Resonance absorption, 111, 229 "Resonant transport" loss, 183-184 Resources, funding and manpower, 32, 33 Reversed-field pinch (REP) , 22, 190-195, 301 Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, 90, 91 rf, see Radio-frequency entries RFP (reversed-field pinch)

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From page 317...

... experiment, 188 Synchrotron radiation, 303 Systems models in next decade, 275-276 T Tailed radio galaxies, 252 Tandem mirror, 12, 303 concept, 21, 23 system, 174-185 Symmetric (STM) , 188 Target, 303 Tearing instability, 303 Tearing mode, 167, 168 Temperature, plasma, 6-7 Tenuous plasma, 6 Terrella, 303 Terrestrial radiation belts, 4 TFTR (Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor)

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From page 318...

... , 22, 195-204, 287 Torsatron, 304 Transmission line, 304 Transport fuel economy, 78 physics, 202 Trapped particles, 304 Traveling-wave tube, 107 Tritium, 146-150, 304 Triton, 304 Tsunamis, 68 Turbomachinery flows, 73 Turbulence, 30, 40, 62-66, 304 drift-wave, 124 geophysical, 65 interaction of, with magnetic fields, 259-260 Langmuir, 118 Turbulent buoyant convection, 66 flame, 50-51 flows, 28-29, 39 fluid motion, 2 relaxation to force-free states, 119- 120 Two-plasmon instability, 229 U Underground combustion, 49 University curriculum, plasma physics in, 279-281 Unsteady separated flows, 56 V Vacuum-plasma-arc centrifuge, 115 Velocity space instability, 305 Ventilation, lung, 83 Very-high-frequency radar backscatter, 270 Very-long-baseline-interferometry (VLBI) technique, 259 Viscosity-dominated flows, 57-60 Viscous fluid mechanics, 57-60 VLBI (very-long-baseline-interferometry)

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Index Pages 307-318

Index
Pages 307-318