Highway Maintenance Quality Assurance Final Report (1997) / Chapter Skim
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2 Results of Literature Review
2 Results of Literature Review
Pages 7-36
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From page 7... ...
1 _ _ libraries. Over 100 references were acquired from these sources, and another 50 or so references were obtained from various SHAs-consisting largely of agency performance standards, maintenance management and QA procedure documents, ~ ,.-~^ ~ ~_~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ J - J condition survey manuals, and pavement management reports.
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From page 8... ...
In general terms, an MMS administers the organization, planning, scheduling, budgeting, performance evaluation.' control, and reporting of highway maintenance activities (Greitzer, 1977~. An MMS specifically allows a maintenance manager to do Me following (O'Brien)
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From page 9... ...
Winter maintenance Stockpiling deicers and sand, plowing snow and ice, applying abrasives and chemicals, removing ice on stmchlres, and post-storm cleanup such as opening waterways and washing down equipment. · Maintenance of traffic control devices Repair and replacement of signs, directional markers, delineators, guardrails, crash attenuators, traffic signals, controllers, flashing signals; initial painting and repainting of pavement stripes and messages; and installation and replacement of raised pavement markers.
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From page 10... ...
Overhead activities are also included in the list so that work programs and budgets will be inclusive. Research has shown Cat these major categories include more Man 100 individual work activities performed by highway maintenance crews.
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From page 11... ...
from past performance records or the experience of maintenance personnel (Miller, 1989~. Work Programs As a first step in the planning process, the agency must develop an annual work program Hat defines the maintenance objectives.
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Unit costs for each maintenance activity, combined win We projected amount of each work activity from the annual work programs, allows for the creation of a performance budget. Work Calenders The second step in Me maintenance planning process is Me creation of an annual work calendar.
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From page 13... ...
Regular updating of maintenancefeatures inventory allows an accurate accounting of the quantity and status of all maintainable elements throughout the State. This inventor' is open the ma jor input for annual work programs and ~, - ~, , In addition to updating the maintenance features, the constant monitoring of the resources used (labor, material, equipment)
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From page 14... ...
· Improved work program development and adjus~anents. AD of these unprovements ultimately result in cost savings, improved LOS, and an overall improvement in the quality of service provided by the agency.
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From page 15... ...
Most current systems estimate maintenance needs on historical average quantity standards, whereas they could more effectively be based on condition survey data (Sinha et al., 1990~. Expert systems Many MMS's currently use knowledge-based expert systems to translate assessed road conditions Into estimated work loads.
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From page 16... ...
BMS A database of bridge characteristics including type, size, location, and conditions of aD maintainable features. Bridge condition surveys are used in conjunction with performance standards to communicate bridge conditions and recommend repair procedures (O'Brien, 1989~.
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From page 17... ...
Cat uses digitized maps of maintenance areas and section boundaries (Day and Martin, 1990~. Finally, many agencies are now identifying roadway feature locations using global positioning systems (GPS)
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From page 18... ...
A comprehensive study of new technologies was presented in NCHRP Report 363 (Markow et al., 1994~. This report described He advantages of incorporating new tethnolo~es as follows: New data collection technologies enable more accurate and objective infonnahon to be gathered, olden at a lower cost and greater speed.
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From page 19... ...
Maintenance Features _ _ _ GIS I_ Corporate Database InspechonlCondidon/Levelot Service / Traffic, Safety/Budget/Cost Data Physical Assets Capital/Maintenance Tradeoffs with Lifer, cle and User Cost Analysis ~ phi-inning. Ah-~ 1 _ Maintenance Semces T radeoff Analysis bevel of Service firs.
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o s~ ·= ho em I' , X 0 5 ~ 5 -A · · · ~ · ~ ·~ ·= ¢ ~, o }= of o en . o :^ ~4 o o En c ..= Id c of e A i eat 5 gain · ~· · ~ o In ·= u ~ =¢ a)
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From page 21... ...
GPS technology would allow maintenance crews to more accurately determine the location of roadway features and performed maintenance work. GPS systems could interact win GIS systems to provide accurate roadway inventory maps.
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From page 22... ...
Field data entry devices customized for recording, reporting, and transmitting daily work accomplishments would provide immediate feedback to Me MMS (Hymen and Alfelor, 1993~. Inventory management could also be unproved using Me new technologies listed above.
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From page 23... ...
Portables Acted Data Entry Textual my _ ~ ~RS232 ~ ~ . ~ a~ ~ l ~(Sign Warehouse)
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QC at these Free levels is described in more detail below. The main purpose of QC is to ensure Mat Me established procedures for a given work activity are being followed, so as to control Me level of quality produced in the end product.
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From page 25... ...
QC activities are specified steps [alien dunug construction or maintenance to control the quality of materials and workmanship. QC at the Project and Network Levels At the project level, an "established quality requirement" represents all of Me individual work activity LOS conditions for Mat entire section of roadway (~is may be determined by a quality evaluation, described under Me section "QA"~.
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From page 26... ...
of transportation, the [enn "QA" is generaZZy associated with a comprehensive program to achieve conformance with established desired quality levels for design and construction. This program involves people, materials, equipment, procedures, and the optimal use of these resources.
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From page 27... ...
These evaluations are conducted by central office, district, and county personnel. Formal QA checklists are used to evaluate management and work activities by applying numerical ratings to the Individual steps making up a work activity.
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From page 28... ...
This overall quality may be determined by a process Cat directly considers Me evaluated quality levels of each district. The analyses of quality at the project and district levels provide feedback that the central agency may use to update QA procedures or quality, performance, and quantity standards as part of its continuous quality improvement (CQ1)
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From page 29... ...
Although most of Weir philosophies were developed win industry In mind, many are considered to have potential application in highway maintenance. Presented in table 2 are Me philosophies and concepts espoused by Deming, Juran' and Crosby.
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From page 30... ...
c~ so · co · o In a; ho 'e 'e cn o a ct ·~ hi I , ,, i, 6 .
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From page 31... ...
Formal surveys typically Include customer complaint letters/calls, customer ~ank-you letters, day-to-day conversations with customers, and surveys at roadside welcome and tourist booths (Stein-Hudson et al., 1995~. Customer panels methods of "obtaining opinions and guidance from either Individuals or representatives of customer groups" (Stein-Hudson et al., 1995~.
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. The most important concern when dealing wad informal feedback Is making sure Mat customer comments or suggestions get recorded and "funneled" up through the chain of command (Ste~n-Hudson et al., 1995~.
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From page 33... ...
SO concepts are discussed in furler detail below.
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From page 34... ...
Improved communication For the CQl philosophy to be employed, good communication must be achieved. ~ highway maintenance, this requires good communication between all transportation personnel from design engineers, to maintenance personnel, to QA personnel, to Me people answering We phones taking customer complains.
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From page 35... ...
Gain sharing versus profit sharing-some companies reward employees win a percentage of the share of cost savings or profits from incurred from quality management efforts. Gain sharing gives only Me specific teams that make improvement suggestions a percentage of the resulting cost savings.
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From page 36... ...
These included various topics, such as MMS development; current structures and components; quality, performance, and quantity standards; recommended improvements; integration win other management systems; new technologies to be incorporated; and specific examples of anyplace MMS's. A fair number of articles and reports were related to quality programs.
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