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Separation Technologies for the Industries of the Future (1998) / Chapter Skim
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3 Petroleum Industry
Pages 28-35

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From page 28...
... . SEPARATION NEEDS The petroleum refining industry uses the same traditional chemical engineering separation technologies as the chemical industry, including distillation, crystallization, adsorption, membrane processes, absorption and stripping, and extraction.
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From page 29...
... and Ag+-exchanged perfluorosulfonic acid membranes (Koval et al., 1992; Davis et al., 1993~. Both have the potential to save large amounts of energy from hydrocarbon feeds that do not contain poisonous sulfur compounds.
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From page 30...
... Isomer Separations Improved isomer separations could significantly reduce the energy consumption required for the manufacture of certain chemical products. One method uses molecular sieve membranes, including zeolite, carbon molecular sieve materials, and the (currently classified)
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From page 31...
... These membranes could be prepared using several techniques: synthesis of thin, nanostructured, dense palladium-based films (Bryden and Ying, 1996; Mardilovich et al., 1996~; molecular template-directed synthesis of nanostructured materials; novel procedures to plug large pores or reduce pore size in ceramic and other membranes; and the sol-gel technique using uniform nanosized sol particles (Chu and Anderson, 1996~. Direct Conversion of Hydrogen Sulfide to Hydrogen and Sulfur Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
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From page 32...
... Removal of Acid Gases The petroleum refining industry needs better separation methods for the removal of acid gases from natural gases, such as the removal of CO2 and H2S from natural gas containing between 15 and 50 percent acid gases and 50 percent or more CO2. Potential applications include the recovery of CO2 from large-scale enhanced oil recovery proJects.
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From page 33...
... In coal gasification, where the removal of H2S and COS in a continuous process directly from the hot product gases is still a major unresolved technical challenge, considerable economic benefits could be achieved. For the removal of acid gases from other gases, thinner membranes (< 500 Ay and new membrane materials with high selectivity for CO2 and H2S separation from CH4 would reduce costs by increasing productivity and reducing methane loss to the permeate.
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From page 34...
... SUMMARY Like the chemical industry, the sophisticated separation technologies that the pertoleum refining industry uses could be improved to increase energy efficiency, raw materials efficiency, and cost effectiveness. Specific areas for improvement include the following: · technologies for basic organic/organic separation processes, including the separation of benzene from gasoline and aromatics from jet and diesel fuels · methods for separating olefins from paraffins
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From page 35...
... 1 1 PETROLEUM REFINING INDUSTRY 35 methods of producing lower cost oxygen for methane conversion to synthe S1S gas processes for isomer separations, including p-xylene from the other xylenes and linear olefins and paraffins from their corresponding branched olefins and paraffins methods for separating asphaltenes from petroleum liquid methods for the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to produce styrene and the dehydrogenation of paraffins to produce olefins · methods for recovering H2 and S from H2S with some input of energy · methods for separating hydrogen from other gases, such as refinery purge gases, ammonia purge gases, and synthesis gas; methods for producing high-purity hydrogen · methods for removing acid gases from natural gas · methods for removing VOCs from air and various industrial process gases · methods for removing organic compounds from wastewater and contaminated groundwater · methods for removing particulates from gas streams and for removing submicron-sized particulates from coal liquefaction liquids
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Key Terms

  • petroleum refining
  • molecular sieve
  • synthesis gas
  • natural gas
  • gas containing

  • purge gases
  • coal gasification
  • carbon molecular
  • separation technologies
  • acid gases

  • linear olefins
  • raw materials
  • sieve membrane
  • coal liquefaction
  • isomer separations

  • gas streams
  • sieve membranes
  • sulfur compounds
  • liquefaction liquids
  • crude oils

  • containing sulfur
  • ammonia purge
  • combustion units
  • flue gases
  • energy required

  • membrane reactors
  • potential applications
  • facilitated transport
  • cost effectiveness
  • materials efficiency


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