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From page 323... ... , 213 colorectal cancer, 58, 122-123 diet, 112-113, 121-122, 283 genetic research, 149-150, 166, 189 historically black colleges and universities, 135-136, 149, 153, 164, 165-166, 286, 288 human T-cell lymphotrophic virus, 114, 116 journal articles on, 224, 226-227, 239, 240-241 lung cancer, 52, 53, 115, 122-123 men, 1, 52, 53, 58, 109, 112, 163, 188, 197-198, 203, 206, 300-313 mortality, 1, 24, 28, 29, 30, 53, 58, 69, 72-73, 91, 129, 142, 163, 166, 252, 253, 300-313 pancreatic cancer, 118, 301, 309 patient education, 128 poor, 43, 49, 71-72, 91, 123 preventive measures, general, 18, 118-119, 136, 142, 207-211 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 324... ... 324 prostate cancer, 53, 69, 109, 111-113, 115, 122, 197-198, 201, 224, 305, 312 public education, 18, 128, 129, 142 research involvement by professionals, 132, 134, 145, 156, 166, 172 rural areas, 9, 48-49, 53, 78, 113, 143 144 smoking, 29-30, 118-119, 120 surveillance, 3, 74, 109, 111-113, 115 118 (passim) , 126, 128-129, 143 146, 149 SEER, 9, 24, 47, 48-49, 53, 58, 59, 60, 78, 82, 108, 111-112, 206, 210 survivorship, 57, 59, 82, 91, 111, 129, 142 urban areas, 49, 119, 129 women, 1, 14, 28, 30, 69, 112, 115, 116, 123, 126, 128-129, 163-164, 165, 201, 204, 205, 206, 210, 215, 250, 300-313 Aged persons, see Elderly persons Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, 115 Agricultural workers, 114, 117, 143-144 AIDS, 113-114, 116, 146 funding, 97, 99, 101, 102-103, 145 Alaska Natives, see American Indians/ Alaska Natives Alcohol consumption, 116-117 Alternative therapies, see Natural remedies American Anthropological Association, 34, 83 American Cancer Society, 28, 40, 59, 60, 80, 120, 193, 194, 225, 240 American College of Surgeons, 59, 80 American Digestive Health Foundation, 117 American Indians/Alaska Natives, 19, 24, 123, 128, 130-131 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, 73 cancer incidence, 52, 61-62, 64, 65, 66 67, 113 cancer sites, various, 61-64, 66-67, 68, 109, 113, 114, 123 cervical and uterine cancer, 53, 54, 56, 57, 67, 303, 310 classification of, 3, 9, 34, 36, 44, 65, 82 clinical trials, recruitment, 124, 194 195, 199, 201, 204, 208-209 defined, 36 diet, 119, 284 INDEX Indian Health Service, 64, 65, 112, 113, 199 journal articles on, 224-225, 226-227, 239, 240-241 leadership initiative, 24 mammography, 75, 76 men, 62-64, 65, 66, 300-313 mortality, 61, 62-64, 252-254, 300-313 poor, 43, 71-72 preventive measures, 61, 111, 119, 121, 130-131, 142, 208-209 public education, 121, 128, 129, 130131, 216, 284 regional factors, 64, 65 research by and professional training for, 131, 132, 134, 156, 172 screening, 75, 76, 123, 128 smoking, 29-30, 119 surveillance, 61-64, 69, 74, 75, 111, 112, 113, 131 SEER, 9, 49, 52, 61-64, 65, 79, 107108, 201 survival rates, 2, 61, 68, 88 women, 62-63, 64, 65, 67, 75, 204, 205, 300-313 American Stop Smoking Intervention Study, 120 Appalachia, 2, 9, 20, 24, 48, 52, 53, 61, 78, 128, 130, 155, 160, 165, 281 Appalachian Leadership Institute, 20, 24, 128, 130, 155, 160, 281 Asians/Pacific Islanders, 89, 114, 116, 117, 118, 189 cancer incidence, 1, 3, 53, 54, 60 cancer sites, 12, 55-56, 57, 116-117 Chinese, 49, 50, 52, 54-57, 83, 89, 107, 108, 116, 117, 123, 163 classification of, 34, 36, 44, 82, 83, 168 clinical trials, recruitment, 122, 123, 124, 196, 197, 201, 204, 208-209, 210 hepatitis and liver cancer, 12 journal articles on, 224, 226-227, 239, 240-241 leadership initiative, 131 mortality, 28, 55-56, 60, 253, 296, 300-313 poor, 43, 71-72 prevention, 120, 121 professional education, 132 researchers, 131, 132, 156, 171, 172 smoking, 30, 120, 197 surveillance, 60, 110 SEER, 49, 53, 60, 79, 107, 201 Read the entire page →
From page 325... ... INDEX survivorship, 57, 111 Vietnamese, 30, 123 women, 1, 28, 75-76, 116, 129, 164 Attitudes, 110, 128-129 fatalism, 14-15, 164, 196, 197-198, 240, 243 mistrust of research community, 188-189, 191, 195, 198, 210, 211-212, 229 poor persons, 41-42 research recommendations, 4, 7 survivors of cancer, 231, 240, 243, 244 see also Cultural factors Behavioral risk factors, 15, 70, 73, 85, 282 alcohol consumption, 116-117 "ethnic group" defined, 8-9 genetic vs. 4, 8, 44, 82-84, 85, 86, 89, 92 NCI programs, 5, 6, 10, 89-90, 110-111, 115, 151-153, 176 NIH, general, 15 poor persons, 40 see also Attitudes; Cultural factors; Diet and nutrition; Smoking; Social factors Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, 73 Black Leadership Initiative on Cancer, 18, 24, 128, 129, 160 Blacks, see African Americans Black/White Cancer Survival Study, 111 Bladder cancer, 26, 124 Breast cancer, 19, 25, 164 African Americans, 1, 14, 28, 30, 57, 69, 72-73, 111, 112, 115, 116, 119, 126, 128-129, 163-164, 165, 201, 204, 215, 224, 302, 308 attitudes about, 128-129 clinical trials, 14, 30, 122, 124, 164, 165, 204, 208, 210 funding, 97, 99 genetics of, 85-86 Hispanics, 30, 69, 75, 76, 126, 164, 250, 302, 303, 308, 310 mortality, 1, 28-29, 56, 72-73, 250, 302, 308 prevention, 26, 30, 122 research, 54, 57, 62, 65, 67, 109, 111, 113, 115-116 screening, 219; see also Mammography survivorship, 231, 234, 240 tamoxifen, 14, 30, 122, 208, 210 treatment, 14, 30, 122, 208, 218 325 Breast Cancer Prevention Trial, 30, 122, 193 Breast Cancer Resource Committee, 163164 Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium, 81, 109, 122 Bronchial cancer, 52, 54-57, 60, 61, 66-67, 300, 307 Brownfields National Partnership Action Agenda, 144 Bureau of the Census, 110, 200, 252 Cancer Control Review Group, 78, 84-85 Cancer Cooperative Group Trials, 32, 105, 106, 124, 125, 192, 193, 197, 200206 Cancer Facts &: Figures, 225 Cancer Incidence and Mortality, 1973-1995: A Report Card for the United States, 60 Cancer Information Service, 107, 127-128, 222-224, 238 CANCERLIT, 127, 225 CancerNet, 127 Cancer Prevention Awareness Program, 18 Cancer registries, 249-250 state, 4, 58-60, 64, 68, 79-80, 81 see also Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program Cancer Survivorship Studies in Established Epidemiologic Cohorts, 235 Case-control studies, 109, 115, 116, 117, 118 Center for Scientific Review, 100 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3, 28, 35, 60, 110, 208 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey, 73 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 73-74, 110 National Health Interview Survey, 110, 233, 244-245 state tumor registries, 58-60, 80 Cervical and uterine cancer, 50, 54, 56, 57, 60, 62, 116, 129, 152, 250, 303, 310 African Americans, 29, 53, 54, 56, 57, 116, 119, 123, 250, 303, 310 American Indians, 53, 54, 56, 57, 67, 303, 310 funding, 97, 99 Hispanics, 29, 30, 53, 54, 56, 57, 75, 76, 116, 164, 303, 310 Read the entire page →
From page 326... ... , 208-210 (passim) informed consent, 7, 14, 188-189, 192, 196, 198-199, 212, 229 insurance financing, 195, 211, 229 literacy issues, 191, 192, 199, 214 men, 188, 197-198, 203, 204-205, 206 INDEX minority group recruitment, 123, 124125, 128, 192-194, 202, 206-214; see also specific groups supra mistrust of research community, 188-189, 191, 195, 198, 210, 211-212, 229 NIH policy, 187, 190-191, 211, 279 PLCO Cancer Screening Trial, 115, 122-123, 137, 193, 208, 213 poor persons, 112, 124, 189, 195, 211, 214 preventive interventions, 7, 14, 206, 207-211 professional education and, 213-214 recruitment and retention of minorities, 2, 7, 14, 19, 21, 98, 101-102, 112, 123, 124-125, 128, 146-147, 164, 165, 177-178, 187214, 225-226, 228-229 costs of, 190, 191, 195, 198, 199, 211, 229 NCI efforts, 123, 124-125, 128, 192 194, 202, 206-214, 225-226, 228 229, 279 proportional representation, general, 193, 199-200 survivors of cancer, 196, 197-198 rural areas, 7, 124, 188, 214, 229 socioeconomic status, 190, 229 survivors of cancer, recruitment, 196, 197-198 urban areas, 7, 189, 197-198, 207, 229 women, 19, 112, 177, 178, 190, 191, 199, 200, 203, 204-205, 210 Clinical Trials Cooperative Group program, 106, 192, 193 Cohort studies, 109 Colorectal cancer, 29, 52, 54-57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 66-67, 117-118, 250, 302, 308 African Americans, 58, 122-123 clinical trials, 201, 204, 208 funding, 97, 99 screening, 115, 122-123, 137, 193, 208, 213, 218 Community-based programs, 17, 73, 103107 (passim) Read the entire page →
From page 327... ... , 213, 216, 230, 233 researchers' understanding of, 7, 10-11, 89-90, 194-199 survey instruments, 75, 110 survivors of cancer, 168, 233, 240-242 see also Attitudes; Language factors; Social factors Current Population Survey, 110 Databases, 4, 9, 111, 127, 214, 225, 250, 280 CANCERLIT, 127, 225 clinical trials, 191 Internet, 127, 235, 294 MEDLINE, 214 PDQ, 127, 128, 225 see also Cancer registries; Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program Data collection and surveillance, 3-4, 33-92 African Americans, 3, 74, 109, 111-113, 115-118 (passim) , 126, 128-129, 143-146, 149 327 classification of African Americans, 3, 36, 82, 248 SEER, 9, 24, 47, 48-49, 53, 58, 59, 60, 78, 82, 108, 111-112, 206, 210 American Indians/Alaska Natives, 61 64, 69, 74, 75, 111, 112, 113, 131 classification of American Indians, 3, 9, 34, 36, 44, 65, 82 Indian Health Service, 64, 65, 112, 113 SEER, 9, 49, 52, 61-64, 65, 79, 107108, 201 annual reporting, 4, 92 Asians/Pacific Islanders, 60, 110 SEER, 49, 53, 60, 79, 107, 201 classification of, minority groups, 3, 8-9, 33-38, 44, 49-50, 65, 77, 82, 83, 196, 248-249, 254, 260 cultural factors in survey instruments, 75, 110 Hispanics, 74, 82, 90, 110, 114, 216 classification of Hispanics, 34, 36, 83, 196, 249, 254 SEER, 9, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 60, 7879, 107, 108, 111-112, 206, 210 "medically underserved" defined, 38-39 National Center for Health Statistics, 28, 46, 58, 60, 80, 108, 109, 250, 251-254 National Coordinating Council for Cancer Surveillance, 8, 80 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 73-74, 110 National Health Interview Survey, 40, 74-75, 110, 233, 244-245 National Medical Expenditure Survey, 75 National Survey of Family Growth, 75-76 NCI, 3-4, 35, 78, 81, 107-112, 279 "special populations" defined, 4, 44-45, 80, 91, 162, 287 special studies by independent researchers, 65-70 survivorship, 111-112, 129, 142, 244 see also Cancer registries; Clinical trials; Monitoring and reporting; Research; Research recommendations; Statistical analyses; Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program Read the entire page →
From page 328... ... 328 Department of Agriculture, 110 Department of Defense, 3, 125, 166 Department of Health and Human Services, 51, 216 see also National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; other DHHS agencies Department of Veterans Affairs, 3, 109, 117-118, 166 Detroit Education and Early Detection program, 197-198 Diagnosis, see Mammography; Pap smears; Screening Diet and nutrition, 70, 110, 112-113, 115, 116, 117, 118, 120-122, 283-284 African Americans, 112-113, 121-122, 283 historical perspectives, 26, 30 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 73-74, 110 poor persons, 40, 42 research recommendations, 4, 89, 92 Director's Consumer Liaison Group, 169, 170-171, 172, 185, 235, 237, 243 Division of Cancer Control and Population Science, 84, 88-89, 90, 108, 110, 111, 112, 152 Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, 108, 112, 113, 115-116 Division of Cancer Prevention, 104, 114, 115 Division of Clinical Sciences, 124 Drew-Meharry-Morehouse Consortium Cancer Center, 24 Economic factors, see Cost and costbenefit factors; Funding; Health insurance; Income; Poverty; Socioeconomic status Educational attainment, 39, 41, 42, 69, 75, 109, 111-112, 176 clinical trial representation, 205-206, 209 Education and training, see Patient education; Professional education; Public education Elderly persons, 115, 136, 254 African Americans, 123 breast cancer, 111 clinical trials, 196, 201, 205, 212 Medicare, 109, 115, 196, 211, 220 Employment and unemployment, 39, 42, 69 occupational risk factors, 24, 47, 69, 109, 114 INDEX Environmental exposure brownfields, 144 environmental justice, 142-143, 168 genetic factors vs. 85, 86 historical perspectives, 23-24, 26 occupational, 24, 47, 69, 109, 114 pesticides, 113, 117, 143-144 poor persons, 142-143, 168 research, general, 4, 113-118, 143, 144, 165, 168 Superfund sites, 144 see also Smoking Environmental justice, 142-143, 168 Environmental Protection Agency, 117, 143 Esophageal cancer, 26, 113, 117 Ethnic groups, see Minority groups Etiology, see Risk factors Families of cancer patients, 25, 90, 93, 107, 114, 119, 121, 128, 196, 212, 230 Farm workers, see Agricultural workers Federal government role, see Funding; Legislation; specific departments and agencies Females, see women Finasteride, 122, 208 Food and Drug Administration, 192 Funding, 9, 20, 94-103, 108, 129 AIDS, 97, 99, 101, 102-103, 145 clinical trials, 7, 14, 97, 99, 101, 125, 189, 190, 191, 193, 195, 198, 199, 211, 229 evaluation of research, 6 grant writing, 168 Health Care Financing Administration, 7, 109, 115, 229 historical perspectives, 17, 20, 21, 23 minority recruitment, 19, 20, 21 NCI, 7, 9-10, 12-13, 17, 94-97, 99, 108, 109-110, 134-142, 152 NIH, 10, 94-103, 137, 140-142, 145, 146, 148-149, 151, 211, 246-247 ORMH, 98, 100, 101-103, 150 percent relevancy accounting, 10, 129, 139, 140-141, 152 prevention, 94-95, 99, 102 prioritizing research, 103, 154-169, 174 186 professional education, 6, 10, 19, 20, 21, 94-96, 101-102, 106, 131-134, 146-147 reporting, 246-247 Read the entire page →
From page 329... ... public education, 14, 20, 127-130, 136 research professionals, 132, 134, 147, 162 screening, 75, 76, 122 smoking, 29-30, 119 surveillance, 74, 82, 90, 110, 114, 216 SEER, 9, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 60, 78 79, 107, 108, 111-112, 206, 210 survivorship, 57, 68, 240-241 uninsured, 43 women, 75, 89, 210, 300-313 see also Mexican Americans Historical perspectives, viii, 16-32 black educational institutions, 135-136, 149, 153, 164, 165-166, 286, 288 clinical trials, 90, 188-189, 190 data collection categories, 3, 8, 33-34 funding, 17, 20, 21, 23 genetic factors, 23, 25, 189 lung cancer, 16, 26, 27 mortality rates, 16, 26, 27, 28 National Cancer Program, 18-22 NCI, 16, 17, 19-22, 23, 27-32, 93-103 ORMH, 19-20, 97-98 preventive interventions, 18, 24-25, 26 27 professional education, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 93-94 public education, 16, 20, 27 smoking, 18, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29-30, 31 special populations, 21-22, 24, 27 treatment, 26, 27 see also Projections Human Genome Project, 87, 88 Read the entire page →
From page 330... ... 330 Human papillomavirus, 114, 116 Human T-cell lymphotrophic virus, l 14,116 Illiteracy, see Literacy Incidence rates, 60, 85 African Americans, 1, 52, 53, 60, 91, 111-113 (passim) , 116-118, 142, 166, 200, 201 American Indians/Alaska Natives, 52, 61-62, 64, 65, 66-67, 113 Asians/Pacific Islanders, 1, 3, 53, 54, 60 clinical trial representation, 200, 201, 207, 208, 209-210 Hispanics, 1, 28, 44, 52, 53, 60, 116, 200, 201 methodological difficulties, 46, 77-78 minorities, general, 1, 44, 52-53, 54, 6061, 76-77, 116, 150-151, 173, 174, 246-247, 250, 255; see also specific groups supra NIH monitoring, 15, 150-151 NIH reporting, 8, 9, 246-247, 260 poor persons, 2, 40, 52 reporting, 8, 9, 246-247, 250, 255, 260 SEER, 9, 46, 50, 52-53, 54, 58, 255 "special populations" defined, 45 Income, 69, 109, 111-112 see also Poverty Indian Health Service, 64, 65, 112, 113, 199 Information dissemination, see Patient education; Professional education; Public education Informed consent, 7, 14, 188-189, 192, 196, 198-199, 212, 229 Insurance, see Health insurance Intercultural Cancer Council, 29, 281 International Cancer Information Center, 107, 127 Internet, 127, 235, 294 Investigator-initiated, 94, 105, 137, 147, 181, 183, 185, 186, 234, 257 Kidney cancer, 61, 62, 63, 304, 311 Language factors, 10-11, 14, 110, 125, 164, 192, 196, 213, 216, 240-241, 284 see also Literacy Legislation historical perspectives, 16-17 National Cancer Act, vii, 17, 18, 93 National Cancer Institute Act, vii, 16, 18 National Health Planning Resources Act, 17 INDEX NIH Revitalization Act, 19, 25, 97-98, 177, 190, 191 Public Health Service Act, 17 Leukemia, 114, 201, 205 Life expectancy, 16 see also Survivorship and survival rates Lifestyle risk factors, see Behavioral risk factors Literacy, 44, 125, 165 clinical trials, 191, 192, 199, 214 research, understanding of, 7 Liver cancer, 62, 306, 313 funding, 97, 99 hepatitis and, 12 Low-income persons, see Poverty Lung cancer, 57, 115, 124, 201 African Americans, 52, 53, 115, 122-123 funding, 97 historical perspective, 16, 26, 27 incidence, 52, 54, 60, 61-62, 66-67, 250 mortality rates, 27, 31, 55, 56, 63, 300, 307 PLCO Cancer Screening Trial, 115, 122-123, 137, 193, 208, 213 poor persons, 2 screening, 122-123 women, 50, 56 see also Smoking Lymphoma, 114, 116, 124 Mammography, 26, 28-29, 30, 70, 75, 81, 89, 109, 111, 113, 119, 129, 164, 215, 217, 219, 254, 256, 284 poor persons, 40 Managed care, 168-169, 211 health maintenance organizations, 115, 169 Mapping by Admixture Lineage Disequilibrium, 126 Measuring the Progress Against Cancer, 31 Media campaigns, 121, 128, 222 Medicaid, 211, 217-218 Medical services, see access to care; Health insurance; Treatment Medicare, 109, 115, 196, 211, 220 MEDLINE, 214 Men, 2, 64, 252 African Americans, 1, 52, 53, 58, 109, 112, 163, 188, 197-198, 203, 206, 300-313 American Indians/Alaska Natives, 6264, 65, 66, 300-313 Read the entire page →
From page 331... ... INDEX clinical trials, 188, 197-198, 203, 204205, 206 statistics by race/ethnicity and cancer site, 55, 253, 300-313 see also Gender differences; Prostate cancer Mentored Career Development Awards, 133 Mentored Research Scientist Development Award, 133-134 Metropolitan areas, see Urban areas Mexican Americans, 1, 34, 38, 42, 43, 44, 49, 69, 89, 102, 108, 109, 111, 112, 164, 224, 227, 239, 247 Minority-Based Community Clinical Oncology Programs, 106, 124125, 192, 206-207, 210 Minority Access to Research Careers Summer Research Training Program, 133 Minority Adolescent HIV Prevention and Treatment Project, 101, 102-103 Minority groups, general, 53 advisory bodies, 11, 12, 100, 103, 156, 158-159, 166, 169-173, 174, 184, 185, 186 classification of, 3, 8, 33-38, 44, 49-50, 77, 82-84, 248-249, 260 clinical trials, recruitment, 123, 124 125, 128, 192-194, 202, 206-214 costs of, 190, 191, 195, 198, 199, 211, 229 NCI efforts, 123, 124-125, 128, 192 194, 202, 206-214, 225-226, 228 229, 279 proportional representation, general, 193, 199-200 data collection and surveillance, 3-4, 35, 78, 81, 107-112; other than SEER, 58-78, 107-112 SEER, 46-69, 107-108, 109, 111-112 geographic distribution of cancers, 108 109 historical perspectives, 18-32 incidence, 1, 44, 52-53, 54, 60-61, 76-77, 116, 150-151, 173, 174, 246-247, 250, 255 journal articles on, 224-225, 226-227, 239, 240-241, 294 mortality, 1, 16, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 44, 52-53, 54, 55, 60-61, 76-77, 116, 150-151, 173, 174, 246-247, 250, 252-255, 296-313 331 NCI research review, viii, 2-3, 9-16, 2332, 89-92, 93-97, 104-126, 135-141; see also "data collection ... " supra NIH research review, other than NCI, 96-104, 141-150 poverty and, 42-44, 71-72, 123, 165 prioritizing research, 103, 154-169, 174186 professional education, representation and recruitment, 6, 11, 19, 20, 21, 22, 101-102, 131-135, 143, 145, 146-147, 153, 159-160, 285-286 reporting, 15, 228, 246-247 smoking, 29-30, 110, 118-119 survivorship, 1-2, 4, 7-8, 9, 15, 46, 50, 51, 53, 57, 58, 65, 68-69, 72, 8182, 104, 110, 111, 128, 130, 131, 154, 162, 167-168, 198, 234-245 see also Cultural factors; Office of Research on Minority Health; Special populations; specific groups Minority Health Initiative project, 5, 100101, 104, 151 Minority Oncology Leadership Academic Award, 133 Mississippi Delta Project, 144 Monitoring and reporting, 228, 246-260 accountability, 8, 138 incidence, general, 8, 9, 246-247, 250, 255, 260 mortality, general, 250-255, 256, 257 258, 260 NCI role, 246, 248, 249, 257-258, 260 NIH, 8, 15, 228, 246-247, 257, 260 annual reports on research, viii, 4, 92, 138 preventive interventions, 251, 258, 260 racial/ethnic classifications, 3, 8-9, 33 38,44,49-50,65,77,82,83, 196, 248-249, 254, 260 treatments, 251, 255-256, 258, 260 see also Data collection and surveillance Morbidity rates, 1, 215 cervical cancer, 208 special populations defined, 45 see also Quality of life Mortality rates, 208 African Americans, 1, 24, 28, 29, 30, 53, 58, 69, 72-73, 91, 129, 142, 163, 166, 252, 253, 300-313 American Indians/Alaska Natives, 61, 62-64, 252-254, 300-313 Read the entire page →
From page 332... ... 332 Asians/Pacific Islanders, 28, 55-56, 60, 253, 296, 300-313 breast cancer, 1, 28-29, 56, 72-73, 250, 302, 308 general population, 1, 16, 28, 29, 45, 55, 58 Hispanics, 29, 44, 253, 254, 300-313 historical perspectives, 16, 26, 27, 28 methodology, 296-299 minorities, general, 1, 16, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 44, 52-53, 54, 55, 60-61, 76-77, 116, 150-151, 173, 174, 246-247, 250, 252-255, 296-313 NIH, 8, 15, 150-151 oral cancer, 30 poor persons, general, 2, 24, 32 poverty and, 2, 24, 32 reporting, 250-255, 256, 257-258, 260 SEER, 9, 46, 50-51, 53, 55, 58, 60-61 smoking and, 26, 28 "special populations" defined, 45 see also Life expectancy; Survivorship and survival rates Multiethnic/Minority Cohort Study, 112113 Myeloma, 113, 118 Nasopharyngeal cancer, 63, 116, 305, 312 National Association of Central Cancer Registries, 79-80 National Black Leadership Initiative on Cancer, 18, 24, 128, 129, 160 National Cancer Act, vii, 17, 18, 93 National Cancer Advisory Board, 17, 18, 174, 194 National Cancer Institute (NCI) , vii, viii, 2-3 accountability, 7, 129, 134, 138-140, 140-141, 152, 174 advisory bodies, 6, 11, 12, 100, 103, 156, 158-159, 166, 169-174, 184, 185, 186 behavioral research, 5, 6, 10, 89-90, 110111, 115, 151-153, 176 cancer centers, 31, 105-106, 193 clinical practice guidelines, 216, 218 clinical trials, minority recruitment, 123, 124-125, 128, 192-194, 202, 206-214, 225-226, 228-229, 279 data collection and surveillance, 3-4, 35, 78, 81, 107-112, 279; see also Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program INDEX environmental exposure, 113-118, 168 extramural research, 104, 105-107, 136 137 funding, 7, 9-10, 12-13, 17, 94-97, 99, 108, 109-110, 134-142, 152; see also "prioritizing research" infra historical perspectives, 16, 17, 19-22, 23, 27-32, 93-103 intra-agency coordination, 9-10, 97, 174 mission, 93-94, 175-177, 179 poor persons, 42, 44 preventive interventions, 24-25, 30, 93, 118-124, 126 prioritizing research, 2, 5, 12-13, 172 186, 278 professional education, 10, 19, 20, 21, 22, 93-96, 101-102, 104-105, 106, 107, 131-135, 215, 279-280 Cancer Information Service, 107, 127-128, 222-224, 238 public information and outreach, 1415, 93, 94, 107, 127-131, 215, 283284 reporting by, 246, 248, 249, 257-258, 260 research review, viii, 2-3, 9-16, 23-32, 8992, 93-97, 104-126, 278 social factors, general, 5, 6, 10-11, 151152 Special Action Committee, 12 special populations, 44-45 survivorship efforts, 15, 110, 111, 128, 130, 131, 234-235, 237-239, 243245, 280, 293-294 see also subordinate units National Cancer Institute Act, vii, 16, 18 National Cancer Plan, 3 National Cancer Program, 3, 17 historical highlights, 18-22 National Cancer Registrars Association, 59, 80 National Center for Health Statistics, 28, 46, 58, 60, 80, 108, 109, 250, 251254 National Coalition of Cancer Survivorship, 233-234 National Coalition of Hispanic Health and Human Service Organizations, 130 National Comprehensive Cancer Network, 221 National Conference on the Recruitment and Retention of Minority Read the entire page →
From page 333... ... , 97-104, 117, 125, 147, 151, 192 funding, 98, 100, 101-103, 150 historical perspectives, 19-20, 97-98 research prioritizing, 169-170 research recommendations, 5, 12-13, 103-104 Office of Research on Women's Health, 19, 193, 194 Office of Special Populations Research, 6, 13, 132, 153, 169, 170, 174, 184, 186 Read the entire page →
From page 334... ... historical perspectives, 18, 24-25, 26-27 NCI role, 24-25, 30, 93, 118-124, 126 poor persons, 40, 142 reporting on, 251, 258, 260 SEER, 50, 51 smoking, 118-120, 161, 197, 254 see also Public education; Risk factors; S creenlng Preventive Services Task Force, 216 Professional education, 6, 214-229 clinical practice guidelines, 214, 216, 217-222, 224, 228, 233-234 clinical trials, 213-214 community-based providers, 31, 187, 197, 198, 217-219 databases, 127, 128, 191, 214, 225 environmental exposures, 143 funding, 6, 10, 19, 20, 21, 94-96, 101102, 106, 131-134, 146-147 historical perspective, 16, 19, 20, 21, 22, 93-94 journals, 219, 224-225, 226-227, 235, 238-239, 240-241 minority representation, 6, 11, 19, 20, 21, 22, 101-102, 131-135, 143, 145, 146-147, 153, 159-160, 285-286 NCI efforts, 10, 19, 20, 21, 22, 93-96, 101-102, 104-105, 106, 107, 131135, 215, 279-280 Cancer Information Service, 107, 127-128, 222-224, 238 NIH efforts, not NCI, 11, 132, 153, 159160, 279-280 regional medical programs, 17 SEER, 47 Read the entire page →
From page 335... ... , 213, 216, 230, 233 quality of life, 233 Reporting, see Monitoring and reporting Research, past and present, viii, 17, 226 229 advisory bodies, 11, 12, 100, 103, 156, 158-159, 166, 169-174, 184, 185, 186 case-control studies, 109, 115, 116, 117, 118 cultural factors, individual researchers' understanding of, 7, 10-11, 89-90, 194-199 dissemination of, 2-3, 13, 17, 24, 27, 107, 129, 187, 214-229; see also Patient education; Professional education; Public education environmental exposure, general, 4, 143, 113-118, 144, 165, 168 funding, general, 7, 9-10, 12-13, 17, 94 95, 134-142, 145, 146, 148-149, 161 historical summary, 18-32 investigator-initiated, 94, 105, 137, 147, 181, 183, 185, 186, 234, 257 minority involvement, 20, 106, 133-139, 146-148, 149, 150, 153, 161-162, 169-174, 186, 194, 198, 257, 260 African-American educational institutions, 135-136, 149, 153, 164, 165-166, 286, 288 African Americans, 132, 134, 145, 156, 166, 172 American Indians, 131, 132, 134, 156, 172 Asians/Pacific Islanders, 131, 132, 156, 171, 172 Hispanics, 132, 134, 147, 162 NCI review, viii, 2-3, 9-16, 23-32, 89-92, 93-97, 104-126, 278 NIH review, not NCI, viii, 2-3, 9-16, 93153, 278-279 Read the entire page →
From page 336... ... . see also minority group recruitment under "Clinical trials" Science Enrichment Program, 132-133 Screening, 25-26, 28-29, 68, 69, 70, 72-75, 81, 85, 109, 110, 122-126, 128, 219, 242, 251, 282 clinical practice guidelines, 217-218, 219 followup services, 167 PLCO Cancer Screening Trial, 115, 122-123, 137, 193, 208, 213 see also Mammography; Pap smears; Risk factors SEER, see Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program Setting Research Priorities at the National Institutes of Health, 179 Small business grants, 136 Smoking, 70, 110, 116, 118, 161 African Americans, 29-30, 118-119, 120 American Indians, 29-30, 119 Asians/Pacific Islanders, 30, 120, 197 Hispanics, 29-30, 119 historical perspectives, 18, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29-30, 31 minorities, general, 29-30, 110, 118-119 mortality and, 26, 28 poverty and, 119-120 preventive interventions, 118-120, 161, 197, 254 secondhand, 26 women, 50 Social factors, 42 data collection categories, 3, 8, 82 environmental justice, 142-143 NCI program, 5, 6, 10-11, 151-152 SEER, 46, 47, 79 survivorship, 231, 243 see also Cultural factors; Families of cancer patients Socioeconomic status, 39-44, 69-70, 85, 109, 111, 114, 176 clinical trial participants, 190, 229 medically underserved defined, 39 see also Educational attainment; Income; Poverty Southwest Oncology Group, 205, 206 Read the entire page →
From page 337... ... . clinical Urals, minority representation, 199-200, 201, 205, 206 337 data collection methods, 111-112, 129, 142, 244 geographic scope, 47-48, 107, 108 goals, 46-47 Hispanics, 9, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52, 60, 78 79, 107, 108, 111-112, 206, 210 historical perspectives, 18, 19, 24, 31 incidence, 9, 46, 50, 52-53, 54, 58, 255 "medically underserved" persons, defined, 9 mortality, 9, 46, 50-51, 53, 55, 58, 60-61 NIH monitoring, 15 poor persons, 9, 40, 49, 52, 78-79 preventive interventions, 50, 51 research recommendations, 4, 79-80, 91 rural areas, 9, 48-49, 60, 78 social factors, 46, 47, 79 special populations, general, 46, 78-80 state registries and, 4, 59-60, 64, 68, 79 80 survivorship, 9, 46, 50, 51, 53, 57, 58, 65-66, 82, 255 urban areas, 47, 49, 107, 108 Surveillance Implementation Review Group, 78, 81 Survivorship and survival rates, 2, 15, 21, 58, 110, 111, 136, 167-168, 230 245 African Americans, 57, 59, 82, 91, 111, 129, 142 American Indians/Alaska Natives, 2, 61, 68, 88 Asians/Pacific Islanders, 57, 111 breast cancer, 231, 234, 240 children, 211 clinical practice guidelines, 233-234 clinical Trials, recruitment, 196, 197-198 cultural factors, 168, 233, 240-242 defined, 231 fatalism, 14-15, 164, 196, 197-198, 240, 243 Hispanics, 57, 68, 240-241 minorities, general, 1-2, 4, 7-8, 9, 15, 46, 50,51,53,57,58,65,68-69,72, 81-82, 104, 110, 111, 128, 130, 131, 154, 162, 167-168, 198, 234 245 National Coalition of Cancer Survivorship, 233-234 NCI role, 15, 110, 111, 128, 130, 131, 234-235, 237-239, 243-245, 280, 293-294 Read the entire page →
From page 338... ... . 1 pr~or~uz~ng researcn, survivor involvement, 154, 162-169, 171 public education, 15, 167, 238, 240-245 quality of life, 26, 27, 46, 111-112, 173, 198, 230, 231, 232-233, 235, 236, 244, 255, 256, 258 recommendations, 7-8, 171, 242-245 reporting, 255-256 SEER, 9, 46, 50, 51, 53, 57, 58, 65-66, 82, 255 social factors, general, 231, 243 "special populations" defined, 45 see also Families of cancer patients; Morbidity rates; Mortality rates Tamoxifen, 14, 30, 122, 208, 210 Telephone services, 107, 119, 122, 127, 223, 238 Cancer Information Service, 107, 127 128, 222-224, 238 Tobacco, see Smoking Training, see Patient education; Professional education; Public education Treatment, 69-70, 81, 93, 126, 212, 231, 242 AIDS-related cancers, 103, 146 American Indians, 61 chemotherapy, 14, 30, 122, 196, 207208, 210 clinical practice guidelines, 217, 218 databases, 127 historical perspectives, 26, 27 informed consent, 7, 14, 188-189, 192, 196, 198-199, 212, 229 natural remedies, 28, 233 poor persons, 40, 41-42 reporting on, 251, 255-256, 258, 260 reproductive and fertility problems, 236 rural areas, 43, 60, 115 SEER, 46 INDEX see also Chemotherapy; Clinical Trials; Health insurance Urban areas, 39, 74, 120, 171, 218 African Americans, 49, 119, 129 American Indians, 64 brownfields, 144 clinical Trials, recruitment and retention, 7, 189, 197-198, 207, 229 SEER, 47, 49, 107, 108 Veterans, see Department of Veterans Affairs Vietnamese, 30, 123 What Are Clinical TrialsAllAbout? Read the entire page →

From page 323...

... , 213 colorectal cancer, 58, 122-123 diet, 112-113, 121-122, 283 genetic research, 149-150, 166, 189 historically black colleges and universities, 135-136, 149, 153, 164, 165-166, 286, 288 human T-cell lymphotrophic virus, 114, 116 journal articles on, 224, 226-227, 239, 240-241 lung cancer, 52, 53, 115, 122-123 men, 1, 52, 53, 58, 109, 112, 163, 188, 197-198, 203, 206, 300-313 mortality, 1, 24, 28, 29, 30, 53, 58, 69, 72-73, 91, 129, 142, 163, 166, 252, 253, 300-313 pancreatic cancer, 118, 301, 309 patient education, 128 poor, 43, 49, 71-72, 91, 123 preventive measures, general, 18, 118-119, 136, 142, 207-211 (passim)

Index Pages 323-338

Index
Pages 323-338