Pesticides and Groundwater Quality Issues and Problems in Four States (1986) / Chapter Skim
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4 Florida
4 Florida
Pages 81-97
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From page 81... ...
Furtnermore, the state's groundwater and surface water supplies are closely linked, with groundwater discharges contributing significantly to Florida's stream flows. The demand for water will grow rapidly, since Florida is experiencing rapid increases in population and development.
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From page 82... ...
Florida's unique hydrogeology allows fast movement of surface contaminants into aquifers. Pollution sources in the state include 6,000 mostly unlined surface impoundments; 9,000 drainage wells that inject wastewater or low-quality water into receiving aquifers; 40,000 underground storage tanks, many of which are periodically submerged in groundwater; saltwater intrusion; several hundred hazardous waste sites; and Florida's active agricultural industry, with its associated fertilizers, pesticides, and other agricultural chemicals.
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From page 83... ...
The unique hydrogeology of Florida, the recognition of groundwater contamination problems, and the increasing demands for quality water have prompted several state initiatives. In 1982 the speakers of the Florida House of Representatives appointed a task force to examine water issues in the state.
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From page 84... ...
Subsequent monitoring detected aldicarb in groundwater near application sites at levels approaching 600 ppb. The f inditing of aldicarb residues in groundwater led the state to adopt a 10-ppb health advisory quality level, a 1-year ban on many uses of the pesticide, and two monitoring programs.
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From page 85... ...
The data provide a check for Union Carbide mathematical models that describe degradation and movement of aldicarb residues and for pesticide use restrictions intended to protect groundwater. The seven sites include two citrus ridge groves, two bedded orange groves, a west coast orange grove, a fernery, and a potato field.
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From page 86... ...
In another major aldicarb monitoring program, the DER contracted the Department of Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, to study aldicarb residues in dr inking-water supplies . The study is being conducted in three phases.
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From page 87... ...
This is attributed to the high application rates in these counties, the large number of application sites, the lack of organic matter in the soil, and the high susceptibility of the surface aquifers to contamination. Most of the EDB contamination appears to be confined to surficial aquifers.
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From page 88... ...
Other Pesticides As the first step in establishing an ambient groundwater quality monitoring program, the Florida DER contracted the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)
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From page 89... ...
During 1983-1984, the EPA, in cooperation with the Florida DER, sampled and analyzed 218 public water supplies in Broward, Dade, and Palm Beach counties. The samples were analyzed for volatile organic compounds BLOCS)
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From page 90... ...
Under the 1983 Florida Water Quality Assurance Act, the state is establishing an extensive groundwater monitoring network. The act requires the DER, in cooperation with other state and federal agencies, water management districts, and local governments, to establish Ha groundwater quality monitoring network designed to detect or predict contamination of the state's groundwater resources." To do this, a three-phase program has been established.
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From page 91... ...
Analysis is required every 3 years, but it is expected that the number of contaminants for which analyses are required in the future will be reduced substantially, based on known or suspected occurrence in Florida waters Total estimated triennial cost for statewide monitoring of drinking water for the presence of these synthetic
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From page 92... ...
Included in the increase were 16 new positions and S2.9 million for groundwater monitoring; 8 new positions and 3250,000 for pesticides/water quality activities; 7 new positions and S350,000 for water quality data collection; and 31.15 million for cleanup of EDB and other pesticides.
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From page 93... ...
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From page 94... ...
However, the task force noted that the DACS focused its attention on the safety of pesticides in relation to actual use on crops and that no agency had been given the responsibility to evaluate the possible impact of a pesticide's use on Florida Is groundwaters. m e department passed a rule in late 1984 to require agr~chemical companies to provide additional environmental fate data on specific pesticides beyond that required by EPA if it deemed such data necessary to assess the potential for a pesticide to leach to groundwater.
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From page 95... ...
For this reason, the DER contracted the U.S. Geological Survey to conduct a Statewide assessment of selected trace metal and organic priority pollutants in groundwater used for public water supplies..
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From page 96... ...
AGRICULTURAL ~UDUGE~LNT STRATEGIES AVAILABLE TO MITIGATE PESTICIDE/GROUNDWATER QUALITY PROBLEMS The presence of aldicarb residues in groundwater prompted Florida's DACS to ban the pesticide in 1983 for virtually all field uses except potatoes. When this ban was lifted in 1984, a series of restrictions were Imposed to minimize groundwater contamination.
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From page 97... ...
They suggested that such management would be accomplished more easily with restricted use pesticides and that environmental fate data could be useful to delineate sensitive areas for specific pesticides.
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